diff --git a/crypto/x509/pcy_local.h b/crypto/x509/pcy_local.h
index 18b53cc09e..cba107ca03 100644
--- a/crypto/x509/pcy_local.h
+++ b/crypto/x509/pcy_local.h
@@ -111,6 +111,11 @@ struct X509_POLICY_LEVEL_st {
 };
 
 struct X509_POLICY_TREE_st {
+    /* The number of nodes in the tree */
+    size_t node_count;
+    /* The maximum number of nodes in the tree */
+    size_t node_maximum;
+
     /* This is the tree 'level' data */
     X509_POLICY_LEVEL *levels;
     int nlevel;
@@ -157,7 +162,8 @@ X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_tree_find_sk(STACK_OF(X509_POLICY_NODE) *sk,
 X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_level_add_node(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *level,
                                              X509_POLICY_DATA *data,
                                              X509_POLICY_NODE *parent,
-                                             X509_POLICY_TREE *tree);
+                                             X509_POLICY_TREE *tree,
+                                             int extra_data);
 void ossl_policy_node_free(X509_POLICY_NODE *node);
 int ossl_policy_node_match(const X509_POLICY_LEVEL *lvl,
                            const X509_POLICY_NODE *node, const ASN1_OBJECT *oid);
diff --git a/crypto/x509/pcy_node.c b/crypto/x509/pcy_node.c
index 9d9a7ea179..450f95a655 100644
--- a/crypto/x509/pcy_node.c
+++ b/crypto/x509/pcy_node.c
@@ -59,10 +59,15 @@ X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_level_find_node(const X509_POLICY_LEVEL *level,
 X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_level_add_node(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *level,
                                              X509_POLICY_DATA *data,
                                              X509_POLICY_NODE *parent,
-                                             X509_POLICY_TREE *tree)
+                                             X509_POLICY_TREE *tree,
+                                             int extra_data)
 {
     X509_POLICY_NODE *node;
 
+    /* Verify that the tree isn't too large.  This mitigates CVE-2023-0464 */
+    if (tree->node_maximum > 0 && tree->node_count >= tree->node_maximum)
+        return NULL;
+
     node = OPENSSL_zalloc(sizeof(*node));
     if (node == NULL) {
         ERR_raise(ERR_LIB_X509V3, ERR_R_MALLOC_FAILURE);
@@ -70,7 +75,7 @@ X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_level_add_node(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *level,
     }
     node->data = data;
     node->parent = parent;
-    if (level) {
+    if (level != NULL) {
         if (OBJ_obj2nid(data->valid_policy) == NID_any_policy) {
             if (level->anyPolicy)
                 goto node_error;
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_level_add_node(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *level,
         }
     }
 
-    if (tree) {
+    if (extra_data) {
         if (tree->extra_data == NULL)
             tree->extra_data = sk_X509_POLICY_DATA_new_null();
         if (tree->extra_data == NULL){
@@ -103,6 +108,7 @@ X509_POLICY_NODE *ossl_policy_level_add_node(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *level,
         }
     }
 
+    tree->node_count++;
     if (parent)
         parent->nchild++;
 
diff --git a/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c b/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c
index fa45da5117..f953a05a41 100644
--- a/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c
+++ b/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c
@@ -14,6 +14,17 @@
 
 #include "pcy_local.h"
 
+/*
+ * If the maximum number of nodes in the policy tree isn't defined, set it to
+ * a generous default of 1000 nodes.
+ *
+ * Defining this to be zero means unlimited policy tree growth which opens the
+ * door on CVE-2023-0464.
+ */
+#ifndef OPENSSL_POLICY_TREE_NODES_MAX
+# define OPENSSL_POLICY_TREE_NODES_MAX 1000
+#endif
+
 static void expected_print(BIO *channel,
                            X509_POLICY_LEVEL *lev, X509_POLICY_NODE *node,
                            int indent)
@@ -163,6 +174,9 @@ static int tree_init(X509_POLICY_TREE **ptree, STACK_OF(X509) *certs,
         return X509_PCY_TREE_INTERNAL;
     }
 
