494 lines
17 KiB
Python
494 lines
17 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python
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# Try to determine how much RAM is currently being used per program.
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# Note per _program_, not per process. So for example this script
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# will report RAM used by all httpd process together. In detail it reports:
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# sum(private RAM for program processes) + sum(Shared RAM for program processes)
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# The shared RAM is problematic to calculate, and this script automatically
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# selects the most accurate method available for your kernel.
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# Licence: LGPLv2
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# Author: P@draigBrady.com
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# Source: http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/ps_mem.py
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# V1.0 06 Jul 2005 Initial release
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# V1.1 11 Aug 2006 root permission required for accuracy
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# V1.2 08 Nov 2006 Add total to output
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# Use KiB,MiB,... for units rather than K,M,...
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# V1.3 22 Nov 2006 Ignore shared col from /proc/$pid/statm for
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# 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.9.
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# There it represented the total file backed extent
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# V1.4 23 Nov 2006 Remove total from output as it's meaningless
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# (the shared values overlap with other programs).
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# Display the shared column. This extra info is
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# useful, especially as it overlaps between programs.
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# V1.5 26 Mar 2007 Remove redundant recursion from human()
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# V1.6 05 Jun 2007 Also report number of processes with a given name.
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# Patch from riccardo.murri@gmail.com
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# V1.7 20 Sep 2007 Use PSS from /proc/$pid/smaps if available, which
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# fixes some over-estimation and allows totalling.
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# Enumerate the PIDs directly rather than using ps,
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# which fixes the possible race between reading
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# RSS with ps, and shared memory with this program.
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# Also we can show non truncated command names.
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# V1.8 28 Sep 2007 More accurate matching for stats in /proc/$pid/smaps
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# as otherwise could match libraries causing a crash.
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# Patch from patrice.bouchand.fedora@gmail.com
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# V1.9 20 Feb 2008 Fix invalid values reported when PSS is available.
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# Reported by Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@mail.ru>
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# V3.6 16 Oct 2015
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# http://github.com/pixelb/scripts/commits/master/scripts/ps_mem.py
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# Notes:
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#
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# All interpreted programs where the interpreter is started
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# by the shell or with env, will be merged to the interpreter
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# (as that's what's given to exec). For e.g. all python programs
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# starting with "#!/usr/bin/env python" will be grouped under python.
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# You can change this by using the full command line but that will
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# have the undesirable affect of splitting up programs started with
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# differing parameters (for e.g. mingetty tty[1-6]).
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#
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# For 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.13 and later 2.4 redhat kernels
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# (rmap vm without smaps) it can not be accurately determined how many pages
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# are shared between processes in general or within a program in our case:
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# http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/6/250
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# A warning is printed if overestimation is possible.
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# In addition for 2.6 kernels up to 2.6.9 inclusive, the shared
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# value in /proc/$pid/statm is the total file-backed extent of a process.
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# We ignore that, introducing more overestimation, again printing a warning.
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# Since kernel 2.6.23-rc8-mm1 PSS is available in smaps, which allows
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# us to calculate a more accurate value for the total RAM used by programs.
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#
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# Programs that use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD are discounted by assuming
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# they're the only programs that have the same /proc/$PID/smaps file for
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# each instance. This will fail if there are multiple real instances of a
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# program that then use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD, or if a clone changes
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# its memory map while we're checksumming each /proc/$PID/smaps.
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#
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# I don't take account of memory allocated for a program
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# by other programs. For e.g. memory used in the X server for
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# a program could be determined, but is not.
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#
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# FreeBSD is supported if linprocfs is mounted at /compat/linux/proc/
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# FreeBSD 8.0 supports up to a level of Linux 2.6.16
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import getopt
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import time
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import errno
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import os
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import sys
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# The following exits cleanly on Ctrl-C or EPIPE
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# while treating other exceptions as before.
