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add read-only UDS port

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Resolves: #1979954
This commit is contained in:
Miroslav Lichvar 2021-08-02 16:14:41 +02:00
parent 3cb7a15496
commit e11a365cb8
2 changed files with 617 additions and 0 deletions
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614
linuxptp-udsro.patch Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
Patches backported from the upstream repository.
commit acc045034dd0db9dd4c4aca4b26528f8fed2ae78
Author: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
Date: Thu Feb 11 16:47:08 2021 +0100
port: Ignore non-management messages on UDS port.
Drop non-management messages on the UDS port early in the processing to
prevent them from changing the port or clock state.
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
diff --git a/port.c b/port.c
index fa49663..3fd06b1 100644
--- a/port.c
+++ b/port.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ enum syfu_event {
};
static int port_is_ieee8021as(struct port *p);
+static int port_is_uds(struct port *p);
static void port_nrate_initialize(struct port *p);
static int announce_compare(struct ptp_message *m1, struct ptp_message *m2)
@@ -691,6 +692,9 @@ static int port_ignore(struct port *p, struct ptp_message *m)
{
struct ClockIdentity c1, c2;
+ if (port_is_uds(p) && msg_type(m) != MANAGEMENT) {
+ return 1;
+ }
if (incapable_ignore(p, m)) {
return 1;
}
@@ -771,6 +775,11 @@ static int port_is_ieee8021as(struct port *p)
return p->follow_up_info ? 1 : 0;
}
+static int port_is_uds(struct port *p)
+{
+ return transport_type(p->trp) == TRANS_UDS;
+}
+
static void port_management_send_error(struct port *p, struct port *ingress,
struct ptp_message *msg, int error_id)
{
commit 72ec806fa62a87cb7e5444e27fa6bdcbfe4e27ca
Author: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
Date: Thu Feb 11 16:47:09 2021 +0100
clock: Don't allow COMMAND action on non-UDS port.
No COMMAND actions are currently supported, but check the port early in
clock_manage() before reaching port_manage().
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
diff --git a/clock.c b/clock.c
index a66d189..a6947bc 100644
--- a/clock.c
+++ b/clock.c
@@ -1423,6 +1423,11 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
return changed;
break;
case COMMAND:
+ if (p != c->uds_port) {
+ /* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS port. */
+ clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+ return changed;
+ }
break;
default:
return changed;
commit 2b45d80eadcb81c8bdf45baf98dabeebd912b1b0
Author: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
Date: Thu Feb 11 16:47:10 2021 +0100
clock: Rename UDS variables to read-write.
In preparation for a new read-only UDS port, rename variables of the
current UDS port to make it clear it is read-write, as opposed to
read-only.
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
diff --git a/clock.c b/clock.c
index a6947bc..d013b19 100644
--- a/clock.c
+++ b/clock.c
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ struct clock {
struct foreign_clock *best;
struct ClockIdentity best_id;
LIST_HEAD(ports_head, port) ports;
- struct port *uds_port;
+ struct port *uds_rw_port;
struct pollfd *pollfd;
int pollfd_valid;
int nports; /* does not include the UDS port */
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ struct clock {
struct clock_stats stats;
int stats_interval;
struct clockcheck *sanity_check;
- struct interface *udsif;
+ struct interface *uds_rw_if;
LIST_HEAD(clock_subscribers_head, clock_subscriber) subscribers;
struct monitor *slave_event_monitor;
};
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ void clock_send_notification(struct clock *c, struct ptp_message *msg,
{
unsigned int event_pos = event / 8;
uint8_t mask = 1 << (event % 8);
- struct port *uds = c->uds_port;
+ struct port *uds = c->uds_rw_port;
struct clock_subscriber *s;
LIST_FOREACH(s, &c->subscribers, list) {
@@ -267,13 +267,13 @@ void clock_destroy(struct clock *c)
{
struct port *p, *tmp;
- interface_destroy(c->udsif);
+ interface_destroy(c->uds_rw_if);
clock_flush_subscriptions(c);
LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(p, &c->ports, list, tmp) {
clock_remove_port(c, p);
}
monitor_destroy(c->slave_event_monitor);
- port_close(c->uds_port);
+ port_close(c->uds_rw_port);
free(c->pollfd);
if (c->clkid != CLOCK_REALTIME) {
phc_close(c->clkid);
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ static int clock_management_fill_response(struct clock *c, struct port *p,
datalen = sizeof(*gsn);
break;
case TLV_SUBSCRIBE_EVENTS_NP:
- if (p != c->uds_port) {
+ if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
/* Only the UDS port allowed. */
