601 lines
15 KiB
Groff
601 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE! It was generated by help2man 1.35.
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.TH TAR "1" "November 2009" "tar 1.22" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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tar \- manual page for tar 1.22
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B tar
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[\fIOPTION\fR...] [\fIFILE\fR]...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
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restore individual files from the archive.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.TP
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tar \fB\-cf\fR archive.tar foo bar
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# Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
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.TP
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tar \fB\-tvf\fR archive.tar
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# List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
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.TP
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tar \fB\-xf\fR archive.tar
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# Extract all files from archive.tar.
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.IP
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.SH OPTIONS
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.SH Main operation mode:
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.TP
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\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-catenate\fR, \fB\-\-concatenate\fR
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append tar files to an archive
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.TP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-create\fR
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create a new archive
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.TP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-diff\fR, \fB\-\-compare\fR
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find differences between archive and file system
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.TP
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\fB\-\-delete\fR
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delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
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.TP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
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append files to the end of an archive
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.TP
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\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
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list the contents of an archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-test\-label\fR
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test the archive volume label and exit
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.TP
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\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-update\fR
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only append files newer than copy in archive
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.TP
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\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-extract\fR, \fB\-\-get\fR
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extract files from an archive
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.IP
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.SH\fBCommon Options:\fR
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.TP
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\fB-C\fR, \fB--directory=DIR\fR
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change to directory DIR
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.TP
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\fB-f\fR, \fB--file=ARCHIVE\fR
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use archive file or device ARCHIVE
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.TP
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\fB-j\fR, \fB--bzip2\fR
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filter the archive through bzip2
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.TP
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\fB -J\fR, \fB--xz\fR
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filter the archive through xz
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.TP
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\fB-p\fR, \fB--preserve-permissions\fR
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extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)
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.TP
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\fB-v\fR, \fB--verbose\fR
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verbosely list files processed
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.TP
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\fB-z\fR, \fB--gzip\fR
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filter the archive through gzip
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.SH Operation modifiers:
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.TP
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\fB\-\-check\-device\fR
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check device numbers when creating incremental
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archives (default)
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.TP
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\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-listed\-incremental\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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handle new GNU\-format incremental backup
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.TP
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-incremental\fR
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handle old GNU\-format incremental backup
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.TP
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\fB\-\-ignore\-failed\-read\fR
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do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
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.TP
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\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-seek\fR
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archive is seekable
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-check\-device\fR
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do not check device numbers when creating
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incremental archives
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.TP
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\fB\-\-occurrence\fR[=\fINUMBER\fR]
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process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file
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in the archive; this option is valid only in
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conjunction with one of the subcommands \fB\-\-delete\fR,
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\fB\-\-diff\fR, \fB\-\-extract\fR or \fB\-\-list\fR and when a list of
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files is given either on the command line or via
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the \fB\-T\fR option; NUMBER defaults to 1
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.TP
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\fB\-\-sparse\-version\fR=\fIMAJOR[\fR.MINOR]
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set version of the sparse format to use (implies
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\fB\-\-sparse\fR)
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.TP
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\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-sparse\fR
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handle sparse files efficiently
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.IP
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.SH Overwrite control:
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.TP
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\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-old\-files\fR
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don't replace existing files when extracting
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.TP
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\fB\-\-keep\-newer\-files\fR
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don't replace existing files that are newer than
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their archive copies
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-overwrite\-dir\fR
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preserve metadata of existing directories
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.TP
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\fB\-\-overwrite\fR
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overwrite existing files when extracting
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.TP
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\fB\-\-overwrite\-dir\fR
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overwrite metadata of existing directories when
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extracting (default)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-recursive\-unlink\fR