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def std_exceptions(etype, value, tb):
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sys.excepthook = sys.__excepthook__
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if issubclass(etype, KeyboardInterrupt):
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pass
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elif issubclass(etype, IOError) and value.errno == errno.EPIPE:
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pass
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else:
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sys.__excepthook__(etype, value, tb)
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sys.excepthook = std_exceptions
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#
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# Define some global variables
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#
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PAGESIZE = os.sysconf("SC_PAGE_SIZE") / 1024 #KiB
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our_pid = os.getpid()
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have_pss = 0
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class Proc:
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def __init__(self):
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uname = os.uname()
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if uname[0] == "FreeBSD":
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self.proc = '/compat/linux/proc'
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else:
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self.proc = '/proc'
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def path(self, *args):
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return os.path.join(self.proc, *(str(a) for a in args))
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def open(self, *args):
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try:
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if sys.version_info < (3,):
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return open(self.path(*args))
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else:
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return open(self.path(*args), errors='ignore')
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except (IOError, OSError):
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val = sys.exc_info()[1]
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if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # kernel thread or process gone
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val.errno == errno.EPERM):
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raise LookupError
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raise
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proc = Proc()
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#
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# Functions
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#
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def parse_options():
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try:
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long_options = ['split-args', 'help', 'total']
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opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "shtp:w:", long_options)
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except getopt.GetoptError:
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sys.stderr.write(help())
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sys.exit(3)
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if len(args):
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sys.stderr.write("Extraneous arguments: %s\n" % args)
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sys.exit(3)
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# ps_mem.py options
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split_args = False
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pids_to_show = None
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watch = None
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only_total = False
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for o, a in opts:
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if o in ('-s', '--split-args'):
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split_args = True
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if o in ('-t', '--total'):
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only_total = True
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if o in ('-h', '--help'):
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sys.stdout.write(help())
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sys.exit(0)
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if o in ('-p',):
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try:
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pids_to_show = [int(x) for x in a.split(',')]
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except:
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sys.stderr.write(help())
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sys.exit(3)
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if o in ('-w',):
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try:
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watch = int(a)
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except:
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sys.stderr.write(help())
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sys.exit(3)
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return (split_args, pids_to_show, watch, only_total)
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def help():
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help_msg = 'Usage: ps_mem [OPTION]...\n' \
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'Show program core memory usage\n' \
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'\n' \
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' -h, -help Show this help\n' \
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' -p <pid>[,pid2,...pidN] Only show memory usage PIDs in the specified list\n' \
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' -s, --split-args Show and separate by, all command line arguments\n' \
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' -t, --total Show only the total value\n' \
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' -w <N> Measure and show process memory every N seconds\n'
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return help_msg
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#(major,minor,release)
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def kernel_ver():
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kv = proc.open('sys/kernel/osrelease').readline().split(".")[:3]
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last = len(kv)
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if last == 2:
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kv.append('0')
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last -= 1
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while last > 0:
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for char in "-_":
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kv[last] = kv[last].split(char)[0]
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try:
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int(kv[last])
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except:
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kv[last] = 0
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last -= 1
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return (int(kv[0]), int(kv[1]), int(kv[2]))
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#return Private,Shared
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#Note shared is always a subset of rss (trs is not always)
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def getMemStats(pid):
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global have_pss
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mem_id = pid #unique
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Private_lines = []
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Shared_lines = []
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Pss_lines = []
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Rss = (int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[1])
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* PAGESIZE)
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if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')): #stat
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lines = proc.open(pid, 'smaps').readlines() #open
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# Note we checksum smaps as maps is usually but
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# not always different for separate processes.
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mem_id = hash(''.join(lines))
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for line in lines:
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if line.startswith("Shared"):
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Shared_lines.append(line)
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elif line.startswith("Private"):
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Private_lines.append(line)
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elif line.startswith("Pss"):
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have_pss = 1
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Pss_lines.append(line)
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Shared = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Shared_lines])
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Private = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Private_lines])
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#Note Shared + Private = Rss above
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#The Rss in smaps includes video card mem etc.
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if have_pss:
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pss_adjust = 0.5 # add 0.5KiB as this avg error due to trunctation
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Pss = sum([float(line.split()[1])+pss_adjust for line in Pss_lines])
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Shared = Pss - Private
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elif (2,6,1) <= kernel_ver() <= (2,6,9):
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Shared = 0 #lots of overestimation, but what can we do?
