Add a helper kdump_get_conf_val to replace get_option_value.
It can help cover more corner cases in the code, like when there are
multiple spaces in config file, config value separated by a tab,
heading spaces, or trailing comments.
And this uses "sed group command" and "sed hold buffer", make it much
faster than previous `grep <config> | tail -1`.
This helper is supposed to provide a universal way for kexec-tools
scripts to read in config value. Currently, different scripts are
reading the config in many different fragile ways.
For example, following codes are found in kexec-tools script code base:
1. grep ^force_rebuild $KDUMP_CONFIG_FILE
echo $_force_rebuild | cut -d' ' -f2
2. grep ^kdump_post $KDUMP_CONFIG_FILE | cut -d\ -f2
3. awk '/^sshkey/ {print $2}' $conf_file
4. grep ^path $KDUMP_CONFIG_FILE | cut -d' ' -f2-
1, 2, and 4 will fail if the space is replaced by, e.g. a tab
1 and 2 might fail if there are multiple spaces between config name
and config value:
"kdump_post /var/crash/scripts/kdump-post.sh"
A space will be read instead of config value.
1, 2, 3 will fail if there are space in file path, like:
"kdump_post /var/crash/scripts dir/kdump-post.sh"
4 will fail if there are trailing comments:
"path /var/crash # some comment here"
And all will fail if there are heading space,
" path /var/crash"
And all will most likely cause problems if the config file contains
the same option more than once.
And all of them are slower than the new sed call. Old get_option_value
is also very slow and doesn't handle heading space.
Although we never claim to support heading space or tailing comments
before, it's harmless to be more robust on config reading, and many
conf files in /etc support heading spaces. And have a faster and
safer config reading helper makes it easier to clean up the code.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@redhat.com>
Add a helper `kdump_read_conf` to replace read_strip_comments.
`kdump_read_conf` does a few more things:
- remove trailing spaces.
- format the content, remove duplicated spaces between name and value.
- read from KDUMP_CONFIG_FILE (/etc/kdump.conf) directly, avoid pasting
"/etc/kdump.conf" path everywhere in the code.
- check if config file exists, just in case.
Also unify the environmental variable, now KDUMP_CONFIG_FILE stands for
the default config location.
This helps avoid some shell pitfalls about spaces when reading config.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@redhat.com>
In newer kernel, crashkernel.default will contain the default
crashkernel value of a kernel build. So introduce a new sub command
to help user reset kernel crashkernel size to the default value.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
After fadump embedded the fadump initramfs in the normal initramfs,
kdumpctl will mistakenly rebuild the initramfs everytime.
kdumpctl checks the hostonly-kernel-modules.txt file in initramfs
to check if required drivers are included, but the normal initramfs
is built in non-hostonly mode, so it doesn't have a
hostonly-kernel-modules.txt file. The check will always fail.
So let mkfadumprd make a copy of the hostonly-kernel-modules.txt in the
fadump initramfs and let kdumpctl check that file instead.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
In case of fadump, the initramfs image has to be built to boot into
the production environment as well as to offload the active crash dump
to the specified dump target (for boot after crash). As the same image
would be used for both boot scenarios, it could not be built optimally
while accommodating both cases.
Use --include to include the initramfs image built for offloading
active crash dump to the specified dump target. Also, introduce a new
out-of-tree dracut module (99zz-fadumpinit) that installs a customized
init program while moving the default /init to /init.dracut. This
customized init program is leveraged to isolate fadump image within
the default initramfs image by kicking off default boot process
(exec /init.dracut) for regular boot scenario and activating fadump
initramfs image, if the system is booting after a crash.
If squash is available, ensure default initramfs image is also built
with squash module to reduce memory consumption in capture kernel.