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empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
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.TP
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\fB\-\-remove\-files\fR
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remove files after adding them to the archive
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.TP
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\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlink\-first\fR
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remove each file prior to extracting over it
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.TP
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\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-verify\fR
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attempt to verify the archive after writing it
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.IP
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.SH Select output stream:
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.HP
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\fB\-\-ignore\-command\-error\fR ignore exit codes of children
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-ignore\-command\-error\fR
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treat non\-zero exit codes of children as
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error
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.TP
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\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-to\-stdout\fR
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extract files to standard output
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.TP
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\fB\-\-to\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
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pipe extracted files to another program
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.IP
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Handling of file attributes:
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.TP
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\fB\-\-acls\fR
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Save the ACLs to the archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-atime\-preserve\fR[=\fIMETHOD\fR]
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preserve access times on dumped files, either
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by restoring the times after reading
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(METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the
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times in the first place (METHOD='system')
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.TP
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\fB\-\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
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delay setting modification times and
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permissions of extracted directories until the end
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of extraction
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.TP
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\fB\-\-group\fR=\fINAME\fR
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force NAME as group for added files
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.TP
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\fB\-\-mode\fR=\fICHANGES\fR
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force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
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.TP
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\fB\-\-mtime\fR=\fIDATE\-OR\-FILE\fR
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set mtime for added files from DATE\-OR\-FILE
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.TP
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\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-touch\fR
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don't extract file modified time
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-acls\fR
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Don't extract the ACLs from the archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
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cancel the effect of \fB\-\-delay\-directory\-restore\fR
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option
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-same\-owner\fR
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extract files as yourself
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-same\-permissions\fR
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apply the user's umask when extracting permissions
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from the archive (default for ordinary users)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-selinux\fR
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Don't extract the SELinux context from the archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-xattrs\fR
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Don't extract the user/root xattrs from the
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archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-numeric\-owner\fR
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always use numbers for user/group names
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.TP
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\fB\-\-owner\fR=\fINAME\fR
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force NAME as owner for added files
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.TP
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\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-permissions\fR, \fB\-\-same\-permissions\fR
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extract information about file permissions
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(default for superuser)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-preserve\fR
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same as both \fB\-p\fR and \fB\-s\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-\-same\-owner\fR
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try extracting files with the same ownership
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.TP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-order\fR, \fB\-\-same\-order\fR
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sort names to extract to match archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-selinux\fR
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Save the SELinux context to the archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-xattrs\fR
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Save the user/root xattrs to the archive
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.IP
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.SH Device selection and switching:
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.TP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIARCHIVE\fR
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use archive file or device ARCHIVE
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.TP
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\fB\-\-force\-local\fR
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archive file is local even if it has a colon
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.TP
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\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-info\-script\fR=\fINAME\fR, \fB\-\-new\-volume\-script\fR=\fINAME\fR
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run script at end of each tape (implies \fB\-M\fR)
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.TP
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\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-tape\-length\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
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change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
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.TP
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\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-multi\-volume\fR
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create/list/extract multi\-volume archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-rmt\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
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use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
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.TP
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\fB\-\-rsh\-command\fR=\fICOMMAND\fR
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use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
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.TP
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\fB\-\-volno\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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use/update the volume number in FILE
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.IP
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.SH Device blocking:
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.TP
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\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-blocking\-factor\fR=\fIBLOCKS\fR
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BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
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.TP
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\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-\-read\-full\-records\fR