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Private = Rss
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else:
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Shared = int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[2])
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Shared *= PAGESIZE
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Private = Rss - Shared
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return (Private, Shared, mem_id)
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def getCmdName(pid, split_args):
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cmdline = proc.open(pid, 'cmdline').read().split("\0")
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if cmdline[-1] == '' and len(cmdline) > 1:
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cmdline = cmdline[:-1]
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path = proc.path(pid, 'exe')
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try:
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path = os.readlink(path)
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# Some symlink targets were seen to contain NULs on RHEL 5 at least
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# https://github.com/pixelb/scripts/pull/10, so take string up to NUL
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path = path.split('\0')[0]
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except OSError:
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val = sys.exc_info()[1]
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if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # either kernel thread or process gone
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val.errno == errno.EPERM):
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raise LookupError
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raise
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if split_args:
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return " ".join(cmdline)
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if path.endswith(" (deleted)"):
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path = path[:-10]
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if os.path.exists(path):
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path += " [updated]"
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else:
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#The path could be have prelink stuff so try cmdline
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#which might have the full path present. This helped for:
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#/usr/libexec/notification-area-applet.#prelink#.fX7LCT (deleted)
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if os.path.exists(cmdline[0]):
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path = cmdline[0] + " [updated]"
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else:
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path += " [deleted]"
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exe = os.path.basename(path)
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cmd = proc.open(pid, 'status').readline()[6:-1]
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if exe.startswith(cmd):
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cmd = exe #show non truncated version
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#Note because we show the non truncated name
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#one can have separated programs as follows:
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#584.0 KiB + 1.0 MiB = 1.6 MiB mozilla-thunder (exe -> bash)
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# 56.0 MiB + 22.2 MiB = 78.2 MiB mozilla-thunderbird-bin
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if sys.version_info < (3,):
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return cmd
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else:
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return cmd.encode(errors='replace').decode()
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#The following matches "du -h" output
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#see also human.py
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def human(num, power="Ki", units=None):
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if units is None:
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powers = ["Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti"]
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while num >= 1000: #4 digits
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num /= 1024.0
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power = powers[powers.index(power)+1]
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return "%.1f %sB" % (num, power)
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else:
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return "%.f" % ((num * 1024) / units)
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def cmd_with_count(cmd, count):
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if count > 1:
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return "%s (%u)" % (cmd, count)
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else:
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return cmd
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#Warn of possible inaccuracies
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#2 = accurate & can total
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#1 = accurate only considering each process in isolation
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#0 = some shared mem not reported
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#-1= all shared mem not reported
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def shared_val_accuracy():
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"""http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/TopSharedMemoryBug"""
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kv = kernel_ver()
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pid = os.getpid()
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if kv[:2] == (2,4):
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if proc.open('meminfo').read().find("Inact_") == -1:
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return 1
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return 0
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elif kv[:2] == (2,6):
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if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):
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if proc.open(pid, 'smaps').read().find("Pss:")!=-1:
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return 2
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else:
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return 1
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if (2,6,1) <= kv <= (2,6,9):
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return -1
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return 0
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elif kv[0] > 2 and os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):
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return 2
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else:
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return 1
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def show_shared_val_accuracy( possible_inacc, only_total=False ):
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level = ("Warning","Error")[only_total]
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if possible_inacc == -1:
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sys.stderr.write(
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"%s: Shared memory is not reported by this system.\n" % level
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)
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sys.stderr.write(
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"Values reported will be too large, and totals are not reported\n"
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)
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elif possible_inacc == 0:
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sys.stderr.write(
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"%s: Shared memory is not reported accurately by this system.\n" % level
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)
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sys.stderr.write(
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"Values reported could be too large, and totals are not reported\n"
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)
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elif possible_inacc == 1:
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sys.stderr.write(
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"%s: Shared memory is slightly over-estimated by this system\n"
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"for each program, so totals are not reported.\n" % level
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)
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sys.stderr.close()
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if only_total and possible_inacc != 2:
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sys.exit(1)
