1647 lines
62 KiB
Diff
1647 lines
62 KiB
Diff
diff --git a/userguide/cameratopam.html b/userguide/cameratopam.html
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index 7a6391e..89f6939 100644
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--- a/userguide/cameratopam.html
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+++ b/userguide/cameratopam.html
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@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ means.
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href="http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin/dcraw/"><b>dcraw</b> by Dave
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Coffin</a>, by Bryan Henderson in April 2005. Bryan replaced the part
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that generates the Netpbm output image and removed the Adobe Photoshop
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-output function. Bryan changed the command syntax and and made other
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+output function. Bryan changed the command syntax and made other
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small changes to make the program consistent with Netpbm. He also
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split the source code into manageable pieces (<b>dcraw</b> has a
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single 5000 line source file).
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diff --git a/userguide/fiascotopnm.html b/userguide/fiascotopnm.html
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index 2cd4f01..f1f1b17 100644
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--- a/userguide/fiascotopnm.html
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+++ b/userguide/fiascotopnm.html
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@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Set magnification of the decompressed image. Positive values enlarge
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and negative values reduce the image width and height by a factor of
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2^|<I>N</I>|.
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-<DT><B>-s</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--smooth=</B><I>N</I>
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+<DT><B>-s</B> <I>N</I>, <B>--smoothing=</B><I>N</I>
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<DD>
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Smooth decompressed image(s) along the partitioning borders by the
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given amount <I>N</I>. <I>N</I> is 1 (minimum) to 100 (maximum); default
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@@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ FIASCO file is used (defined by the FIASCO coder).
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Set number of frames per second to <I>N</I>. When using this option,
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the frame rate specified in the FIASCO file is overridden.
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+<DT><B>--verbose=</B><I>N</I>
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+<DD>
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+Set verbose of <B>fiascotopnm</B> to <I>N</I>.
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+
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<DT><B>-v</B>, <B>--version</B>
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<DD>
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Print <B>fiascotopnm</B> version number, then exit.
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diff --git a/userguide/pamdepth.html b/userguide/pamdepth.html
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index 1a2b5fd..c188e44 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamdepth.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamdepth.html
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@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ files before April 2000.
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<b>pnmdepth</b>, by Jef Poskanzer. <b>pamdepth</b> is backward compatible
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with <b>pnmdepth</b> and adds the ability to process arbitrary PAM images
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and the ability to process multi-image input streams. <b>pnmdepth</b>
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-handled only PNM images and ignored all but the the first in any stream.
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+handled only PNM images and ignored all but the first in any stream.
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<HR>
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<H2 id="index">Table Of Contents</H2>
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diff --git a/userguide/pamdice.html b/userguide/pamdice.html
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index 0659e15..9053113 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamdice.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamdice.html
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@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ in each direction.
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<B><A HREF="pgmslice.html">pgmslice</A></B>,
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<B><A HREF="ppmglobe.html">ppmglobe</A></B>
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<B><A HREF="pnm.html">pnm</A></B>
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-<B><A HREF="pam.html">pnm</A></B>
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+<B><A HREF="pam.html">pam</A></B>
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<HR>
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<H2 id="index">Table Of Contents</H2>
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diff --git a/userguide/pamstereogram.html b/userguide/pamstereogram.html
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index c337547..652b887 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamstereogram.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamstereogram.html
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@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ be. Lower (darker) numbers mean further from the eye.
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<h3 id="inputimages">Input Images</h3>
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-<p><b>pamstereogram</b> pays no attention the the image's tuple
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+<p><b>pamstereogram</b> pays no attention the image's tuple
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type and ignores all planes other than plane 0.</p>
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<p>Like any Netpbm program, <b>pamstereogram</b> will accept PNM
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diff --git a/userguide/pamtofits.html b/userguide/pamtofits.html
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index 445b326..0ecc806 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamtofits.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamtofits.html
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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ approximation.
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<h3 id="pixelorder">Pixel Order</h3>
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<p>The FITS specification does not specify which data in the file corresponds
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-to which pixel in the image (i.e. which bytes are the the top left pixel,
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+to which pixel in the image (i.e. which bytes are the top left pixel,
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etc.). Netpbm uses the common sense, most popular arrangement: row major, top
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to bottom, left to right. That means in a 10 wide by 20 high image, the first
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10 pixels in the file are the top row and the last 10 are the bottom row.
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diff --git a/userguide/pamtojpeg2k.html b/userguide/pamtojpeg2k.html
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index 06b6113..046d740 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamtojpeg2k.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamtojpeg2k.html
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@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ its goal is similar to JPEG. It has two main differences from JPEG.
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<p>One difference is that it does a much better job on most images of
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throwing out information in order to achieve a smaller output. That
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means when you reconstruct the image from the resulting compressed
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-file, it looks a lot closer to the image you started with with
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+file, it looks a lot closer to the image you started with
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JPEG-2000 than with JPEG, for the same compressed file size. Or, looked
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at another way, with JPEG-2000 you get a much smaller file than with
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JPEG for the same image quality.
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diff --git a/userguide/pamtotiff.html b/userguide/pamtotiff.html
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index f07d227..c7a48a0 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamtotiff.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamtotiff.html
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@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ format it produces are therefore controlled by that library.