Signed-off-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Add a rough esitimation support, currently, following memory usage are
checked by this sub command:
- System RAM
- Kdump Initramfs size
- Kdump Kernel image size
- Kdump Kernel module size
- Kdump userspace user and other runtime allocated memory (currently
simply using a fixed value: 64M)
- LUKS encryption memory usage
The output of kdumpctl estimate looks like this:
# kdumpctl estimate
Reserved crashkernel: 256M
Recommanded crashkernel: 160M
Kernel image size: 47M
Kernel modules size: 12M
Initramfs size: 19M
Runtime reservation: 64M
Large modules:
xfs: 1892352
nouveau: 2318336
And if the kdump target is encrypted:
# kdumpctl estimate
Encrypted kdump target requires extra memory, assuming using the keyslot with minimun memory requirement
Reserved crashkernel: 256M
Recommanded crashkernel: 655M
Kernel image size: 47M
Kernel modules size: 12M
Initramfs size: 19M
Runtime reservation: 64M
LUKS required size: 512M
Large modules:
xfs: 1892352
nouveau: 2318336
WARNING: Current crashkernel size is lower than recommanded size 655M.
The "Recommanded" value is calculated based on memory usages mentioned
above, and will be adjusted accodingly to be no less than the value provided
by kdump_get_arch_recommend_size.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Kdump scirpt already have default values for core_collector, path in
many other place. Empty kdump.conf still works. Fix this corner case and
fix the error message.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
The `/boot` directory on some operating systems might be read-only.
If we cannot write to `$KDUMP_BOOTDIR` when generating the kdump
initrd, attempt to place the generated initrd at `/var/lib/kdump`
instead.
Signed-off by: Kelvin Fan <kelvinfan001@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
On ppc64le LPAR, secure-boot is a little different from bare metal,
Where
host secure boot: /ibm,secure-boot/os-secureboot-enforcing DT property exists
while
guest secure boot: /ibm,secure-boot >= 2
Make kexec-tools adapt to LPAR
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Sourcing logger file in kdump-lib.sh will leak kdump helper to dracut,
because module-setup.sh will source kdump-lib.sh. This will make kdump's
function override dracut's ones, and lead to unexpected behaviours.
So include kdump-logger.sh individually and only source it where it really
needed. for module-setup.sh, simply use dracut's logger helper is good
enough so just source kdump-logger.sh in kdump only scripts.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Both $ipaddrs and $node can hold multiple strings, so use "" to brace them.
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Currently the watchdog detection code is broken already, it
get the list of active watchdog drivers, then check if they are
set in the /etc/cmdline.d/* as preload module. But after we
switched to use squash module, /etc/cmdline.d/* is not directly visible.
So just detect whether current needed driver is installed.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
In check_fs_modified, is_nfs_dump_target is already called, the dump
target can't be nfs. No need to check here.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
The driver detection have nothing to do with fs detection, and currently
if the dump target is raw, the block driver detection is skipped which
is wrong. Just split it out and run the block driver detection when dump
target is fs or raw.
Also simplfied the code a bit.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Let's add some code comments to help better understanding, and
no code changes.
Signed-off-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Commit 08276e9 wrongly raise this warning message to error level, fix
this.
Fixes: 08276e9 ('Rework check_config and warn on any duplicated option')
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Currently, the kexec option '--debug/-d' is not enabled by default, which
means that users need to set it manually and wait for the next failure to
capture the additional information.
Therefore, let's enable the option '-d' for kexec loading by default.
Signed-off-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Since the logger was introduced into kdump, let's enable it for kdump
so that we can output kdump messages according the log level and save
these messages for debugging.
Signed-off-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Instead of read and parse the kdump.conf multiple times, only read once
and use a single loop to handle the error check, which is faster.
Also check for any duplicated config otion, and error out if there are
duplicated ones.
Now it checks for following errors, most are unchanged from before:
- Any duplicated config options. (New added)
- Deprecated/Invalid kdump config option.
- Duplicated kdump target, will have a different error message of
other duplicated config options.
- Duplicated --mount options in dracut_args.