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reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
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.TP
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-zeros\fR
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ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-record\-size\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
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NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
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.IP
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.SH Archive format selection:
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.TP
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\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIFORMAT\fR
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create archive of the given format
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.IP
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FORMAT is one of the following:
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.TP
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gnu
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GNU tar 1.13.x format
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.TP
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oldgnu
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GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
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.TP
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pax
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POSIX 1003.1\-2001 (pax) format
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.TP
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posix
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same as pax
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.TP
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ustar
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POSIX 1003.1\-1988 (ustar) format
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.TP
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v7
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old V7 tar format
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.TP
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\fB\-\-old\-archive\fR, \fB\-\-portability\fR
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same as \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIv7\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-\-pax\-option\fR=\fIkeyword[[\fR:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
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control pax keywords
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.TP
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\fB\-\-posix\fR
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same as \fB\-\-format\fR=\fIposix\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-label\fR=\fITEXT\fR
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create archive with volume name TEXT; at
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list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern
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for volume name
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.IP
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\fBCompression options:\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-auto\-compress\fR
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use archive suffix to determine the compression
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program
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.TP
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\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-use\-compress\-program\fR=\fIPROG\fR
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filter through PROG (must accept \fB\-d\fR)
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.TP
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\fB\-j\fR, \fB\-\-bzip2\fR
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filter the archive through bzip2
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.TP
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\fB\-\-lzma\fR
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filter the archive through lzma
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-auto\-compress\fR
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do not use archive suffix to determine the
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compression program
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.TP
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\fB\-z\fR, \fB\-\-gzip\fR, \fB\-\-gunzip\fR, \fB\-\-ungzip\fR
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filter the archive through gzip
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.TP
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\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-compress\fR, \fB\-\-uncompress\fR
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filter the archive through compress
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.TP
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\fB\-J\fR, \fB\-\-xz\fR
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filter the archive through xz
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.TP
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\fB\-\-lzop\fR
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filter the archive through lzop
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.IP
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.SH Local file selection:
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.TP
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\fB\-\-add\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name
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starts with a dash)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-backup\fR[=\fICONTROL\fR]
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backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
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.TP
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\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-directory\fR=\fIDIR\fR
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change to directory DIR
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\fR=\fIPATTERN\fR
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exclude files, given as a PATTERN
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\fR
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exclude contents of directories containing
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CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\-all\fR
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exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-caches\-under\fR exclude everything under directories containing
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CACHEDIR.TAG
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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exclude contents of directories containing FILE,
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except for FILE itself
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.HP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\-all\fR=\fIFILE\fR exclude directories containing FILE
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-tag\-under\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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exclude everything under directories
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containing FILE
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.TP
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\fB\-\-exclude\-vcs\fR
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exclude version control system directories
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.TP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-dereference\fR
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follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
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point to
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.TP
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\fB\-\-hard\-dereference\fR
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follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
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refer to
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.TP
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\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-starting\-file\fR=\fIMEMBER\-NAME\fR
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begin at member MEMBER\-NAME in the archive
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.TP
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\fB\-\-newer\-mtime\fR=\fIDATE\fR
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compare date and time when data changed only
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-null\fR
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disable the effect of the previous \fB\-\-null\fR option
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-recursion\fR
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avoid descending automatically in directories
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-unquote\fR
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do not unquote filenames read with \fB\-T\fR
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.HP
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\fB\-\-null\fR \fB\-T\fR reads null\-terminated names, disable \fB\-C\fR
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.TP
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\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-newer\fR=\fIDATE\-OR\-FILE\fR, \fB\-\-after\-date\fR=\fIDATE\-OR\-FILE\fR