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<P>By default, <B>pamtotiff</B> creates a TIFF file with no
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compression. This is your best bet most of the time. If you want to
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try another compression scheme or tweak some of the other even more
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-obscure output options, there are a number of options which which to
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+obscure output options, there are a number of options which to
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play.
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<p>Before Netpbm 8.4 (April 2000), the default was to use LZW compression.
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diff --git a/userguide/pamtouil.html b/userguide/pamtouil.html
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index 1074119..6c2356b 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamtouil.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamtouil.html
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@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ in the RGB database.
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<A NAME="lbAF"> </A>
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<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
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-<A HREF="pamstack.html">pam</A>
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+<A HREF="pamstack.html">pamstack</A>
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<A HREF="pam.html">pam</A>
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<A HREF="ppm.html">ppm</A>
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diff --git a/userguide/pamundice.html b/userguide/pamundice.html
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index 2b789b4..bf366d6 100644
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--- a/userguide/pamundice.html
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+++ b/userguide/pamundice.html
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@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ clips the bottom edge of each image before joining it to the one below.
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<B><A HREF="pnmindex.html">pnmindex</A></B>,
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<B><A HREF="pnmtile.html">pnmtile</A></B>,
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<B><A HREF="pnm.html">pnm</A></B>
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-<B><A HREF="pam.html">pnm</A></B>
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+<B><A HREF="pam.html">pam</A></B>
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<HR>
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<H2 id="index">Table Of Contents</H2>
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diff --git a/userguide/pbm.html b/userguide/pbm.html
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index 63dfa40..7db4886 100644
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--- a/userguide/pbm.html
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+++ b/userguide/pbm.html
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@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ P1
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accepting anything that looks remotely like a bitmap.
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<p>All characters referred to herein are encoded in ASCII.
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-"newline" refers the the character known in ASCII as Line
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+"newline" refers the character known in ASCII as Line
|
|
Feed or LF. A "white space" character is space, CR, LF,
|
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TAB, VT, or FF (I.e. what the ANSI standard C isspace() function
|
|
calls white space).
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/pbmtolj.html b/userguide/pbmtolj.html
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index ce7e9bb..6da4555 100644
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--- a/userguide/pbmtolj.html
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+++ b/userguide/pbmtolj.html
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@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ and end of the output file.
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<DT><B>-copies</B>
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-<DD>Specifies the the number of copies. The default is 1. This option
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+<DD>Specifies the number of copies. The default is 1. This option
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controls the "number of copies" printer control;
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<B>pbmtolj</B> generates only one copy of the image.
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|
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diff --git a/userguide/pgm.html b/userguide/pgm.html
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index d75c9ef..7df1abc 100644
|
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--- a/userguide/pgm.html
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+++ b/userguide/pgm.html
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@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ P2
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accepting anything that looks remotely like a PGM.
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<p>All characters referred to herein are encoded in ASCII.
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|
-"newline" refers the the character known in ASCII as Line
|
|
+"newline" refers the character known in ASCII as Line
|
|
Feed or LF. A "white space" character is space, CR, LF,
|
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TAB, VT, or FF (I.e. what the ANSI standard C isspace() function
|
|
calls white space).
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/pngtopam.html b/userguide/pngtopam.html
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index 8185843..09406ef 100644
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--- a/userguide/pngtopam.html
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+++ b/userguide/pngtopam.html
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@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ change to the package in Netpbm's renaissance. It and <b>pnmtopng</b>
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|
were simply copied from the <a
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href="http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/apps/pnmtopng.html">
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|
<b>pnmtopng</b> package</a> by Greg Roelofs. Those were based on
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-simpler reference applications by by Alexander Lehmann
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+simpler reference applications by Alexander Lehmann
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<alex@hal.rhein-main.de> and Willem van Schaik
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<willem@schaik.com> and distributed with their PNG library.
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|
|
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diff --git a/userguide/pnmnorm.html b/userguide/pnmnorm.html
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index c4d2558..5d3ca49 100644
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--- a/userguide/pnmnorm.html
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+++ b/userguide/pnmnorm.html
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@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ value 99 or the white value 101.
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option. Sometimes, too much contrast is a bad thing. If your
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intensities are all concentrated in the middle, <b>-bpercent=2</b> and
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<b>-wpercent=1</b> might mean that an intensity of 60 gets stretched
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-up to 100 and and intensity of 20 gets stretched down to zero, for a
|
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+up to 100 and intensity of 20 gets stretched down to zero, for a
|
|
range expansion of 150% (from a range of 40 to a range of 100). That
|
|
much stretching means two adjacent pixels that used to differ in
|
|
intensity by 4 units now differ by 10, and that might be unsightly.
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/pnmtopalm.html b/userguide/pnmtopalm.html
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|
index 94aa6ff..9ca9c0d 100644
|
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--- a/userguide/pnmtopalm.html
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+++ b/userguide/pnmtopalm.html
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@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ the <b>-colormap</b> option, for much the same reason.
