690 lines
13 KiB
Groff
690 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.TH TAR 1 "Oct 2004" "GNU" "tar"
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.SH NAME
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tar \- The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B tar
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.I <operation> [options]
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.I Operations:
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.nf
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.B [-]A --catenate --concatenate
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.B [-]c --create
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.B [-]d --diff --compare
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.B [-]r --append
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.B [-]t --list
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.B [-]u --update
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.B [-]x --extract --get
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.B --delete
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.fi
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.I Common Options:
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.nf
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.B -C, --directory DIR
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.B -f, --file F
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.B -j, --bzip2
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.B -p, --preserve-permissions
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.B -v, --verbose
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.B -z, --gzip
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.fi
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.I All Options:
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.br
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[
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.B --atime-preserve
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]
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[
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.B -b, --blocking-factor N
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]
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[
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.B -B, --read-full-records
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]
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[
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.B --backup BACKUP-TYPE
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]
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[
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.B --block-compress
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]
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[
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.B -C, --directory DIR
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]
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[
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.B -l, --check-links
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]
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[
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.B --checkpoint
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]
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[
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.B -f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
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]
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[
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.B -F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F
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]
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[
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.B --force-local
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]
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[
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.B --format FORMAT
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]
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[
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.B -g, --listed-incremental F
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]
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[
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.B -G, --incremental
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]
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[
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.B --group GROUP
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]
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[
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.B -h, --dereference
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]
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[
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.B --help
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]
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[
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.B -i, --ignore-zeros
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]
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[
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.B --ignore-case
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]
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[
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.B --ignore-failed-read
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]
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[
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.B --index-file FILE
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]
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[
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.B -j, --bzip2
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]
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[
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.B -k, --keep-old-files
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]
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[
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.B -K, --starting-file F
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]
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[
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.B --keep-newer-files
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]
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[
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.B --one-file-system
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]
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[
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.B -L, --tape-length N
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]
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[
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.B -m, --touch, --modification-time
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]
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[
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.B -M, --multi-volume
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]
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[
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.B --mode PERMISSIONS
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]
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[
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.B -N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE
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]
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[
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.B --newer-mtime DATE
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]
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[
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.B --no-anchored
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]
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[
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.B --no-ignore-case
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]
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[
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.B --no-recursion
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]
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[
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.B --no-same-permissions
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]
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[
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.B --no-wildcards
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]
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[
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.B --no-wildcards-match-slash
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]
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[
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.B --null
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]
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[
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.B --numeric-owner
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]
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[
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.B -o, --old-archive, --portability, --no-same-owner
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]
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[
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.B -O, --to-stdout
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]
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[
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.B --occurrence[=NUM]
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]
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[
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.B --overwrite
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]
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[
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.B --overwrite-dir
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]
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[
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.B --owner USER
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]
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[
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.B -p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions
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]
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[
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.B -P, --absolute-names
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]
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[
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.B --pax-option KEYWORD-LIST
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]
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[
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.B --posix
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]
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[
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.B --preserve
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]
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[
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.B --acls
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]
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[
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.B --selinux
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]
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[
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.B --xattrs
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]
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[
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.B --no-acls
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]
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[
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.B --no-selinux
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]
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[
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.B --no-xattrs
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]
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[
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.B -R, --block-number
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]
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[
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.B --record-size SIZE
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]
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[
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.B --recursion
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]
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[
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.B --recursive-unlink
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]
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[
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.B --remove-files
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]
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[
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.B --rmt-command CMD
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]
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[
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.B --rsh-command CMD
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]
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[
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.B -s, --same-order, --preserve-order
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]
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[
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.B -S, --sparse
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]
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[
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.B --same-owner
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]
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[
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.B --show-defaults
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]
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[
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.B --show-omitted-dirs
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]
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[
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.B --strip-components NUMBER, --strip-path NUMBER (1)
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]
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[
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.B --suffix SUFFIX
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]
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[
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.B -T, --files-from F
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]
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[
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.B --totals
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]
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[
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.B -U, --unlink-first
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]
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[
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.B --use-compress-program PROG
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]
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[
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.B --utc
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]
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[
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.B -v, --verbose
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]
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[
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.B -V, --label NAME
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]
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[
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.B --version
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]
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[
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.B --volno-file F
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]
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[
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.B -w, --interactive, --confirmation
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]
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[
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.B -W, --verify
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]
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[
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.B --wildcards
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]
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[
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.B --wildcards-match-slash
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]
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[
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.B --exclude PATTERN
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]
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[
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.B -X, --exclude-from FILE
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]
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[
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.B -Z, --compress, --uncompress
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]
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[
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.B -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
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]
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[
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.B -[0-7][lmh]
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]
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(1) tar-1.14 uses --strip-path, tar-1.14.90+ uses --strip-components
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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This manual page documents the GNU version of \fBtar\fR, an archiving
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program designed to store and extract files from an archive file known
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as a \fItarfile\fR. A \fItarfile\fR may be made on a tape drive,
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however, it is also common to write a \fItarfile\fR to a normal file.