- Empty config values. All kdump configs should be in
"<config_opt> <config_value>" format.
- Check If raw target is used in fadump mode.
And removed detect of lines start with space, it will not break kdump
anyway.
The performance is measurable better than before for the check_config
function.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
kernel installation is not always in a fixed location /boot, there are
multiple different style of kernel installation, and initramfs location
changes with kernel. The two files should be detected together and adapt
to different style.
To do so we use a list of known installation destinations, and a list
of possible kernel image and initrd names. Iterate the two list to
detect the installation location of the two files. If GRUB is in use,
the BOOT_IMAGE= cmdline from GRUB will also be considered. And also
prefers user specified config if given.
Previous atomic workaround is no longer needed as the new detection
method can cover that case.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
It is hard to detect the time that /etc/kdump is removed. And this failure
may cause out-of-date kdump.initrd. To keep things simple, just exit if
/etc/kdump/pre.d and post.d does not exist.
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Checking modification against a file can not detect a removing file in
"/etc/kdump/post.d/ /etc/kdump/pre.d/". Hence it also needs the
modified time of directory to detect such changes.
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
This reverts commit 6a20bd5447.
Let's restore the logic of secureboot status check, and remove the
option 'KDUMP_FILE_LOAD=on|off'. We will use the option KEXEC_ARGS="-s"
to enable the kexec file load later, which can avoid failures when
the secureboot is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Dracut get_persistent_dev function don't recognize UUID= or LABEL=
format, so caller should conver it to the path to the block device
before calling it. There is already such a helper
"kdump_get_persistent_dev", just move it to kdump-lib.sh and rename
it to reuse it,
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
This patch adds the binary and script files in /etc/kdump/{pre.d,post.d}
to modified checklist in order to update kdump initramfs when one adds
new scripts or binaries or removes the existing ones under
/etc/kdump/{pre.d, post.d}.
Signed-off-by: Shinichi Onitsuka <onitsuka.shinic@fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Use get_mount_info so that fstab is used as a failback when look for
mount info.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Ignore mount check in kdumpctl, mkdumprd will still fail building and
exit if target is not mounted.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Use is_mounted helper instaed of calling findmnt directly or checking if
"mount" value is empty.
If findmnt looks for fstab as well, some non mounted entry will also
return value. Required to support non-mounted target.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
User a helper to get the path to mount dump target in kdump kernel, and
fix duplicated '/' in the mount path problem.
Fixes: bz1785371
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
It's basically same with is_user_configured_dump_target and only have
one caller. And the name is confusing, the dump target is always
configured, it's either user configured or path based.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Now modinfo will return "(builtin)" instead of empty string for builtin
module. Sync the code logic.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Since Dracut commit a0d9ad6 loaded-kernel-modules is renamed to
hostonly-kernel-modules and contains all hostonly modules. So check
hostonly-kernel-modules instead for module change.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
With FADump support added on POWERNV paltform, enable the scripts to
capture /proc/vmcore. Also, if CONFIG_OPAL_CORE is enabled, OPAL core
is preserved and exported on POWERNV platform. So, offload OPAL core,
if it is available.
Signed-off-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
UEFI Secure boot is a signature verification mechanism, designed to
prevent malicious code being loaded and executed at the early boot
stage. This makes sure that code executed is trusted by firmware.
Previously, with kexec_file_load() interface, kernel prevents unsigned
kernel image from being loaded if secure boot is enabled. So kdump will
detect whether secure boot is enabled firstly, then decide which interface
is chosen to execute, kexec_load() or kexec_file_load(). Otherwise unsigned
kernel loading will fail if secure boot enabled, and kexec_file_load() is
entered.
Now, the implementation of kexec_file_load() is adjusted in below commit.