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|
<dt><b>-withdummy</b>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
-This option tells <b>pnmtopalm</b> to put in the stream, after after
|
|
+This option tells <b>pnmtopalm</b> to put in the stream, after
|
|
the image, a dummy image header to introduce subsequent high density
|
|
images.
|
|
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/ppm.html b/userguide/ppm.html
|
|
index c71aaa4..8e7a111 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/ppm.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/ppm.html
|
|
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ P3
|
|
accepting anything that looks remotely like a PPM image.
|
|
|
|
<p>All characters referred to herein are encoded in ASCII.
|
|
-"newline" refers the the character known in ASCII as Line
|
|
+"newline" refers the character known in ASCII as Line
|
|
Feed or LF. A "white space" character is space, CR, LF,
|
|
TAB, VT, or FF (I.e. what the ANSI standard C isspace() function
|
|
calls white space).
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/ppmtopj.html b/userguide/ppmtopj.html
|
|
index c07c1d9..b50be28 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/ppmtopj.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/ppmtopj.html
|
|
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ You could convert your input to this format like this:
|
|
pnmremap -map 8color.pam testimg.pam | ppmtopj
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
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-Or you could use use
|
|
+Or you could use
|
|
<pre>
|
|
ppmdither -red 2 -green 2 -blue 2
|
|
</pre>
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/qrttoppm.html b/userguide/qrttoppm.html
|
|
index b6bf976..112bf50 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/qrttoppm.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/qrttoppm.html
|
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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ qrttoppm - convert output from the QRT ray tracer to a PPM image
|
|
|
|
<p>This program is part of <a href="index.html">Netpbm</a>.
|
|
|
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-<p><b>qrttoppm</b> reads a QRT file as input and and produces a PPM
|
|
+<p><b>qrttoppm</b> reads a QRT file as input and produces a PPM
|
|
image as output.
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/sbigtopgm.html b/userguide/sbigtopgm.html
|
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index 400bcaf..78f9454 100644
|
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--- a/userguide/sbigtopgm.html
|
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+++ b/userguide/sbigtopgm.html
|
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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ sbigtopgm - convert an SBIG CCDOPS file to PGM
|
|
|
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<p>This program is part of <a href="index.html">Netpbm</a>.
|
|
|
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-<p><b>sbigtopgm</b> reads an an image file in the native format used
|
|
+<p><b>sbigtopgm</b> reads an image file in the native format used
|
|
by the Santa Barbara Instrument Group (SBIG) astronomical CCD cameras,
|
|
and produces a PGM image as output. Additional information on SBIG
|
|
cameras and documentation of the file format is available at the Web
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/srftopam.html b/userguide/srftopam.html
|
|
index b27f133..c98586f 100644
|
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--- a/userguide/srftopam.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/srftopam.html
|
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@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
|
|
|
|
<p>This program is part of <a href="index.html">Netpbm</a>.</p>
|
|
|
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-<p><b>srftopam</b> reads a a SRF image file as input and produces a
|
|
+<p><b>srftopam</b> reads a SRF image file as input and produces a
|
|
multi-image stream of PAM images as output.
|
|
|
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<p>This program performs the inverse of the conversion that <b>pamtosrf</b>
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/sunicontopnm.html b/userguide/sunicontopnm.html
|
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index 6ccbcde..0290f7b 100644
|
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--- a/userguide/sunicontopnm.html
|
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+++ b/userguide/sunicontopnm.html
|
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@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ mostly XPM files.
|
|
<A HREF="xbmtoppm.html">xbmtoppm</A>,
|
|
<A HREF="infotopam.html">infotopam</A>,
|
|
<A HREF="pbm.html">pbm</A>
|
|
-<A HREF="pgm.html">pbm</A>
|
|
+<A HREF="pgm.html">pgm</A>
|
|
|
|
<H2 id="history">HISTORY</H2>
|
|
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/xpmtoppm.html b/userguide/xpmtoppm.html
|
|
index c7c857b..f96b249 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/xpmtoppm.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/xpmtoppm.html
|
|
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ alpha output to Standard Output and discards the image.
|
|
the alpha output file.
|
|
|
|
<p><b>xpmtoppm</b> can't handle a line longer than 8K characters in
|
|
-the the XPM input. If an input line exceeds this limit,
|
|
+the XPM input. If an input line exceeds this limit,
|
|
<b>xpmtoppm</b> quits with an error message to that effect. Before
|
|
Netpbm 10.30 (October 2005), the limit was 2K.
|
|
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/infotopam.html b/userguide/infotopam.html
|
|
index 9818c59..177f4d4 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/infotopam.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/infotopam.html
|
|
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ using the <i>-forcecolor</i> option.</p>
|
|
<p>To override the colors, first specify how many colors to override using
|
|
<i>-numcolors</i>, then specify an (<i>index color</i>) pair for each color
|
|
you want to override, where <i>index</i> is a value from 0 to 3 and
|
|
- <i>color</i> the the new color for that index. Specify <i>color</i> as
|
|
+ <i>color</i> the new color for that index. Specify <i>color</i> as
|
|
described for the <a href= "libppm.html#colorname"><b>ppm_parsecolor()</b>
|
|
argument</a>.</p></dd>
|
|
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/pbmtoppa.html b/userguide/pbmtoppa.html
|
|
index f2ccf11..e0abe05 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/pbmtoppa.html
|
|
+++ b/userguide/pbmtoppa.html
|
|
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ StartEntry: DeskJet720C
|
|
About: { \
|
|
This driver supports the HP DeskJet 720C \
|
|
inkjet printer. \
|
|
- It does does not support color printing. \
|
|
+ It does not support color printing. \
|
|
IMPORTANT! Insert \
|
|
"- | pbm2ppa -" \
|
|
in the "Extra GS Options" field.\
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/pnmgamma.html b/userguide/pnmgamma.html
|
|
index 574d7d9..4c884f5 100644
|
|
--- a/userguide/pnmgamma.html
|
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+++ b/userguide/pnmgamma.html
|
|
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ the output is the same as that of the input.