break;
}
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ static int forwarding(struct clock *c, struct port *p)
default:
break;
}
- if (p == c->uds_port && ps != PS_FAULTY) {
+ if (p == c->uds_rw_port && ps != PS_FAULTY) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
@@ -1044,20 +1044,20 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
/* Configure the UDS. */
uds_ifname = config_get_string(config, NULL, "uds_address");
- c->udsif = interface_create(uds_ifname);
- if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->udsif),
+ c->uds_rw_if = interface_create(uds_ifname);
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_rw_if),
"announceReceiptTimeout", 0)) {
return NULL;
}
- if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->udsif),
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_rw_if),
"delay_mechanism", DM_AUTO)) {
return NULL;
}
- if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->udsif),
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_rw_if),
"network_transport", TRANS_UDS)) {
return NULL;
}
- if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->udsif),
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_rw_if),
"delay_filter_length", 1)) {
return NULL;
}
@@ -1180,14 +1180,15 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
}
/* Create the UDS interface. */
- c->uds_port = port_open(phc_device, phc_index, timestamping, 0, c->udsif, c);
- if (!c->uds_port) {
+ c->uds_rw_port = port_open(phc_device, phc_index, timestamping, 0,
+ c->uds_rw_if, c);
+ if (!c->uds_rw_port) {
pr_err("failed to open the UDS port");
return NULL;
}
clock_fda_changed(c);
- c->slave_event_monitor = monitor_create(config, c->uds_port);
+ c->slave_event_monitor = monitor_create(config, c->uds_rw_port);
if (!c->slave_event_monitor) {
pr_err("failed to create slave event monitor");
return NULL;
@@ -1206,7 +1207,7 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
LIST_FOREACH(p, &c->ports, list) {
port_dispatch(p, EV_INITIALIZE, 0);
}
- port_dispatch(c->uds_port, EV_INITIALIZE, 0);
+ port_dispatch(c->uds_rw_port, EV_INITIALIZE, 0);
return c;
}
@@ -1314,7 +1315,7 @@ static void clock_check_pollfd(struct clock *c)
clock_fill_pollfd(dest, p);
dest += N_CLOCK_PFD;
}
- clock_fill_pollfd(dest, c->uds_port);
+ clock_fill_pollfd(dest, c->uds_rw_port);
c->pollfd_valid = 1;
}
@@ -1331,7 +1332,7 @@ static int clock_do_forward_mgmt(struct clock *c,
return 0;
/* Don't forward any requests to the UDS port. */
- if (out == c->uds_port) {
+ if (out == c->uds_rw_port) {
switch (management_action(msg)) {
case GET:
case SET:
@@ -1362,7 +1363,7 @@ static void clock_forward_mgmt_msg(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_m
pr_err("port %d: management forward failed",
port_number(piter));
}
- if (clock_do_forward_mgmt(c, p, c->uds_port, msg, &msg_ready))
+ if (clock_do_forward_mgmt(c, p, c->uds_rw_port, msg, &msg_ready))
pr_err("uds port: management forward failed");
if (msg_ready) {
msg_post_recv(msg, pdulen);
@@ -1414,7 +1415,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_WRONG_LENGTH);
return changed;
}
- if (p != c->uds_port) {
+ if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
/* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS port. */
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
return changed;
@@ -1423,7 +1424,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
return changed;
break;
case COMMAND:
- if (p != c->uds_port) {
+ if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
/* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS port. */
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
return changed;
@@ -1435,7 +1436,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
switch (mgt->id) {
case TLV_PORT_PROPERTIES_NP:
- if (p != c->uds_port) {
+ if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
/* Only the UDS port allowed. */
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
return 0;
@@ -1500,7 +1501,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
void clock_notify_event(struct clock *c, enum notification event)
{
- struct port *uds = c->uds_port;
+ struct port *uds = c->uds_rw_port;
struct PortIdentity pid = port_identity(uds);
struct ptp_message *msg;
int id;
@@ -1604,7 +1605,7 @@ int clock_poll(struct clock *c)
/* Check the UDS port. */
for (i = 0; i < N_POLLFD; i++) {
if (cur[i].revents & (POLLIN|POLLPRI)) {
- event = port_event(c->uds_port, i);
+ event = port_event(c->uds_rw_port, i);
if (EV_STATE_DECISION_EVENT == event) {
c->sde = 1;
}
commit 1f74a16502b55ce8eaed3d7488542e5469ac8263
Author: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
Date: Thu Feb 11 16:47:11 2021 +0100
clock: Add read-only UDS port for monitoring.
