skopeo/containers-registries.conf.5.md

% CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES.CONF(5) System-wide registry configuration file % Brent Baude % Aug 2017

NAME

containers-registries.conf - Syntax of System Registry Configuration File

DESCRIPTION

The CONTAINERS-REGISTRIES configuration file is a system-wide configuration file for container image registries. The file format is TOML.

By default, the configuration file is located at /etc/containers/registries.conf.

FORMATS

VERSION 2

VERSION 2 is the latest format of the registries.conf and is currently in beta. This means in general VERSION 1 should be used in production environments for now.

GLOBAL SETTINGS

unqualified-search-registries

An array of host[:port] registries to try when pulling an unqualified image, in order.

NAMESPACED [[registry]] SETTINGS

The bulk of the configuration is represented as an array of [[registry]] TOML tables; the settings may therefore differ among different registries as well as among different namespaces/repositories within a registry.

Choosing a [[registry]] TOML table

Given an image name, a single [[registry]] TOML table is chosen based on its prefix field.

prefix

A prefix of the user-specified image name, i.e. using one of the following formats:

• host[:port]
• host[:port]/namespace[/namespace…]
• host[:port]/namespace[/namespace…]/repo
• host[:port]/namespace[/namespace…]/repo(:_tag|@digest)

The user-specified image name must start with the specified prefix (and continue with the appropriate separator) for a particular [[registry]] TOML table to be considered; (only) the TOML table with the longest match is used.

As a special case, the prefix field can be missing; if so, it defaults to the value of the location field (described below).

Per-namespace settings

insecure

true or false. By default, container runtimes require TLS when retrieving images from a registry. If insecure is set to true, unencrypted HTTP as well as TLS connections with untrusted certificates are allowed.

blocked

true or false. If true, pulling images with matching names is forbidden.

Remapping and mirroring registries

The user-specified image reference is, primarily, a "logical" image name, always used for naming the image. By default, the image reference also directly specifies the registry and repository to use, but the following options can be used to redirect the underlying accesses to different registry servers or locations (e.g. to support configurations with no access to the internet without having to change Dockerfiles, or to add redundancy).

location

Accepts the same format as the prefix field, and specifies the physical location of the prefix-rooted namespace.

By default, this equal to prefix (in which case prefix can be omitted and the [[registry]] TOML table can only specify location).

Example: Given

prefix = "example.com/foo"
location = "internal-registry-for-example.net/bar"

requests for the image example.com/foo/myimage:latest will actually work with the internal-registry-for-example.net/bar/myimage:latest image.

mirror

An array of TOML tables specifying (possibly-partial) mirrors for the prefix-rooted namespace.

The mirrors are attempted in the specified order; the first one that can be contacted and contains the image will be used (and if none of the mirrors contains the image, the primary location specified by the registry.location field, or using the unmodified user-specified reference, is tried last).

Each TOML table in the mirror array can contain the following fields, with the same semantics as if specified in the [[registry]] TOML table directly:

• location
• insecure

mirror-by-digest-only

true or false. If true, mirrors will only be used during pulling if the image reference includes a digest. Referencing an image by digest ensures that the same is always used (whereas referencing an image by a tag may cause different registries to return different images if the tag mapping is out of sync).

Note that if this is true, images referenced by a tag will only use the primary registry, failing if that registry is not accessible.

Note: Redirection and mirrors are currently processed only when reading images, not when pushing to a registry; that may change in the future.

Normalization of docker.io references

The Docker Hub docker.io is handled in a special way: every push and pull operation gets internally normalized with /library if no other specific namespace is defined (for example on docker.io/namespace/image).

(Note that the above-described normalization happens to match the behavior of Docker.)

This means that a pull of docker.io/alpine will be internally translated to docker.io/library/alpine. A pull of docker.io/user/alpine will not be rewritten because this is already the correct remote path.

Therefore, to remap or mirror the docker.io images in the (implied) /library namespace (or that whole namespace), the prefix and location fields in this configuration file must explicitly include that /library namespace. For example prefix = "docker.io/library/alpine" and not prefix = "docker.io/alpine". The latter would match the docker.io/alpine/* repositories but not the docker.io/[library/]alpine image).

EXAMPLE

unqualified-search-registries = ["example.com"]

[[registry]]
prefix = "example.com/foo"
insecure = false
blocked = false
location = "internal-registry-for-example.com/bar"

[[registry.mirror]]
location = "example-mirror-0.local/mirror-for-foo"

[[registry.mirror]]
location = "example-mirror-1.local/mirrors/foo"
insecure = true

Given the above, a pull of example.com/foo/image:latest will try: 1. example-mirror-0.local/mirror-for-foo/image:latest 2. example-mirror-1.local/mirrors/foo/image:latest 3. internal-registry-for-example.net/bar/myimage:latest

in order, and use the first one that exists.

VERSION 1

VERSION 1 can be used as alternative to the VERSION 2, but it does not support using registry mirrors, longest-prefix matches, or location rewriting.

The TOML format is used to build a simple list of registries under three categories: registries.search, registries.insecure, and registries.block. You can list multiple registries using a comma separated list.

Search registries are used when the caller of a container runtime does not fully specify the container image that they want to execute. These registries are prepended onto the front of the specified container image until the named image is found at a registry.

Note that insecure registries can be used for any registry, not just the registries listed under search.

The registries.insecure and registries.block lists have the same meaning as the insecure and blocked fields in VERSION 2.

EXAMPLE

The following example configuration defines two searchable registries, one insecure registry, and two blocked registries.

[registries.search]
registries = ['registry1.com', 'registry2.com']

[registries.insecure]
registries = ['registry3.com']

[registries.block]
registries = ['registry.untrusted.com', 'registry.unsafe.com']

NOTE: RISK OF USING UNQUALIFIED IMAGE NAMES.

Pulling an image that is not fully qualified, i.e., one that includes the image name but does not include the registry or tag, is not recommended. There is a risk that the image being pulled could be spoofed. An example of this would be if a user wanted to pull an image named foobar from a registry and expect it to come from myregistry.com. If myregistry.com is not first in the search list, an attacker could place a different foobar image at a registry earlier in the search list. Now you would accidentally run the attackers code rather than the intended content. Registries that are added to this list should be completely controlled, i.e., not allow unknown/arbitrary users being able to create accounts with arbitrary names to prevent an image from being spoofed, squatted or otherwise made insecure. If it is necessary to use one of these registries, it should be added at the end of the list.

It is recommended to use fully-qualified images for pulling as the destination registry is unambiguous. Pulling by digest (i.e., quay.io/repository/name@digest) further eliminates the ambiguity of tags.

HISTORY

Dec 2019, Warning added for unqualified image names by Tom Sweeney tsweeney@redhat.com

Mar 2019, Added additional configuration format by Sascha Grunert sgrunert@suse.com

Aug 2018, Renamed to containers-registries.conf(5) by Valentin Rothberg vrothberg@suse.com

Jun 2018, Updated by Tom Sweeney tsweeney@redhat.com

Aug 2017, Originally compiled by Brent Baude bbaude@redhat.com