|
|
|
|
<p>Because the transformation is not linear, you need a greater maxval
|
|
in the output in order not to lose any information from the input.
|
|
-For example, if you convert to radiance-linear sample values with with
|
|
+For example, if you convert to radiance-linear sample values with
|
|
<kbd>-ungamma -bt709ramp</kbd> and default gamma value, and your maxval is
|
|
255 on both input and output, 3 different input sample values all
|
|
generate output sample value 254. In order to have a different output
|
|
diff --git a/userguide/ppmtompeg.html b/userguide/ppmtompeg.html
|
|
deleted file mode 100644
|
|
index 4fa4a53..0000000
|
|
--- a/userguide/ppmtompeg.html
|
|
+++ /dev/null
|
|
@@ -1,1291 +0,0 @@
|
|
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
|
|
-<HTML>
|
|
-<HEAD>
|
|
-<TITLE>Ppmtompeg User Manual</TITLE>
|
|
-</HEAD>
|
|
-<BODY>
|
|
-<H1>Ppmtompeg</H1>
|
|
-Updated: 23 July 2006
|
|
-<BR>
|
|
-<A HREF="#index">Table Of Contents</A>
|
|
-
|
|
-<H2>NAME</H2>
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-ppmtompeg - encode an MPEG-1 bitstream
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-
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-<H2 id="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</H2>
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-
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-<B>ppmtompeg</B>
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-[<I>options</I>]
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-<I>parameter-file</I>
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-
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-<H2 id="description">DESCRIPTION</H2>
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-
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-<p>This program is part of <a href="index.html">Netpbm</a>.
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-
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-<P><B>ppmtompeg</B> produces an MPEG-1 video stream. MPEG-1 is the
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-first great video compression method, and is what is used in Video CDs
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-(VCD). <b>ppmtompeg</b> originated in the year 1995. DVD uses a more
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-advanced method, MPEG-2. There is an even newer method called MPEG-4
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-which is also called Divx. I don't know where one finds that used.
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-
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-<p>There's technically a difference between a compression method for
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-video and an actual file (stream) format for a movie, and I don't know
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-if it can be validly said that the format of the stream
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-<b>ppmtompeg</b> produces is MPEG-1.
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-
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-<p>Mencoder from the <a href="http://www.mplayerhq.hu">Mplayer
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-package</a> is probably superior for most video format generation
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-needs, if for no other reason than that it is more popular.
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-
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-<p>The programming library <a href="http://pm2v.free.fr"><b>PM2V</b></a>
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-generates MPEG-2 streams.
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-
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-<p>Use <a href="http://www.mplayerhq.hu">Mplayer</a> (not part of Netpbm)
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-to do the reverse conversion: to create a series of PNM files from an MPEG
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-stream.
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-
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-<p><i>param_file</i> is a parameter file which includes a list of
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-input files and other parameters. The file is described in detail
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-below.
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-
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-<P>To understand this program, you need to understand something about
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-the complex MPEG-1 format. One source of information about this
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-standard format is the section Introduction to MPEG in the <a
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-href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/compression-faq">Compression FAQ</a>.
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-
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-<H2 id="options">OPTIONS</H2>
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-
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-<p>The <b>-gop</b>, <b>-combine_gops</b>, <b>-frames</b>, and
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-<b>-combine_frames</b> options are all mutually exclusive.
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-
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-<DL COMPACT>
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-<DT><B>-stat stat_file</B>
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-
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-<DD>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to append the statistics that
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-it write to Standard Output to the file <I>stat_file</I> as well. The
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-statistics use the following abbreviations: bits per block (bpb), bits
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-per frame (bpf), seconds per frame (spf), and bits per second (bps).
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-
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-<p>These statistics include how many I, P, and B frames there were,
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-and information about compression and quality.
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-
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-
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-<DT><B>-quiet</b> <i>num_seconds</i>
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-
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-<DD> causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> not to report remaining time more often
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-than every <i>num_seconds</i> seconds (unless the time estimate rises,
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-which will happen near the beginning of the run). A negative value
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-tells <b>ppmtompeg</b> not to report at all. 0 is the default
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-(reports once after each frame). Note that the time remaining is an
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-estimate and does not take into account time to read in frames.
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-
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-<DT><B>-realquiet</B> <DD> causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to run silently,
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-with the only screen output being errors. Particularly useful when
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-reading input from stdin.
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-
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-<DT>
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-<B>-no_frame_summary</B>
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-
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-<DD> This option prevents <b>ppmtompeg</b> from printing a summary
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-line for each frame
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-
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-<DT><B>-float_dct</B>
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-
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-<DD> forces <b>ppmtompeg</b> to use a more accurate, yet more
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-computationally expensive version of the DCT.