Add a second UDS port to allow untrusted applications to monitor ptp4l.
On this "read-only" UDS port disable non-GET actions and forwarding.
The path can be configured with the uds_ro_address option (default is
/var/run/ptp4lro).
Forwarding is disabled to limit the access to the local ptp4l instance.
Subscriptions are not enabled to prevent the applications from making a
large number of subscriptions or interfere with applications that have
access to the read-write UDS port.
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
diff --git a/clock.c b/clock.c
index d013b19..8592d29 100644
--- a/clock.c
+++ b/clock.c
@@ -96,9 +96,10 @@ struct clock {
struct ClockIdentity best_id;
LIST_HEAD(ports_head, port) ports;
struct port *uds_rw_port;
+ struct port *uds_ro_port;
struct pollfd *pollfd;
int pollfd_valid;
- int nports; /* does not include the UDS port */
+ int nports; /* does not include the two UDS ports */
int last_port_number;
int sde;
int free_running;
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ struct clock {
int stats_interval;
struct clockcheck *sanity_check;
struct interface *uds_rw_if;
+ struct interface *uds_ro_if;
LIST_HEAD(clock_subscribers_head, clock_subscriber) subscribers;
struct monitor *slave_event_monitor;
};
@@ -268,12 +270,14 @@ void clock_destroy(struct clock *c)
struct port *p, *tmp;
interface_destroy(c->uds_rw_if);
+ interface_destroy(c->uds_ro_if);
clock_flush_subscriptions(c);
LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(p, &c->ports, list, tmp) {
clock_remove_port(c, p);
}
monitor_destroy(c->slave_event_monitor);
port_close(c->uds_rw_port);
+ port_close(c->uds_ro_port);
free(c->pollfd);
if (c->clkid != CLOCK_REALTIME) {
phc_close(c->clkid);
@@ -443,7 +447,7 @@ static int clock_management_fill_response(struct clock *c, struct port *p,
break;
case TLV_SUBSCRIBE_EVENTS_NP:
if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
- /* Only the UDS port allowed. */
+ /* Only the UDS-RW port allowed. */
break;
}
sen = (struct subscribe_events_np *)tlv->data;
@@ -774,6 +778,10 @@ static int clock_utc_correct(struct clock *c, tmv_t ingress)
static int forwarding(struct clock *c, struct port *p)
{
enum port_state ps = port_state(p);
+
+ if (p == c->uds_ro_port)
+ return 0;
+
switch (ps) {
case PS_MASTER:
case PS_GRAND_MASTER:
@@ -818,7 +826,7 @@ static int clock_add_port(struct clock *c, const char *phc_device,
{
struct port *p, *piter, *lastp = NULL;
- if (clock_resize_pollfd(c, c->nports + 1)) {
+ if (clock_resize_pollfd(c, c->nports + 2)) {
return -1;
}
p = port_open(phc_device, phc_index, timestamping,
@@ -1043,6 +1051,7 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
}
/* Configure the UDS. */
+
uds_ifname = config_get_string(config, NULL, "uds_address");
c->uds_rw_if = interface_create(uds_ifname);
if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_rw_if),
@@ -1062,6 +1071,25 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
return NULL;
}
+ uds_ifname = config_get_string(config, NULL, "uds_ro_address");
+ c->uds_ro_if = interface_create(uds_ifname);
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_ro_if),
+ "announceReceiptTimeout", 0)) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_ro_if),
+ "delay_mechanism", DM_AUTO)) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_ro_if),
+ "network_transport", TRANS_UDS)) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ if (config_set_section_int(config, interface_name(c->uds_ro_if),
+ "delay_filter_length", 1)) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
c->config = config;
c->free_running = config_get_int(config, NULL, "free_running");
c->freq_est_interval = config_get_int(config, NULL, "freq_est_interval");
@@ -1179,11 +1207,18 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
return NULL;
}
- /* Create the UDS interface. */
+ /* Create the UDS interfaces. */
+
c->uds_rw_port = port_open(phc_device, phc_index, timestamping, 0,
c->uds_rw_if, c);
if (!c->uds_rw_port) {
- pr_err("failed to open the UDS port");
+ pr_err("failed to open the UDS-RW port");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ c->uds_ro_port = port_open(phc_device, phc_index, timestamping, 0,
+ c->uds_ro_if, c);
+ if (!c->uds_ro_port) {
+ pr_err("failed to open the UDS-RO port");