With this change, if CONFIG_KEXEC_SIG_FORCE is not set, unsigned kernel
still has a chance to be allowed to load under some conditions.
commit 99d5cadfde2b ("kexec_file: split KEXEC_VERIFY_SIG into KEXEC_SIG
and KEXEC_SIG_FORCE")
And in the current Fedora, the CONFIG_KEXEC_SIG_FORCE is not set, only the
CONFIG_KEXEC_SIG and CONFIG_BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG are set on x86_64 by default.
It's time to spread kexec_file_load() onto all systems of x86_64, including
Secure-boot platforms and legacy platforms. Please refer to the following
form.
.----------------------------------------------------------------------.
| . | signed kernel | unsigned kernel |
| . types |-----------------------|-----------------------|
| . |Secure boot| Legacy |Secure boot| Legacy |
| . |-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| options . | prev| now | prev| now | | | prev| now |
| . |(file|(file|(only|(file| prev| now |(only|(file|
| . |load)|load)|load)|load)| | |load)|load)|
|----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|KEXEC_SIG=y | | | | | | | | |
|SIG_FORCE is not set |succ |succ |succ |succ | X | X |succ |succ |
|BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG=y | | | | | | | | |
|----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|KEXEC_SIG=y | | | | | | | | |
|SIG_FORCE is not set | | | | | | | | |
|BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG is |fail |fail |succ |fail | X | X |succ |fail |
|not set | | | | | | | | |
|----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|KEXEC_SIG=y | | | | | | | | |
|SIG_FORCE=y |succ |succ |succ |fail | X | X |succ |fail |
|BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG=y | | | | | | | | |
|----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|KEXEC_SIG=y | | | | | | | | |
|SIG_FORCE=y | | | | | | | | |
|BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG is |fail |fail |succ |fail | X | X |succ |fail |
|not set | | | | | | | | |
|----------------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
|KEXEC_SIG is not set | | | | | | | | |
|SIG_FORCE is not set | | | | | | | | |
|BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG is |fail |fail |succ |succ | X | X |succ |succ |
|not set | | | | | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
[1] The 'X' indicates that the 1st kernel(unsigned) can not boot when the
Secure boot is enabled.
Hence, in this patch, if on x86_64, let's use the kexec_file_load() only.
See if anything wrong happened in this case, in Fedora firstly for the
time being.
Signed-off-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
When large amount of memory, about 1TB, is removed with DLPAR memory
remove operation, kdump reload could fail due to race condition with
device tree property update. In such scenario, the subsequent kdump
reload requests would also fail as reload() only proceeds if current
load status is active. Since the possibility of this race condition
couldn't be wished away due to the nature of the scenario, workaround
it by proceeding to load even if current load status is not active as
long as kdump service is active, which kdump udev rules already check
for.
Signed-off-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
In kdump.conf, if sshkey points to an invalid ssh key, 'kdumpctl restart'
can bail out immediately instead of retry.
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Print some message during the long wait period to reflect the process.
The message will look like:
Network dump target is not usable, waiting for it to be ready
...
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
On a host with ipaddr not ready before kdump service, ssh return errno 255.
While if no ssh-key, ssh also return errno 255. For both of cases, the
current kdump code promote user to run 'kdumpctl propagate'. This confuses
user who already installs ssh-key.
In order to tell these two cases from each other, the ssh warning message
should be involved, and parsed.
For the no ssh-key case , warning message is "Permission denied" or "No
such file or directory". For the other, warning message is "Network
Unreachable"
This patch also does a slight change to enlarge the timeout from 60s to
180s. This value can meet test at the time being
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
If dump target is ipv6 address, a host should have ipv6 address ready
before starting kdump service. Otherwise, kdump service fails to start due
to the failure "ssh dump_server_ip mkdir -p $SAVE_PATH".
And user can see message like:
"Could not create root@2620:52:0:10da:46a8:42ff:fe23:3272/var/crash"
I observe a long period (about 30s) on some machine before they got ipv6
address dynamiclly, which is never seen on ipv4 host.