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-
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-<DT><B>-gop</b> <i>gop_num</i>
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-<DD>
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-causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to encode only the numbered GOP (first GOP is 0). The
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-parameter file is the same as for normal usage. The output file will be
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-the normal output file with the suffix <b>.gop.</b><i>gop_num</i>.
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-<b>ppmtompeg</b> does not output any sequence information.
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-
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-<DT><B>-combine_gops</B>
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-
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-<DD> causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> simply to combine some GOP files into a
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-single MPEG output stream. <b>ppmtompeg</b> inserts a sequence header
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-and trailer. In this case, the parameter file needs only to contain
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-the SIZE value, an output file, and perhaps a list of input GOP
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-files (see below).
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-
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-If you don't supply a list of input GOP files is used, then
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-<b>ppmtompeg</b> assumes you're using the same parameter file you used
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-when you created the input (with the <b>-gop</b> option) and
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-calculates the corresponding gop filenames itself. If this is not the
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-case, you can specify input GOP files in the same manner as normal
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-input files -- except instead of using INPUT_DIR, INPUT, and
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-END_INPUT, use GOP_INPUT_DIR, GOP_INPUT, and GOP_END_INPUT. If no
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-input GOP files are specified, then the default is to use the output
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-file name with suffix <b>.gop.</b><i>gop_num</i>, with <i>gop_num</i>
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-starting from 0, as the input files.
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-
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-<p>Thus, unless you're mixing and matching GOP files from different
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-sources, you can simply use the same parameter file for creating the
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-GOP files (<b>-gop</b>) and for later turning them into an MPEG stream
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-(<b>-combine_gops</b>).
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-
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-
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-<DT><B>-frames <i>first_frame</i> <i>last_frame</i></B>
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-
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-<DD>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to encode only the frames numbered
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-<i>first_frame</i> to <i>last_frame</i>, inclusive. The parameter
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-file is the same as for normal usage. The output will be placed in
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-separate files, one per frame, with the file names being the normal
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-output file name with the suffix <b>.frame.</b><i>frame_num</i>. No
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-GOP header information is output. (Thus, the parameter file need not
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-include the GOP_SIZE value)
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-
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-<p>Use <b>ppmtompeg -combine_frames</b> to combine these frames later into
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-an MPEG stream.
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-
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-
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-<DT><B>-combine_frames</B>
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-
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-<DD> This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> simply to combine some
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-individual MPEG frames (such as you might have created with an earlier
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-run of <b>ppmtompeg -frames</b>) into a single MPEG stream. Sequence
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-and GOP headers are inserted appropriately. In this case, the
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-parameter file needs to contain only the SIZE value, the GOP_SIZE
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-value, an output file, and perhaps a list of frame files (see below).
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-
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-<p>The parameter file may specify input frame files in the same manner
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-as normal input files -- except instead of using INPUT_DIR, INPUT, and
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-END_INPUT, use FRAME_INPUT_DIR, FRAME_INPUT, and FRAME_END_INPUT. If
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-no input frame files are specified, then the default is to use the
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-output file name with suffix <b>.frame.</b><i>frame_num</i>, with
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-<i>frame_num</i> starting from 0, as the input files.
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-
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-
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-
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-<DT><B>-nice</B>
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-
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-<DD>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to run any remote processes
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-"nicely," i.e. at low priority. (This is relevant only if you are
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-running <b>ppmtompeg</b> in parallel mode. Otherwise, there are no
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-remote processes). See 'man nice.'
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-
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-<DT><B>-max_machines <i>num_machines</i></B>
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-
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-<DD>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to use no more than
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-<i>num_machines</i> machines as slaves for use in parallel encoding.
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-
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-<DT><B>-snr</B>
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-
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-<DD>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to include the signal-to-noise
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-ratio in the reported statistics. Prints SNR (Y U V) and peak SNR (Y
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-U V) for each frame. In summary, prints averages of luminance only
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-(Y). SNR is defined as 10*log(variance of original/variance of
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-error). Peak SNR is defined as 20*log(255/RMSE). Note that
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-<b>ppmtompeg</b> runs a little slower when you use this option.
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-
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-<DT><B>-mse</B>
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-
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-<DD>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to report the mean squared
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-error per block. It also automatically reports the quality of the
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-images, so there is no need to specify <b>-snr</b> then.
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-
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-<DT><B>-bit_rate_info</b> <i>rate_file</i>
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-
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-<DD> This option makes <b>ppmtompeg</b> write bit rate information
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-into the file <i>rate_file</i>. Bit rate information is bits per frame, and
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-also bits per I-frame-to-I-frame.
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-
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-<DT><B>-mv_histogram</B>
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-
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-<DD> This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to print a histogram of the
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-motion vectors as part of statistics. There are three histograms --
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-one for P frame, one for forward B frame, and one for backward B frame
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-motion vectors.
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-
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-<p>The output is in the form of a matrix, each entry corresponding to one
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-motion vector in the search window. The center of the matrix
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-represents (0,0) motion vectors.
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-
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-<dt><b>-debug_sockets</b>
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-
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-<dd>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to print to Standard Output
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-messages that narrate the communication between the machines when you run
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-<b>ppmtompeg</b> in <a href="#parallel">parallel mode</a>.
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-
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-<dt><b>-debug_machines</b>
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-
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-<dd>This option causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> to print to Standard Output
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-messages that narrate the progress of the conversion on the various
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-machines when you run <b>ppmtompeg</b> in <a href="#parallel">parallel
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-mode</a>.