return NULL;
}
clock_fda_changed(c);
@@ -1208,6 +1243,7 @@ struct clock *clock_create(enum clock_type type, struct config *config,
port_dispatch(p, EV_INITIALIZE, 0);
}
port_dispatch(c->uds_rw_port, EV_INITIALIZE, 0);
+ port_dispatch(c->uds_ro_port, EV_INITIALIZE, 0);
return c;
}
@@ -1278,9 +1314,9 @@ static int clock_resize_pollfd(struct clock *c, int new_nports)
{
struct pollfd *new_pollfd;
- /* Need to allocate one whole extra block of fds for UDS. */
+ /* Need to allocate two whole extra blocks of fds for UDS ports. */
new_pollfd = realloc(c->pollfd,
- (new_nports + 1) * N_CLOCK_PFD *
+ (new_nports + 2) * N_CLOCK_PFD *
sizeof(struct pollfd));
if (!new_pollfd) {
return -1;
@@ -1316,6 +1352,8 @@ static void clock_check_pollfd(struct clock *c)
dest += N_CLOCK_PFD;
}
clock_fill_pollfd(dest, c->uds_rw_port);
+ dest += N_CLOCK_PFD;
+ clock_fill_pollfd(dest, c->uds_ro_port);
c->pollfd_valid = 1;
}
@@ -1331,7 +1369,8 @@ static int clock_do_forward_mgmt(struct clock *c,
if (in == out || !forwarding(c, out))
return 0;
- /* Don't forward any requests to the UDS port. */
+ /* Don't forward any requests to the UDS-RW port
+ (the UDS-RO port doesn't allow any forwarding). */
if (out == c->uds_rw_port) {
switch (management_action(msg)) {
case GET:
@@ -1416,7 +1455,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
return changed;
}
if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
- /* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS port. */
+ /* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS-RW port. */
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
return changed;
}
@@ -1425,7 +1464,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
break;
case COMMAND:
if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
- /* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS port. */
+ /* Sorry, only allowed on the UDS-RW port. */
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
return changed;
}
@@ -1437,7 +1476,7 @@ int clock_manage(struct clock *c, struct port *p, struct ptp_message *msg)
switch (mgt->id) {
case TLV_PORT_PROPERTIES_NP:
if (p != c->uds_rw_port) {
- /* Only the UDS port allowed. */
+ /* Only the UDS-RW port allowed. */
clock_management_send_error(p, msg, TLV_NOT_SUPPORTED);
return 0;
}
@@ -1548,7 +1587,7 @@ int clock_poll(struct clock *c)
struct port *p;
clock_check_pollfd(c);
- cnt = poll(c->pollfd, (c->nports + 1) * N_CLOCK_PFD, -1);
+ cnt = poll(c->pollfd, (c->nports + 2) * N_CLOCK_PFD, -1);
if (cnt < 0) {
if (EINTR == errno) {
return 0;
@@ -1602,7 +1641,7 @@ int clock_poll(struct clock *c)
cur += N_CLOCK_PFD;
}
- /* Check the UDS port. */
+ /* Check the UDS ports. */
for (i = 0; i < N_POLLFD; i++) {
if (cur[i].revents & (POLLIN|POLLPRI)) {
event = port_event(c->uds_rw_port, i);
@@ -1611,6 +1650,13 @@ int clock_poll(struct clock *c)
}
}
}
+ cur += N_CLOCK_PFD;
+ for (i = 0; i < N_POLLFD; i++) {
+ if (cur[i].revents & (POLLIN|POLLPRI)) {
+ event = port_event(c->uds_ro_port, i);
+ /* sde is not expected on the UDS-RO port */
+ }
+ }
if (c->sde) {
handle_state_decision_event(c);
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index d237de9..96a5351 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -323,6 +323,7 @@ struct config_item config_tab[] = {
PORT_ITEM_INT("udp_ttl", 1, 1, 255),
PORT_ITEM_INT("udp6_scope", 0x0E, 0x00, 0x0F),
GLOB_ITEM_STR("uds_address", "/var/run/ptp4l"),
+ GLOB_ITEM_STR("uds_ro_address", "/var/run/ptp4lro"),
PORT_ITEM_INT("unicast_listen", 0, 0, 1),
PORT_ITEM_INT("unicast_master_table", 0, 0, INT_MAX),
PORT_ITEM_INT("unicast_req_duration", 3600, 10, INT_MAX),
diff --git a/configs/default.cfg b/configs/default.cfg
index 8c19129..d5bab7d 100644
--- a/configs/default.cfg
+++ b/configs/default.cfg
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ p2p_dst_mac 01:80:C2:00:00:0E
udp_ttl 1
udp6_scope 0x0E
uds_address /var/run/ptp4l
+uds_ro_address /var/run/ptp4lro
#
# Default interface options
#
diff --git a/ptp4l.8 b/ptp4l.8
index b179b81..f9bd228 100644
--- a/ptp4l.8
+++ b/ptp4l.8
@@ -615,6 +615,12 @@ is only relevant with IPv6 transport. See RFC 4291. The default is
Specifies the address of the UNIX domain socket for receiving local
management messages. The default is /var/run/ptp4l.