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The first argument to \fBtar\fR must be one of the options \fBAcdrtux\fR,
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followed by any optional functions. The final arguments to \fBtar\fR
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are the names of the files or directories which should be archived. The
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use of a directory name always implies that the subdirectories below
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should be included in the archive.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.TP
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.B tar -xvf foo.tar
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verbosely extract foo.tar
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.TP
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.B tar -xzf foo.tar.gz
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extract gzipped foo.tar.gz
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.TP
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.B tar -cjf foo.tar.bz2 bar/
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create bzipped tar archive of the directory bar called foo.tar.bz2
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.TP
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.B tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 -C bar/
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extract bzipped foo.tar.bz2 after changing directory to bar
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.TP
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.B tar -xzf foo.tar.gz blah.txt
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extract the file blah.txt from foo.tar.gz
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.SH "FUNCTION LETTERS"
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.TP
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.B One of the following options must be used:
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.TP
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.B -A, --catenate, --concatenate
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append tar files to an archive
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.TP
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.B -c, --create
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create a new archive
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.TP
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.B -d, --diff, --compare
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find differences between archive and file system
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.TP
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.B -r, --append
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append files to the end of an archive
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.TP
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.B -t, --list
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list the contents of an archive
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.TP
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.B -u, --update
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only append files that are newer than the existing in archive
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.TP
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.B -x, --extract, --get
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extract files from an archive
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.TP
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.B --delete
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delete from the archive (not for use on mag tapes!)
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.SH "COMMON OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.B -C, --directory DIR
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change to directory DIR
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.TP
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.B -f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
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Use archive file or device F (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout).
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Note that "/dev/stdout" is not equivalent to "-". Using "/dev/stdout"
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explicitly can lead to corrupted archive, especially when coupled with "-v".
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.TP
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.B -j, --bzip2
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filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files
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.TP
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.B -p, --preserve-permissions
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extract all protection information
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.TP
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.B -v, --verbose
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verbosely list files processed
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.TP
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.B -z, --gzip, --ungzip
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filter the archive through gzip
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.SH "ALL OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.B --atime-preserve
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don't change access times on dumped files
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.TP
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.B -b, --blocking-factor N
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block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20)
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.TP
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.B -B, --read-full-blocks
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reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes)
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.TP
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.B --backup BACKUP-TYPE
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backup files instead of deleting them using BACKUP-TYPE simple or
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numbered
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.TP
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.B --block-compress
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block the output of compression program for tapes
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.TP
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.B -C, --directory DIR
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change to directory DIR
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.TP
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.B -l, --check-links
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warn if number of hard links to the file on the filesystem mismatch the
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number of links recorded in the archive
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.TP
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.B --checkpoint
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print directory names while reading the archive
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.TP
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.B -f, --file [HOSTNAME:]F
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Use archive file or device F (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout).
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Note that "/dev/stdout" is not equivalent to "-". Using "/dev/stdout"
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explicitly can lead to corrupted archive, especially when coupled with "-v".