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-
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-</DL>
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-
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-<H2 id="parmfile">PARAMETER FILE</H2>
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-
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-<P>The parameter file <strong>must</strong> contain the following
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-lines (except when using the <b>-combine_gops</b> or <b>-combine_frames</b>
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-options):
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-
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-<DL COMPACT>
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-
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-<DT><B>PATTERN</b> <i>pattern</i>
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-
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-<DD>This statement specifies the pattern (sequence) of I frames, P frames,
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-and B frames. <i>pattern</i> is just a sequence of the letters I, P, and
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-B with nothing between. Example:
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-
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-<pre>
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- PATTERN IBBPBBPBBPBBPBB
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-</pre>
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-
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-<p>See <a href="#ipb">I Frames, P Frames, B Frames</a>.
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-
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-<DT><B>OUTPUT</b> <i>output file</i>
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-<DD>This names the file where the output MPEG stream goes.
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-
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-<DT><B>INPUT_DIR</b> <i>directory</i>
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-
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-<DD>This statement tells where the input images (frames) come from.
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-If each frame is in a separate file, <i>directory</i> is the directory
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-where they all are. You may use <b>.</b> to refer to the current
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-directory. A null <i>directory</i> refers to the root directory of the
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-system file tree.
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-
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-<p>To have <b>ppmtompeg</b> read all the frames serially from Standard
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-Input, specify
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-<pre>
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- INPUT_DIR stdin
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-</pre>
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-
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-<DT><B>INPUT</b>
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-<DD>
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-This line must be followed by a list of the input files (in display order)
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-and then the line <B>END_INPUT</B>.
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-
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-<p>There are three types of lines between INPUT and END_INPUT. First,
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-a line may simply be the name of an input file. Second, the line
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-may be of the form <i>single_star_expr</i>
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-<b>[</b><i>x</i><b>-</b><i>y</i><b>]</b>.
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-<i>single_star_expr</i> can have a single <b>*</b> in it. It is
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-replaced by all the numbers between x and y inclusive. So, for
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-example, the line <b>tennis*.ppm [12-15]</b> refers to the files
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-tennis12.ppm, tennis13.ppm, tennis14.ppm, tennis15.ppm.
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-
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-<p>Uniform zero-padding occurs, as well. For example, the line
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-<b>football.*.ppm [001-130]</b> refers to the files football.001.ppm,
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-football.002.ppm, ..., football.009.ppm, football.010.ppm, ...,
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-football.130.ppm.
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-
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-<p>The third type of line is: <i>single_star_expr</i>
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-<b>[</b><i>x</i><b>-</b><i>y</i><b>+</b><i>s</i><b>]</b>, where the
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-line is treated exactly as above, except that we skip by <i>s</i>. Thus, the
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-line <b>football.*.ppm [001-130+4]</b> refers to the files
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-football.001.ppm, football.005.ppm, football.009.ppm,
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-football.013.ppm, etc.
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-
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-<p>Furthermore, a line may specify a shell command to execute to
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-generate lines to be interpreted as described above, as if those lines
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-were in the parameter file instead. Use back ticks, like in the
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-Bourne Shell, like this:
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-
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-<pre>
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- `cat myfilelist`
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-</pre>
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-
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-<p>
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-If input is from Standard Input (per the <b>INPUT_DIR</b> statement),
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-<b>ppmtompeg</b> ignores the <B>INPUT</b>/<b>END_INPUT</b> block, but
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-it still must be present.
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-
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-<DT><b>BASE_FILE_FORMAT</b> {<b>PPM</b> | <b>PNM</b> | <b>YUV</b> |
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- <b>JPEG</b> | <b>JMOVIE</b>}
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-
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-<DD><B>ppmtompeg</b> must convert all input files to one of the
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-following formats as a first step of processing: PNM, YUV, JPEG(v4),
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-or JMOVIE. (The conversion may be trivial if your input files are
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-already in one of these formats). This line specifies which of the
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-four formats. PPM is actually a subset of PNM. The separate
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-specification is allowed for backward compatibility. Use PNM instead
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-of PPM in new applications.
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-
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-<DT><b>INPUT_CONVERT</b> <i>conversion_command</i>
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-
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-<DD>You must specify how to convert a file to the base file format.
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-If no conversion is necessary, then you would just say:
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-
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- <pre>
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- INPUT_CONVERT *
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- </pre>
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-
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-<p>Otherwise, <i>conversion_command</i> is a shell command that causes
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-an image in the format your specified with <B>BASE_FILE_FORMAT</b> to
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-be written to Standard Output. <b>ppmtompeg</b> executes the command
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-once for each line between <b>INPUT</b> and <b>END_INPUT</b> (which is
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-normally, but not necessarily, a file name). In the conversion
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-command, <b>ppmtompeg</b> replaces each '*' with the contents of that
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-line.
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-
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- If you had a bunch of gif files, you might say:
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- <pre>
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- INPUT_CONVERT giftopnm *
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- </pre>
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-
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- If you have a bunch of separate a.Y, a.U, and a.V files (where
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- the U and V have already been subsampled), then you might say:
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-
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- <pre>
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- INPUT_CONVERT cat *.Y *.U *.V
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- </pre>
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-
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-<p>Input conversion is not allowed with input from stdin, so use
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-
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- <pre>
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- INPUT_CONVERT *
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- </pre>
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-
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-as described above.