+    /* Limit the growth of the tree to mitigate CVE-2023-0464 */
+    tree->node_maximum = OPENSSL_POLICY_TREE_NODES_MAX;
+
     /*
      * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-6.1.2, figure 3.
      *
@@ -180,7 +194,7 @@ static int tree_init(X509_POLICY_TREE **ptree, STACK_OF(X509) *certs,
     if ((data = ossl_policy_data_new(NULL,
                                      OBJ_nid2obj(NID_any_policy), 0)) == NULL)
         goto bad_tree;
-    if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(level, data, NULL, tree) == NULL) {
+    if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(level, data, NULL, tree, 1) == NULL) {
         ossl_policy_data_free(data);
         goto bad_tree;
     }
@@ -239,7 +253,8 @@ static int tree_init(X509_POLICY_TREE **ptree, STACK_OF(X509) *certs,
  * Return value: 1 on success, 0 otherwise
  */
 static int tree_link_matching_nodes(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
-                                    X509_POLICY_DATA *data)
+                                    X509_POLICY_DATA *data,
+                                    X509_POLICY_TREE *tree)
 {
     X509_POLICY_LEVEL *last = curr - 1;
     int i, matched = 0;
@@ -249,13 +264,13 @@ static int tree_link_matching_nodes(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
         X509_POLICY_NODE *node = sk_X509_POLICY_NODE_value(last->nodes, i);
 
         if (ossl_policy_node_match(last, node, data->valid_policy)) {
-            if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, data, node, NULL) == NULL)
+            if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, data, node, tree, 0) == NULL)
                 return 0;
             matched = 1;
         }
     }
     if (!matched && last->anyPolicy) {
-        if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, data, last->anyPolicy, NULL) == NULL)
+        if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, data, last->anyPolicy, tree, 0) == NULL)
             return 0;
     }
     return 1;
@@ -268,7 +283,8 @@ static int tree_link_matching_nodes(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
  * Return value: 1 on success, 0 otherwise.
  */
 static int tree_link_nodes(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
-                           const X509_POLICY_CACHE *cache)
+                           const X509_POLICY_CACHE *cache,
+                           X509_POLICY_TREE *tree)
 {
     int i;
 
@@ -276,7 +292,7 @@ static int tree_link_nodes(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
         X509_POLICY_DATA *data = sk_X509_POLICY_DATA_value(cache->data, i);
 
         /* Look for matching nodes in previous level */
-        if (!tree_link_matching_nodes(curr, data))
+        if (!tree_link_matching_nodes(curr, data, tree))
             return 0;
     }
     return 1;
@@ -307,7 +323,7 @@ static int tree_add_unmatched(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
     /* Curr may not have anyPolicy */
     data->qualifier_set = cache->anyPolicy->qualifier_set;
     data->flags |= POLICY_DATA_FLAG_SHARED_QUALIFIERS;
-    if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, data, node, tree) == NULL) {
+    if (ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, data, node, tree, 1) == NULL) {
         ossl_policy_data_free(data);
         return 0;
     }
@@ -370,7 +386,7 @@ static int tree_link_any(X509_POLICY_LEVEL *curr,
     /* Finally add link to anyPolicy */
     if (last->anyPolicy &&
             ossl_policy_level_add_node(curr, cache->anyPolicy,
-                                       last->anyPolicy, NULL) == NULL)
+                                       last->anyPolicy, tree, 0) == NULL)
         return 0;
     return 1;
 }
@@ -553,7 +569,7 @@ static int tree_calculate_user_set(X509_POLICY_TREE *tree,
             extra->flags = POLICY_DATA_FLAG_SHARED_QUALIFIERS
                 | POLICY_DATA_FLAG_EXTRA_NODE;
             node = ossl_policy_level_add_node(NULL, extra, anyPolicy->parent,
-                                              tree);
+                                              tree, 1);
         }
         if (!tree->user_policies) {
             tree->user_policies = sk_X509_POLICY_NODE_new_null();
@@ -580,7 +596,7 @@ static int tree_evaluate(X509_POLICY_TREE *tree)
 
     for (i = 1; i < tree->nlevel; i++, curr++) {
         cache = ossl_policy_cache_set(curr->cert);
-        if (!tree_link_nodes(curr, cache))
+        if (!tree_link_nodes(curr, cache, tree))
             return X509_PCY_TREE_INTERNAL;
 
         if (!(curr->flags & X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY)