297 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
297 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
pyproject RPM macros
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====================
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These macros allow projects that follow the Python [packaging specifications]
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to be packaged as RPMs.
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They are still *provisional*: we can make non-backwards-compatible changes to
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the API.
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Please subscribe to Fedora's [python-devel list] if you use the macros.
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They work for:
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* traditional Setuptools-based projects that use the `setup.py` file,
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* newer Setuptools-based projects that have a `setup.cfg` file,
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* general Python projects that use the [PEP 517] `pyproject.toml` file (which allows using any build system, such as setuptools, flit or poetry).
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These macros replace `%py3_build` and `%py3_install`, which only work with `setup.py`.
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[packaging specifications]: https://packaging.python.org/specifications/
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[python-devel list]: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/python-devel@lists.fedoraproject.org/
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Usage
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-----
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To use these macros, first BuildRequire them:
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BuildRequires: pyproject-rpm-macros
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Also BuildRequire the devel package for the Python you are building against.
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In Fedora, that's `python3-devel`.
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(In the future, we plan to make `python3-devel` itself require
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`pyproject-rpm-macros`.)
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Next, you need to generate more build dependencies (of your projects and
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the macros themselves) by running `%pyproject_buildrequires` in the
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`%generate_buildrequires` section:
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%generate_buildrequires
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%pyproject_buildrequires
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This will add build dependencies according to [PEP 517] and [PEP 518].
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To also add run-time and test-time dependencies, see the section below.
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If you need more dependencies, such as non-Python libraries, BuildRequire
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them manually.
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Note that `%generate_buildrequires` may produce error messages `(exit 11)` in
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the build log. This is expected behavior of BuildRequires generators; see
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[the Fedora change] for details.
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[the Fedora change]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DynamicBuildRequires
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Then, build a wheel in `%build` with `%pyproject_wheel`:
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%build
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%pyproject_wheel
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And install the wheel in `%install` with `%pyproject_install`:
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%install
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%pyproject_install
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`%pyproject_install` installs all wheels in `$PWD/pyproject-wheeldir/`.
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Adding run-time and test-time dependencies
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------------------------------------------
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To run tests in the `%check` section, the package's runtime dependencies
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often need to also be included as build requirements.
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This can be done using the `-r` flag:
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%generate_buildrequires
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%pyproject_buildrequires -r
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For this to work, the project's build system must support the
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[`prepare-metadata-for-build-wheel` hook](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0517/#prepare-metadata-for-build-wheel).
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The popular buildsystems (setuptools, flit, poetry) do support it.
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For projects that specify test requirements using an [`extra`
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provide](https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#provides-extra-multiple-use),
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these can be added using the `-x` flag.
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Multiple extras can be supplied by repeating the flag or as a comma separated list.
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For example, if upstream suggests installing test dependencies with
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`pip install mypackage[testing]`, the test deps would be generated by:
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%generate_buildrequires
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%pyproject_buildrequires -x testing
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For projects that specify test requirements in their [tox] configuration,
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these can be added using the `-t` flag (default tox environment)
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or the `-e` flag followed by the tox environment.
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The default tox environment (such as `py37` assuming the Fedora's Python version is 3.7)
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is available in the `%{toxenv}` macro.
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For example, if upstream suggests running the tests on Python 3.7 with `tox -e py37`,
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the test deps would be generated by:
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%generate_buildrequires
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%pyproject_buildrequires -t
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If upstream uses a custom derived environment, such as `py37-unit`, use:
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%pyproject_buildrequires -e %{toxenv}-unit
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Or specify more environments if needed:
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%pyproject_buildrequires -e %{toxenv}-unit,%{toxenv}-integration
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The `-e` option redefines `%{toxenv}` for further reuse.
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Use `%{default_toxenv}` to get the default value.
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The `-t`/`-e` option uses [tox-current-env]'s `--print-deps-to-file` behind the scenes.
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Note that both `-x` and `-t` imply `-r`,
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because runtime dependencies are always required for testing.
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[tox]: https://tox.readthedocs.io/
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[tox-current-env]: https://github.com/fedora-python/tox-current-env/
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Running tox based tests
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-----------------------
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In case you want to run the tests as specified in [tox] configuration,
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you must use `%pyproject_buildrequires` with `-t` or `-e` as explained above.
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Then, use the `%tox` macro in `%check`:
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%check
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%tox
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The macro:
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- Always prepends `$PATH` with `%{buildroot}%{_bindir}`
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- If not defined, sets `$PYTHONPATH` to `%{buildroot}%{python3_sitearch}:%{buildroot}%{python3_sitelib}`
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- If not defined, sets `$TOX_TESTENV_PASSENV` to `*`
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- Runs `tox` with `-q` (quiet), `--recreate` and `--current-env` (from [tox-current-env]) flags
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- Implicitly uses the tox environment name stored in `%{toxenv}` - as overridden by `%pyproject_buildrequires -e`
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By using the `-e` flag, you can use a different tox environment(s):
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%check
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%tox
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%if %{with integration_test}
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%tox -e %{default_toxenv}-integration
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%endif
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If you wish to provide custom `tox` flags or arguments, add them after `--`:
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%tox -- --flag-for-tox
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If you wish to pass custom `posargs` to tox, use another `--`:
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%tox -- --flag-for-tox -- --flag-for-posargs
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Or (note the two sequential `--`s):
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%tox -- -- --flag-for-posargs
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Generating the %files section
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-----------------------------
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To generate the list of files in the `%files` section, you can use `%pyproject_save_files` after the `%pyproject_install` macro.