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-
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-<DT><b>SIZE</b> <i>width</i><b>x</b><i>height</i>
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-
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-<dd>
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-
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-<p><i>width</i> and <i>height</i> are the width and height of each
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-frame in pixels.
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-
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-<p>When <b>ppmtompeg</b> can get this information from the input image
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-files, it ignores the <b>SIZE</b> parameter and you may omit it.
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-
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-<p>When the image files are in YUV format, the files don't contain
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-dimension information, so <b>SIZE</b> is required.
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-
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-<p>When <b>ppmtompeg</b> is running in parallel mode, not all of the
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-processes in the network have access to the image files, so
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-<b>SIZE</b> is required and must give the same dimensions as the
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-input image files.
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-
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-<DT><b>YUV_SIZE</b> <i>width</i><b>x</b><i>height</i>
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-
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-<dd>This is an obsolete synonym of <b>SIZE</b>.
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-
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-<DT><b>YUV_FORMAT</B> {<b>ABEKAS</b> | <b>PHILLIPS</b> | <b>UCB</B> |
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- <b>EYUV</b> | <i>pattern</i>}
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-
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-<DD>This is meaningful only when <b>BASE_FILE_FORMAT</b> specifies
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-YUV format, and then it is required. It specifies the sub-format of
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-the YUV class.
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-
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-
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-<DT><b>GOP_SIZE</b> <i>n</i>
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-
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-<DD><i>n</i> is the number of frames in a Group of Pictures. Except that
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-because a GOP must start with an I frame, <b>ppmtompeg</b> makes a GOP as
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-much longer than <i>n</i> as it has to to make the next GOP start with an
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-I frame.
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-
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-<p>Normally, it makes sense to make your GOP size a multiple of your
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-pattern length (the latter is determined by the PATTERN parameter file
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-statement).
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-
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-<p>See <a href="#gop">Group Of Pictures</a>.
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-
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-<DT><b>SLICES_PER_FRAME</b> <i>n</i>
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-<dd><i>n</i> is roughly the number of slices per frame. Note, at
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-least one MPEG player may complain if slices do not start at the left
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-side of an image. To ensure this does not happen, make sure the
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-number of rows is divisible by SLICES_PER_FRAME.
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-
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-<DT><b>PIXEL</b> {<b>FULL</b> | <b>HALF</b>}
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-
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-<dd>use half-pixel motion vectors, or just full-pixel ones It is
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-usually important that you use half-pixel motion vectors, because it
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-results in both better quality and better compression.
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-
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-
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-<DT><b>RANGE</b> <i>n</i>
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-<dd>Use a search range of <i>n</i> pixels in each of the four directions
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-from a subject pixel. (So the search window is a square <i>n</i>*2 pixels
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-on a side).
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-
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-<DT><b>PSEARCH_ALG</b> {<b>EXHAUSTIVE</B> | <b>TWOLEVEL</b> |
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- <b>SUBSAMPLE</b> | <b>LOGARITHMIC</b>}
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-
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-<dd>This statement tells <b>ppmtompeg</b> what kind of search
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- technique (algorithm) to use for P frames. You select the desired
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- combination of speed and compression. <b>EXHAUSTIVE</b> gives the
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- best compression, but <b>LOGARITHMIC</B> is the fastest.
|
|
- <B>TWOLEVEL</B> is an exhaustive full-pixel search, followed by a
|
|
- local half- pixel search around the best full-pixel vector (the
|
|
- PIXEL option is ignored for this search technique).
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>BSEARCH_ALG</b> {<b>SIMPLE</B> | <B>CROSS2</B> | <B>EXHAUSTIVE</B>}
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement tells <b>ppmtompeg</b> what kind of search
|
|
- technique (algorithm) to use for B frames. <b>SIMPLE</B> means
|
|
- find best forward and backward vectors, then interpolate.
|
|
- <B>CROSS2</B> means find those two vectors, then see what backward
|
|
- vector best matches the best forward vector, and vice versa.
|
|
- <b>EXHAUSTIVE</b> does an n-squared search and is
|
|
- <em>extremely</em> slow in relation to the others (<b>CROSS2</b>
|
|
- is about half as fast as <b>SIMPLE</B>).
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>IQSCALE</b> <i>n</i>
|
|
-<dd>Use <i>n</i> as the qscale for I frames.
|
|
- See <a href="#qscale">Qscale</a>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>PQSCALE</b> <i>n</i>
|
|
-<dd>Use <i>n</i> as the qscale for P frames.
|
|
- See <a href="#qscale">Qscale</a>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>BQSCALE</b> <i>n</i>
|
|
-<dd>Use <i>n</i> as the qscale for B frames.
|
|
- See <a href="#qscale">Qscale</a>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>REFERENCE_FRAME</b> {<B>ORIGINAL</B> | <b>DECODED</b>} <dd>This
|
|
-statement determines whether <b>ppmtompeg</b> uses the original images
|
|
-or the decoded images when computing motion vectors. Using decoded
|
|
-images is more accurate and should increase the playback quality of
|
|
-the output, but it makes the encoding take longer and seems to give
|
|
-worse compression. It also causes some complications with parallel
|
|
-encoding. (see the section on parallel encoding). One thing you can
|
|
-do as a trade-off is select <b>ORIGINAL</b> here, and lower the
|
|
-qscale (see <b>QSCALE</b> if the quality is not good enough.