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.TP
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.B -F, --info-script F --new-volume-script F
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run script at end of each tape (implies \fI--multi-volume\fR)
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.TP
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.B --force-local
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archive file is local even if has a colon
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.TP
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.B --format FORMAT
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selects output archive format
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.nf
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\fIv7\fR - Unix V7
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\fIoldgnu\fR - GNU tar <=1.12
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\fIgnu\fR - GNU tar 1.13
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\fIustar\fR - POSIX.1-1988
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\fIposix\fR - POSIX.1-2001
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.fi
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.TP
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.B -g, --listed-incremental F
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create/list/extract new GNU-format incremental backup
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.TP
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.B -G, --incremental
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create/list/extract old GNU-format incremental backup
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.TP
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.B -h, --dereference
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don't dump symlinks; dump the files they point to
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.TP
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.B --help
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like this manpage, but not as cool
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.TP
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.B -i, --ignore-zeros
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ignore blocks of zeros in archive (normally mean EOF)
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.TP
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.B --ignore-case
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ignore case when excluding files
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.TP
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.B --ignore-failed-read
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don't exit with non-zero status on unreadable files
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.TP
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.B --index-file FILE
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send verbose output to FILE instead of stdout
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.TP
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.B -j, --bzip2
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filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files
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.TP
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.B -k, --keep-old-files
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keep existing files; don't overwrite them from archive
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.TP
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.B -K, --starting-file F
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begin at file F in the archive
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.TP
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.B --keep-newer-files
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do not overwrite files which are newer than the archive
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.TP
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.B --one-file-system
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stay in local file system when creating an archive
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.TP
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.B -L, --tape-length N
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change tapes after writing N*1024 bytes
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.TP
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.B -m, --touch, --modification-time
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don't extract file modified time
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.TP
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.B -M, --multi-volume
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create/list/extract multi-volume archive
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.TP
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.B --mode PERMISSIONS
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apply PERMISSIONS while adding files (see \fBchmod\fR(1))
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.TP
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.B -N, --after-date DATE, --newer DATE
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only store files newer than DATE
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.TP
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.B --newer-mtime DATE
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like \fI--newer\fR, but with a DATE
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.TP
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.B --no-anchored
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match any subsequenceof the name's components with \fI--exclude\fR
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.TP
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.B --no-ignore-case
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use case-sensitive matching with \fI--exclude\fR
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.TP
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.B --no-recursion
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don't recurse into directories
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.TP
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.B --no-same-permissions
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apply user's umask when extracting files instead of recorded permissions
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.TP
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.B --no-wildcards
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don't use wildcards with \fI--exclude\fR
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.TP
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.B --no-wildcards-match-slash
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wildcards do not match slashes (/) with \fI--exclude\fR
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.TP
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.B --null
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\fI--files-from\fR reads null-terminated names, disable \fI--directory\fR
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.TP
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.B --numeric-owner
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always use numbers for user/group names
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.TP
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.B -o, --old-archive, --portability
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like \fI--format=v7\fR; \fI-o\fR exhibits this behavior when creating an
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archive (deprecated behavior)
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.TP
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.B -o, --no-same-owner
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do not attempt to restore ownership when extracting; \fI-o\fR exhibits
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this behavior when extracting an archive
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.TP
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.B -O, --to-stdout
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extract files to standard output
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.TP
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.B --occurrence[=NUM]
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process only the NUMth occurrence of each named file; used with
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\fI--delete\fR, \fI--diff\fR, \fI--extract\fR, or \fI--list\fR.
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NUM defaults to 1.
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.TP
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.B --overwrite
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overwrite existing files and directory metadata when extracting
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.TP
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.B --overwrite-dir
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overwrite directory metadata when extracting
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.TP
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.B --owner USER
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change owner of extraced files to USER
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.TP
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.B -p, --same-permissions, --preserve-permissions
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extract all protection information
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.TP
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.B -P, --absolute-names
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don't strip leading `/'s from file names
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.TP
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.B --pax-option KEYWORD-LIST
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used only with POSIX.1-2001 archives to modify the way \fBtar\fR handles
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extended header keywords
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.TP
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.B --posix
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like \fI--format=posix\fR
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.TP
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.B --preserve
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like \fI--preserve-permissions\fR \fI--same-order\fR
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.TP
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.B --acls
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this option causes \fBtar\fR to store each file's ACLs in the archive.