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It takes toplevel module names (i.e. the names used with `import` in Python) and stores paths for those modules and metadata for the package (dist-info directory) to a file stored at `%{pyproject_files}`.
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For example, if a package provides the modules `requests` and `_requests`, write:
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%install
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%pyproject_install
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%pyproject_save_files requests _requests
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To add listed files to the `%files` section, use `%files -f %{pyproject_files}`.
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Note that you still need to add any documentation and license manually (for now).
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%files -n python3-requests -f %{pyproject_files}
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%doc README.rst
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%license LICENSE
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You can use globs in the module names if listing them explicitly would be too tedious:
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%install
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%pyproject_install
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%pyproject_save_files '*requests'
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In fully automated environments, you can use the `*` glob to include all modules (put it in single quotes to prevent Shell from expanding it). In Fedora however, you should always use a more specific glob to avoid accidentally packaging unwanted files (for example, a top level module named `test`).
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Speaking about automated environments, some files cannot be classified with `%pyproject_save_files`, but it is possible to list all unclassified files by adding a special `+auto` argument.
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%install
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%pyproject_install
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%pyproject_save_files '*' +auto
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%files -n python3-requests -f %{pyproject_files}
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However, in Fedora packages, always list executables explicitly to avoid unintended collisions with other packages or accidental missing executables:
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%install
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%pyproject_install
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%pyproject_save_files requests _requests
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%files -n python3-requests -f %{pyproject_files}
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%doc README.rst
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%license LICENSE
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%{_bindir}/downloader
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`%pyproject_save_files` also automatically recognizes language (`*.mo`) files and marks them with `%lang` macro and appropriate language code.
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Note that RPM might warn about such files listed twice:
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warning: File listed twice: /usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/conf/locale/af/LC_MESSAGES/django.mo
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The warning is harmless.
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Generating Extras subpackages
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-----------------------------
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The `%pyproject_extras_subpkg` macro generates simple subpackage(s)
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for Python extras.
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The macro should be placed after the base package's `%description` to avoid
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issues in building the SRPM.
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For example, if the `requests` project's metadata defines the extras
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`security` and `socks`, the following invocation will generate the subpackage
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`python3-requests+security` that provides `python3dist(requests[security])`,
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and a similar one for `socks`.
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%pyproject_extras_subpkg -n python3-requests security socks
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The macro works like `%python_extras_subpkg`,
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except the `-i`/`-f`/`-F` arguments are optional and discouraged.
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A filelist written by `%pyproject_install` is used by default.
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For more information on `%python_extras_subpkg`, see the [Fedora change].
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[Fedora change]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/PythonExtras
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These arguments are still required:
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* -n: name of the “base” package (e.g. python3-requests)
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* Positional arguments: the extra name(s).
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Multiple subpackages are generated when multiple names are provided.
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The macro does nothing on Fedora 32 and lower, as automation around
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extras was only added in f33.
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Limitations
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-----------
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`%pyproject_install` changes shebang lines of every Python script in `%{buildroot}%{_bindir}` to `#!%{__python3} %{py3_shbang_opt}` (`#!/usr/bin/python3 -s`).
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Existing Python flags in shebangs are preserved.
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For example `#!/usr/bin/python3 -Ru` will be updated to `#!/usr/bin/python3 -sRu`.
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Sometimes, this can interfere with tests that run such scripts directly by name,
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because in tests we usually rely on `PYTHONPATH` (and `-s` ignores that).
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Would this behavior be undesired for any reason,
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undefine `%{py3_shbang_opt}` to turn it off.
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Some valid Python version specifiers are not supported.
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[PEP 517]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0517/
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[PEP 518]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/
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Testing the macros
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------------------
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This repository has two kinds of tests.
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First, there is RPM `%check` section, run when building the `python-rpm-macros`
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package.
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Then there are CI tests.
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There is currently [no way to run Fedora CI tests locally][ci-rfe],
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but you can do what the tests do manually using mock.
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For each `$PKG.spec` in `tests/`:
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- clean your mock environment:
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mock -r fedora-rawhide-x86_64 clean
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- install the version of `python-rpm-macros` you're testing, e.g.:
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mock -r fedora-rawhide-x86_64 install .../python-rpm-macros-*.noarch.rpm
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- download the sources:
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spectool -g -R $PKG.spec
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- build a SRPM:
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rpmbuild -bs $PKG.spec
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- build in mock, using the path from the command above as `$SRPM`:
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mock -r fedora-rawhide-x86_64 -n -N $SRPM
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[ci-rfe]: https://pagure.io/fedora-ci/general/issue/4
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