93 lines
2.9 KiB
Diff
93 lines
2.9 KiB
Diff
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commit 2c7692bd81946100244f022fdfa47e91afd44632 (document_exclude_mistake)
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Author: Pavel Raiskup <praiskup@redhat.com>
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AuthorDate: Mon Mar 31 14:22:56 2014 +0200
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Commit: Pavel Raiskup <praiskup@redhat.com>
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CommitDate: Mon Mar 31 14:30:02 2014 +0200
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docs: document common mistake with --exclude
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The default settings of --exclude wildcard matching leads usually
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to --no-wildcards-match-slash option but there is not obvious that
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users should also turn --anchored option on.
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* doc/tar.texi: Describe.
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diff --git a/doc/tar.texi b/doc/tar.texi
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index e3df0c9..395f24c 100644
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--- a/doc/tar.texi
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+++ b/doc/tar.texi
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@@ -7906,6 +7906,73 @@ The following table summarizes pattern-matching default values:
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@item Exclusion @tab @option{--wildcards --no-anchored --wildcards-match-slash}
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@end multitable
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+@subsubsection Wildcard matching confusion
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+Using of @option{--[no-]anchored} and @option{--[no-]wildcards-match-slash}
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+was proven to make confusion. The reasons for this are probably different
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+default setting for inclusion and exclusion patterns (in general: you shouldn't
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+rely on defaults if possible) and maybe also because when using any of these two
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+options, the position on command line matters (these options should be placed
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+prior to the member name on command line).
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+
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+@noindent
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+Consider following directory structure:
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+
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+@smallexample
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+$ find path/ | sort
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+path/
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+path/file1
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+path/file2
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+path/subpath
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+path/subpath/file1
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+path/subpath/file2
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+path/subpath2
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+path/subpath2/file1
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+path/subpath2/file2
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+@end smallexample
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+
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+@noindent
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+To archive full directory @samp{path} except all files named @samp{file1} may be
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+reached by any of the two following commands:
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+
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+@smallexample
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+$ tar -cf a.tar --no-wildcards-match-slash --no-anchored path \
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+ --exclude='*/file1'
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+$ tar -cf a.tar --wildcards-match-slash path --exclude='*/file1'
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+@end smallexample
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+
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+@noindent
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+Note that the @option{--wildcards-match-slash} and @option{--no-anchored} may be
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+omitted as it is default for @option{--exclude}. Anyway, we usually want just
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+concrete file (or rather subset of files with the same name). Assume we want
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+exclude only files named @samp{file1} from the first subdirectory level.
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+Following command obviously does not work (it still excludes all files having
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+@samp{file1} name):
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+
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+@smallexample
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+$ tar -cf a.tar --no-wildcards-match-slash path \
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+ --exclude='*/file1' | sort
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+@end smallexample
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+
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+@noindent
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+This is because the @option{--no-anchored} is set by default for exclusion.
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+What you need to fix is to put @option{--anchored} before pathname:
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+
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+@smallexample
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+$ tar -cvf a.tar --no-wildcards-match-slash --anchored path \
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+ --exclude='*/file1' | sort
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+path/
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+path/file2
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+path/subpath1/
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+path/subpath1/file1
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+path/subpath1/file2
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+path/subpath2/
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+path/subpath2/file1
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+path/subpath2/file2
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+@end smallexample
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+
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+@noindent
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+Similarly you can exclude second level by specifying @samp{*/*/file1}.
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+
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@node quoting styles
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@section Quoting Member Names
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