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only store files newer than DATE\-OR\-FILE
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.TP
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\fB\-\-one\-file\-system\fR
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stay in local file system when creating archive
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.TP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-absolute\-names\fR
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don't strip leading `/'s from file names
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.TP
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\fB\-\-recursion\fR
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recurse into directories (default)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-suffix\fR=\fISTRING\fR
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backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~'
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unless overridden by environment variable
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SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
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.TP
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\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-files\-from\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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get names to extract or create from FILE
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.TP
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\fB\-\-unquote\fR
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unquote filenames read with \fB\-T\fR (default)
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.TP
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\fB\-X\fR, \fB\-\-exclude\-from\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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exclude patterns listed in FILE
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.IP
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.SH File name transformations:
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.TP
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\fB\-\-strip\-components\fR=\fINUMBER\fR
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strip NUMBER leading components from file
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names on extraction
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.TP
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\fB\-\-transform\fR=\fIEXPRESSION\fR, \fB\-\-xform\fR=\fIEXPRESSION\fR
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use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file
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names
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.IP
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File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):
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.TP
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\fB\-\-anchored\fR
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patterns match file name start
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.TP
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\fB\-\-ignore\-case\fR
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ignore case
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-anchored\fR
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patterns match after any `/' (default for
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exclusion)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-ignore\-case\fR
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case sensitive matching (default)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-wildcards\fR
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verbatim string matching
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-wildcards\-match\-slash\fR
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wildcards do not match `/'
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.TP
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\fB\-\-wildcards\fR
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use wildcards (default)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-wildcards\-match\-slash\fR
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wildcards match `/' (default for exclusion)
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.IP
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Informative output:
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.TP
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\fB\-\-checkpoint\fR[=\fINUMBER\fR]
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display progress messages every NUMBERth record
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(default 10)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-checkpoint\-action\fR=\fIACTION\fR
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execute ACTION on each checkpoint
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.TP
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\fB\-\-index\-file\fR=\fIFILE\fR
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send verbose output to FILE
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.TP
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\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-check\-links\fR
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print a message if not all links are dumped
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.TP
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\fB\-\-no\-quote\-chars\fR=\fISTRING\fR
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disable quoting for characters from STRING
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.TP
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\fB\-\-quote\-chars\fR=\fISTRING\fR
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additionally quote characters from STRING
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.TP
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\fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fISTYLE\fR
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set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE
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values
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-block\-number\fR
|
|
show block number within archive with each
|
|
message
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-show\-defaults\fR
|
|
show tar defaults
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-show\-omitted\-dirs\fR
|
|
when listing or extracting, list each directory
|
|
that does not match search criteria
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-show\-transformed\-names\fR, \fB\-\-show\-stored\-names\fR
|
|
show file or archive names after transformation
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-totals\fR[=\fISIGNAL\fR]
|
|
print total bytes after processing the archive;
|
|
with an argument \- print total bytes when this
|
|
SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP,
|
|
SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names
|
|
without SIG prefix are also accepted
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-utc\fR
|
|
print file modification dates in UTC
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
|
|
verbosely list files processed
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR, \fB\-\-confirmation\fR
|
|
ask for confirmation for every action
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.SH Compatibility options:
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-o\fR
|
|
when creating, same as \fB\-\-old\-archive\fR; when
|
|
extracting, same as \fB\-\-no\-same\-owner\fR
|
|
.IP
|
|
|
|
.SH Other options:
|
|
.TP
|
|
\-?, \fB\-\-help\fR
|
|
give this help list
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-restrict\fR
|
|
disable use of some potentially harmful options
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-usage\fR
|
|
give a short usage message
|
|
.TP
|
|
\fB\-\-version\fR
|
|
print program version
|
|
.PP
|
|
.PP
|
|
Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
|
|
for any corresponding short options.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with \fB\-\-suffix\fR or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
|
|
The version control may be set with \fB\-\-backup\fR or VERSION_CONTROL, values are:
|
|
.TP
|
|
none, off
|
|
never make backups
|
|
.TP
|
|
t, numbered
|
|
make numbered backups
|
|
.TP
|
|
nil, existing
|
|
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
|
|
.TP
|
|
never, simple
|
|
always make simple backups
|
|
.PP
|
|
Valid arguments for \fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR options are:
|
|
.IP
|
|
literal
|
|
shell
|
|
shell\-always
|
|
c
|
|
c\-maybe
|
|
escape
|
|
locale
|
|
clocale
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH DEFAULTS
|
|
*This* tar defaults to:
|
|
\fB\-\-format\fR=\fIgnu\fR \fB\-f\-\fR \fB\-b20\fR \fB\-\-quoting\-style\fR=\fIescape\fR \fB\-\-rmt\-command=\fR/sbin/rmt
|
|
\fB\-\-rsh\-command=\fR/usr/bin/rsh
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.
|
|
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
|
|
Report bugs to <bug\-tar@gnu.org>.
|
|
.SH COPYRIGHT
|
|
Copyright \(co 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
|
|
.br
|
|
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
|
|
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
The full documentation for
|
|
.B tar
|
|
is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
|
|
.B info
|
|
and
|
|
.B tar
|
|
programs are properly installed at your site, the command
|
|
.IP
|
|
.B info tar
|
|
.PP
|
|
should give you access to the complete manual.
|