.TP
+.B uds_ro_address
+Specifies the address of the second UNIX domain socket for receiving local
+management messages, which is restricted to GET actions and does not forward
+messages to other ports. Access to this socket can be given to untrusted
+applications for monitoring purposes. The default is /var/run/ptp4lro.
+.TP
.B dscp_event
Defines the Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP) to be used for PTP
event messages. Must be a value between 0 and 63. There are several media
commit d4c5343237588d265c605f3772337bc88cabe787
Author: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
Date: Thu Feb 11 16:47:12 2021 +0100
timemaster: Set uds_ro_address for ptp4l instances.
This prevents conflicts on the new UDS-RO port.
Signed-off-by: Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
diff --git a/timemaster.c b/timemaster.c
index 00db59f..02408d6 100644
--- a/timemaster.c
+++ b/timemaster.c
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ static int add_ptp_source(struct ptp_domain *source,
char **ntp_config, struct script *script)
{
struct config_file *config_file;
- char **command, *uds_path, **interfaces, *message_tag;
+ char **command, *uds_path, *uds_path2, **interfaces, *message_tag;
char ts_interface[IF_NAMESIZE];
int i, j, num_interfaces, *phc, *phcs, hw_ts, sw_ts;
struct sk_ts_info ts_info;
@@ -809,6 +809,8 @@ static int add_ptp_source(struct ptp_domain *source,
uds_path = string_newf("%s/ptp4l.%d.socket",
config->rundir, *shm_segment);
+ uds_path2 = string_newf("%s/ptp4lro.%d.socket",
+ config->rundir, *shm_segment);
message_tag = string_newf("[%d", source->domain);
for (j = 0; interfaces[j]; j++)
@@ -832,8 +834,10 @@ static int add_ptp_source(struct ptp_domain *source,
"slaveOnly 1\n"
"domainNumber %d\n"
"uds_address %s\n"
+ "uds_ro_address %s\n"
"message_tag %s\n",
- source->domain, uds_path, message_tag);
+ source->domain, uds_path, uds_path2,
+ message_tag);
if (phcs[i] >= 0) {
/* HW time stamping */
@@ -868,6 +872,7 @@ static int add_ptp_source(struct ptp_domain *source,
free(message_tag);
free(uds_path);
+ free(uds_path2);
free(interfaces);
}

3
linuxptp.spec
View File

@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ Patch2: linuxptp-classthreshold.patch
Patch3: linuxptp-deftxtout.patch
# limit unicast message rate per address and grant duration
Patch4: linuxptp-ucastrate.patch
# add read-only UDS port
Patch5: linuxptp-udsro.patch
# fix quoting in ptp4l man page
Patch7: linuxptp-manfix.patch
# close lstab file after use
@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ Supporting legacy APIs and other platforms is not a goal.
%patch2 -p1 -b .classthreshold
%patch3 -p1 -b .deftxtout
%patch4 -p1 -b .ucastrate
%patch5 -p1 -b .udsro
%patch7 -p1 -b .manfix
%patch8 -p1 -b .fclose
%patch9 -p1 -b .zerolength