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.TP
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.B --selinux
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this option causes \fBtar\fR to store each file's SELinux security context information in the archive.
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.TP
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.B --xattrs
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this option causes \fBtar\fR to store each file's extended attributes in the archive. This option also enables \fI--acls\fR and\fI--selinux\fR if they haven't been set already, due to the fact that the data for those are stored in special xattrs.
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.TP
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.B --no-acls
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This option causes \fBtar\fR not to store each file's ACLs in the archive and not to extract any ACL information in an archive.
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.TP
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.B --no-selinux
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this option causes \fBtar\fR not to store each file's SELinux security context information in the archive and not to extract any SELinux information in an archive.
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.TP
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.B --no-xattrs
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this option causes \fBtar\fR not to store each file's extended attributes in the archive and not to extract any extended attributes in an archive. This option also enables \fI--no-acls\fR and \fI--no-selinux\fR if they haven't been set already.
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.TP
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.B -R, --record-number
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show record number within archive with each message
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.TP
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.B --record-size SIZE
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use SIZE bytes per record when accessing archives
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.TP
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.B --recursion
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recurse into directories
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.TP
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.B --recursive-unlink
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remove existing directories before extracting directories of the same name
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.TP
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.B --remove-files
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remove files after adding them to the archive
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.TP
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.B --rmt-command CMD
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use CMD instead of the default /usr/sbin/rmt
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.TP
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.B --rsh-command CMD
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use remote CMD instead of \fBrsh\fR(1)
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.TP
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.B -s, --same-order, --preserve-order
|
|
list of names to extract is sorted to match archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -S, --sparse
|
|
handle sparse files efficiently
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --same-owner
|
|
create extracted files with the same ownership
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --show-defaults
|
|
display the default options used by \fBtar\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --show-omitted-dirs
|
|
print directories \fBtar\fR skips while operating on an archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --strip-components NUMBER, --strip-path NUMBER
|
|
strip NUMBER of leading components from file names before extraction
|
|
|
|
(1) tar-1.14 uses --strip-path, tar-1.14.90+ uses --strip-components
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --suffix SUFFIX
|
|
use SUFFIX instead of default '~' when backing up files
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -T, --files-from F
|
|
get names to extract or create from file F
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --totals
|
|
print total bytes written with --create
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -U, --unlink-first
|
|
remove existing files before extracting files of the same name
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --use-compress-program PROG
|
|
access the archive through PROG which is generally a compression program
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --utc
|
|
display file modification dates in UTC
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -v, --verbose
|
|
verbosely list files processed
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -V, --label NAME
|
|
create archive with volume name NAME
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --version
|
|
print \fBtar\fR program version number
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --volno-file F
|
|
keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive its working in
|
|
FILE; used with \fI--multi-volume\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -w, --interactive, --confirmation
|
|
ask for confirmation for every action
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -W, --verify
|
|
attempt to verify the archive after writing it
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --wildcards
|
|
use wildcards with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --wildcards-match-slash
|
|
wildcards match slashes (/) with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --exclude PATTERN
|
|
exclude files based upon PATTERN
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -X, --exclude-from FILE
|
|
exclude files listed in FILE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -Z, --compress, --uncompress
|
|
filter the archive through compress
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
|
|
filter the archive through gzip
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B --use-compress-program PROG
|
|
filter the archive through PROG (which must accept -d)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B -[0-7][lmh]
|
|
specify drive and density
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages, and create info documents instead.
|
|
The maintainer of \fBtar\fR falls into this category. Thus this man page may
|
|
not be complete, nor current, and was included in the Red Hat CVS tree
|
|
because man is a great tool :). This man page was first taken from Debian
|
|
Linux and has since been loving updated here.
|
|
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
|
|
Please report bugs via https://bugzilla.redhat.com
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
The full documentation for
|
|
.B tar
|
|
is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
|
|
.B info
|
|
and
|
|
.B tar
|
|
programs are properly installed at your site, the command
|
|
.IP
|
|
.B info tar
|
|
.PP
|
|
should give you access to the complete manual.
|
|
.SH "AUTHORS"
|
|
.nf
|
|
Debian Linux http://www.debian.org/
|
|
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
|
|
.fi
|