Hence kdump service has a dependency on ipv6 address. But there is no good
way to resolve it. One way is asking user to run the cmd "nmcli connection
modify eth0 ipv6.may-fail false". But this will block systemd until ipv6
address is ready. Despite doing so, kdump can try its best (wait 1 minutes
after it starts up) before failure.
How to implement the wait is arguable. It will involve too many technique
details if explicitly waiting on ipv6 address, instead, just lean on 'ssh'
return value to see the availability of network.
Signed-off-by: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Currently kdumpctl rebuild will simply rebuild the initramfs, and
only perform basic config syntax check. But it should also check if the
target path is available when using SSH target, else kdump may fail.
is second kernel. kdumpctl rebuild should cover this case, and create
the path if it doesn't exist.
This patch make rebuild and restart behaves the same, rebuild is
now equal to restart, except it won't check config change or reload
kdump resource.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Although "kdumpctl rebuild" is introduced to help user rebuild the
initramfs without modifying the kdump.conf, if the kdump.conf is
modified and "kdumpctl rebuild" is called, a initramfs with a faulty
kdump.conf will be built.
Kdump will refuse to load the initramfs when restarted, but kdumpctl
reload may load the faulty initramfs. So need to make sure the faulty
build won't be generate in the first place.
Check for kdump.conf error before building the initramfs to ensure such
failure won't happen.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
We don't necessarily have to always rebuild the initramfs when
extra_modules is set. Instead, just detect if any module is updated,
and only rebuild initramfs if found any updated kernel module.
Tested with in-tree kernel modules, out-of-tree kernel modules, weak
modules, all worked as expected.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Previously only the symlink's timestamp is used for checking if file are
modified, this will not trigger a rebuild if the symlink target it
modified.
So check both symlink timestamp and symlink target timestamp, rebuild
the initramfs on both symlink changed and target changed.
Also give a proper error message if the file doesn't exist.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
When reading kdump configs, a single parsing should be enough and this
saves a lot of duplicated striping call which speed up the total load
speed.
Speed up about 2 second when building and 0.1 second for reload in my
tests.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Early kdump inherits the settings of normal kdump, so any changes that
caused normal kdump rebuilding also require rebuilding the system initramfs
to make sure that the changes take effect for early kdump.
Therefore, when the early kdump is enabled, provide a prompt message after
the rebuilding of kdump initramfs is completed.
Signed-off-by: Lianbo Jiang <lijiang@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Previous we rebuild the initramfs when kenrel load module list changed,
but this is not very stable as some async services may load/unload
kernel modules, and cause unnecessary initramfs rebuild.
Instead, it's better to just check if the module required to dump to
the dump target is loaded or not, and rebuild if not loaded. This
avoids most false-positives, and ensure local target change is always
covered.
Currently only local fs dump target is covered, because this check
requires the dump target to be mounted when building the initramfs,
this guarantee that the module is in the loaded kernel module list,
else we may still get some false positive.
dracut-install could be leveraged to combine the modalias list with
kernel loaded module list as a more stable module list in the initramfs,
but upstream dracut change need to be done first.
Passed test on a KVM VM, changing the storage between SATA/USB/VirtIO
will trigger initramfs rebuild and didn't notice any false-positive.
Also passed test on my laptop with no false-positive.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
This reverts commit 6b479b6572.
Check initramfs rebuild by looking at if there is any change of load
kernel modules list is not very stable after all. Previously we are
counting on udev to settle before kdump is started to ensure all modules
is ready, but actually any service may cause a kernel module load, even
after udev is settled.
The previous commit is trying to workaround an issue that VM created
with disk snapshot may fail in the kdump initramfs. The better fix is to
not include the kdump initramfs in the disk snapshot at all, as the
kdump initramfs is not generated for a generic use. And With new added
"kdumpctl reload" command, admins could rebuild the image easily, and
should rebuild the initramfs on hardware change manually.
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