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def get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args, include_self=False, only_self=False ):
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cmds = {}
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shareds = {}
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mem_ids = {}
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count = {}
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for pid in os.listdir(proc.path('')):
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if not pid.isdigit():
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continue
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pid = int(pid)
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# Some filters
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if only_self and pid != our_pid:
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continue
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if pid == our_pid and not include_self:
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continue
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if pids_to_show is not None and pid not in pids_to_show:
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continue
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try:
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cmd = getCmdName(pid, split_args)
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except LookupError:
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#operation not permitted
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#kernel threads don't have exe links or
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#process gone
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continue
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try:
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private, shared, mem_id = getMemStats(pid)
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except RuntimeError:
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continue #process gone
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if shareds.get(cmd):
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if have_pss: #add shared portion of PSS together
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shareds[cmd] += shared
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elif shareds[cmd] < shared: #just take largest shared val
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shareds[cmd] = shared
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else:
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shareds[cmd] = shared
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cmds[cmd] = cmds.setdefault(cmd, 0) + private
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if cmd in count:
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count[cmd] += 1
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else:
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count[cmd] = 1
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mem_ids.setdefault(cmd, {}).update({mem_id:None})
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#Add shared mem for each program
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total = 0
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for cmd in cmds:
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cmd_count = count[cmd]
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if len(mem_ids[cmd]) == 1 and cmd_count > 1:
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# Assume this program is using CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD
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# so only account for one of the processes
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cmds[cmd] /= cmd_count
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if have_pss:
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shareds[cmd] /= cmd_count
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cmds[cmd] = cmds[cmd] + shareds[cmd]
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total += cmds[cmd] #valid if PSS available
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sorted_cmds = sorted(cmds.items(), key=lambda x:x[1])
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sorted_cmds = [x for x in sorted_cmds if x[1]]
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return sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total
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def print_header():
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sys.stdout.write(" Private + Shared = RAM used\tProgram\n\n")
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def print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total):
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for cmd in sorted_cmds:
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sys.stdout.write("%9s + %9s = %9s\t%s\n" %
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(human(cmd[1]-shareds[cmd[0]]),
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human(shareds[cmd[0]]), human(cmd[1]),
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cmd_with_count(cmd[0], count[cmd[0]])))
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if have_pss:
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sys.stdout.write("%s\n%s%9s\n%s\n" %
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("-" * 33, " " * 24, human(total), "=" * 33))
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def verify_environment():
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if os.geteuid() != 0:
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sys.stderr.write("Sorry, root permission required.\n")
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sys.stderr.close()
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sys.exit(1)
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try:
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kv = kernel_ver()
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except (IOError, OSError):
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val = sys.exc_info()[1]
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if val.errno == errno.ENOENT:
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sys.stderr.write(
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"Couldn't access " + proc.path('') + "\n"
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"Only GNU/Linux and FreeBSD (with linprocfs) are supported\n")
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sys.exit(2)
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else:
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raise
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def main():
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split_args, pids_to_show, watch, only_total = parse_options()
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verify_environment()
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if not only_total:
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print_header()
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if watch is not None:
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try:
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sorted_cmds = True
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while sorted_cmds:
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sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )
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if only_total and have_pss:
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sys.stdout.write(human(total, units=1)+'\n')
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elif not only_total:
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print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)
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time.sleep(watch)
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else:
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sys.stdout.write('Process does not exist anymore.\n')
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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pass
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else:
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# This is the default behavior
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sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )
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if only_total and have_pss:
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sys.stdout.write(human(total, units=1)+'\n')
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elif not only_total:
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print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)
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# We must close explicitly, so that any EPIPE exception
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# is handled by our excepthook, rather than the default
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# one which is reenabled after this script finishes.
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sys.stdout.close()
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vm_accuracy = shared_val_accuracy()
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show_shared_val_accuracy( vm_accuracy, only_total )
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if __name__ == '__main__': main()
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