diff --git a/macros.pyproject b/macros.pyproject
index 402f730..9b29b73 100644
--- a/macros.pyproject
+++ b/macros.pyproject
@@ -104,7 +104,14 @@ fi
 %pyproject_extras_subpkg(n:i:f:F) %{expand:%{?python_extras_subpkg:%{python_extras_subpkg%{?!-i:%{?!-f:%{?!-F: -f %{_pyproject_ghost_distinfo}}}} %**}}}
 
 
+# Escaping an actual percentage sign in path by 8 signs has been verified in RPM 4.16 and 4.17.
+# See this thread http://lists.rpm.org/pipermail/rpm-list/2021-June/002048.html
+# Since RPM 4.19, 2 signs are needed instead.
+# On the CI, we build tests/escape_percentages.spec to verify the assumptions.
+# We should check RPM version here instead of Fedora/RHEL, but it's hard;
+# see https://github.com/rpm-software-management/rpm/issues/2523
 %pyproject_save_files() %{expand:\\\
+%{expr:0%{?fedora} >= 39 || 0%{?rhel} >= 10 ? "RPM_PERCENTAGES_COUNT=2" : "RPM_PERCENTAGES_COUNT=8" } \\
 %{__python3} %{_rpmconfigdir}/redhat/pyproject_save_files.py \\
   --output-files "%{pyproject_files}" \\
   --output-modules "%{_pyproject_modules}" \\
diff --git a/pyproject-rpm-macros.spec b/pyproject-rpm-macros.spec
index 46fdc76..1fca94a 100644
--- a/pyproject-rpm-macros.spec
+++ b/pyproject-rpm-macros.spec
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ export HOSTNAME="rpmbuild"  # to speedup tox in network-less mock, see rhbz#1856
 %changelog
 * Wed May 31 2023 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 1.8.1-1
 - On Python older than 3.11, use tomli instead of deprecated toml
+- Fix literal %% handling in %%{pyproject_files} on RPM 4.19
 
 * Tue May 23 2023 Miro Hrončok <mhroncok@redhat.com> - 1.8.0-2
 - Rebuilt for ELN dependency changes
diff --git a/pyproject_save_files.py b/pyproject_save_files.py
index 00d706d..551a876 100644
--- a/pyproject_save_files.py
+++ b/pyproject_save_files.py
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ from importlib.metadata import Distribution
 # From RPM's build/files.c strtokWithQuotes delim argument
 RPM_FILES_DELIMETERS = ' \n\t'
 
+# See the comment in the macro that wraps this script
+RPM_PERCENTAGES_COUNT = int(os.getenv('RPM_PERCENTAGES_COUNT', '2'))
+
 # RPM hardcodes the lists of manpage extensions and directories,
 # so we have to maintain separate ones :(
 # There is an issue for RPM to provide the lists as macros:
@@ -441,13 +444,13 @@ def escape_rpm_path(path):
         '"/usr/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/script (dev).tmpl"'
 
         >>> escape_rpm_path('/usr/share/data/100%valid.path')
-        '/usr/share/data/100%%%%%%%%valid.path'
+        '/usr/share/data/100%%valid.path'
 
         >>> escape_rpm_path('/usr/share/data/100 % valid.path')
-        '"/usr/share/data/100 %%%%%%%% valid.path"'
+        '"/usr/share/data/100 %% valid.path"'
 
         >>> escape_rpm_path('/usr/share/data/1000 %% valid.path')
-        '"/usr/share/data/1000 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% valid.path"'
+        '"/usr/share/data/1000 %%%% valid.path"'
 
         >>> escape_rpm_path('/usr/share/data/spaces and "quotes"')
         Traceback (most recent call last):
@@ -461,10 +464,7 @@ def escape_rpm_path(path):
     """
     orig_path = path = str(path)
     if "%" in path:
-        # Escaping by 8 %s has been verified in RPM 4.16 and 4.17, but probably not stable
-        # See this thread http://lists.rpm.org/pipermail/rpm-list/2021-June/002048.html
-        # On the CI, we build tests/escape_percentages.spec to verify this assumption
-        path = path.replace("%", "%" * 8)
+        path = path.replace("%", "%" * RPM_PERCENTAGES_COUNT)
     if any(symbol in path for symbol in RPM_FILES_DELIMETERS):
         if '"' in path:
             # As far as we know, RPM cannot list such file individually
diff --git a/tests/escape_percentages.spec b/tests/escape_percentages.spec
index 5ebf13f..be64156 100644
--- a/tests/escape_percentages.spec
+++ b/tests/escape_percentages.spec
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name:           escape_percentages
-Version:        0
+Version:        0.1
 Release:        0
 Summary:        ...
 License:        MIT
@@ -7,19 +7,59 @@ BuildArch:      noarch
 
 %description
 This spec file verifies that escaping percentage signs in paths is possible via
-exactly 8 percentage signs in a filelist and directly in the %%files section.
+exactly 2 (or 8) percentage signs in a filelist and directly in the %%files section.
 It serves as a regression test for pyproject_save_files:escape_rpm_path().
 When this breaks, the function needs to be adapted.
 
-%install
+
+%prep
+cat > pyproject.toml << EOF
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+EOF
+
+cat > setup.cfg << EOF
+[metadata]
+name = escape_percentages
+version = 0.1
+[options]
+packages =
+    escape_percentages
+[options.package_data]
+escape_percentages =
+    *
+EOF
+
+mkdir -p escape_percentages
+touch escape_percentages/__init__.py
 # the paths on disk will have 1 percentage sign if we type 2 in the spec
 # we use the word 'version' after the sign, as that is a known existing macro
-touch '%{buildroot}/one%%version'
+touch 'escape_percentages/one%%version'
+
+
+%generate_buildrequires
+%pyproject_buildrequires
+
+
+%build
+%pyproject_wheel
+
+
+%install
+%pyproject_install
+%pyproject_save_files escape_percentages
 touch '%{buildroot}/two%%version'
 
-# the filelist will contain 8 percentage signs when we type 16 in spec
-echo '/one%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%version' > filelist
-test $(wc -c filelist | cut -f1 -d' ') -eq 20  # 8 signs + /one (4) + version (7) + newline (1)
 
-%files -f filelist
+%check
+grep '/escape_percentages/one' %{pyproject_files}
+
+
+
+%files -f %{pyproject_files}
+%if 0%{?fedora} >= 39 || 0%{?rhel} >= 10
+/two%%version
+%else
 /two%%%%%%%%version
+%endif
diff --git a/tests/tests.yml b/tests/tests.yml
index 5bdbc0b..132599d 100644
--- a/tests/tests.yml
+++ b/tests/tests.yml
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
         run: ./mocktest.sh python-virtualenv
     - escape_percentages:
         dir: .
-        run: rpmbuild -ba escape_percentages.spec
+        run: ./mocktest.sh escape_percentages
     required_packages:
     - mock
     - rpmdevtools