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|
|
-summary="comparison of original to decoded">
|
|
- <caption>Original or Decoded? (Normalized)</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r c c c c c. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCCC">
|
|
- <th>Reference</th>
|
|
- <th>Compression</th>
|
|
- <th>Speed</th>
|
|
- <th>Quality I</th>
|
|
- <th>Quality P</th>
|
|
- <th>Quality B</th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Decoded</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">969</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">919</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Original</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">885</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1373</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">912</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">884</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- </table>
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-</dl>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The following lines are optional:
|
|
-
|
|
-<DL>
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><B>FORCE_ENCODE_LAST_FRAME</B>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement is obsolete. It does nothing.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Before Netpbm 10.26 (January 2005), <b>ppmtompeg</b> would drop
|
|
-trailing B frames from your movie, since a movie can't end with a B
|
|
-frame. (See <a href="#ipb">I Frames, P Frames, B Frames</a>.
|
|
-You would have to specify <b>FORCE_ENCODE_LAST_FRAME</b> to stop
|
|
-that from happening and get the same function that <b>ppmtompeg</b>
|
|
-has today.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>NIQTABLE</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement specifies a custom non-intra quantization table.
|
|
-If you don't specify this statement, <b>ppmtompeg</b> uses a default
|
|
-non-intra quantization table.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>
|
|
-The 8 lines immediately following <b>NIQTABLE</b> specify the quantization
|
|
-table. Each line defines a table row and consists of 8 integers,
|
|
-whitespace-delimited, which define the table columns.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><B>IQTABLE</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This is analogous to NIQTABLE, but for the intra quantization table.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>ASPECT_RATIO</b> <i>ratio</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement specifies the aspect ratio for <b>ppmtompeg</b> to
|
|
-specify in the MPEG output. I'm not sure what this is used for.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p><i>ratio</i> must be 1.0, 0.6735, 0.7031, 0.7615, 0.8055, 0.8437,
|
|
-0.8935, 0.9157, 0.9815, 1.0255, 1.0695, 1.0950, 1.1575, or 1.2015.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>FRAME_RATE</b> <i>rate</i>
|
|
-<dd>This specifies the frame rate for <b>ppmtompeg</b> to specify in the
|
|
-MPEG output. Some players use this value to determine the playback rate.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p><i>rate</i> must be 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 50, 59.94, or 60.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>BIT_RATE</b> <i>rate</i>
|
|
-<DD>This specifies the bit rate for Constant Bit Rate (CBR) encoding.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p><i>rate</i> must be an integer.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>BUFFER_SIZE</b> <i>size</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This specifies the value
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b> is to specify in the MPEG output for the Video
|
|
-Buffering Verifier (VBV) buffer size needed to decode the sequence.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>A Video Verifying Buffer is a buffer in which a decoder keeps the
|
|
-decoded bits in order to match the uneven speed of the decoding with
|
|
-the required constant playback speed.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>As <b>ppmtompeg</b> encodes the image, it simulates the decoding
|
|
-process in terms of how many bits would be in the VBV as each frame gets
|
|
-decoded, assuming a VBV of the size you indicate.
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>If you specify the <b>WARN_VBV_UNDERFLOW</b> statement,
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b> issues a warning each time the simulation underflows
|
|
-the buffer, which suggests that an underflow would occur on playback,
|
|
-which suggests the buffer is too small.
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>If you specify the <b>WARN_VBV_OVERFLOW</b> statement,
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b> issues a warning each time the simulation overflows
|
|
-the buffer, which suggests that an overflow would occur on playback,
|
|
-which suggests the buffer is too small.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><B>WARN_VBV_UNDERFLOW</B>
|
|
-<DT><B>WARN_VBV_OVERFLOW</B>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>See <b>BUFFER_SIZE</b>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>These options were new in Netpbm 10.26 (January 2005). Before that,
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b> issued the warnings always.
|
|
-
|
|
-</DL>
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-The following statements apply only to parallel operation:
|
|
-
|
|
-<DL>
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>PARALLEL</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement, paired with <b>END PARALLEL</B>, is what causes
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b> to operate in parallel mode. See <a
|
|
-href="#parallel">Parallel Operation</a>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<dt><b>END PARALLEL</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<DD>This goes with <b>PARALLEL</b>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>PARALLEL_TEST_FRAMES</b> <i>n</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>The master starts off by measuring each slave's speed. It does
|
|
-this by giving each slave <i>n</i> frames to encode and noting how
|
|
-long the slave takes to finish. These are not just test frames,
|
|
-though -- they're real frames and the results become part of the
|
|
-output.
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b> is old and measures time in undivided seconds, so
|
|
-to get useful timings, specify enough frames that it will take at
|
|
-least 5 seconds to process them. The default is 10.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>If you specify <b>FORCE_I_ALIGN</b>, <b>ppmtompeg</b> will increase
|
|
-the test frames value enough to maintain the alignment.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>If there aren't enough frames for every slave to have the indicated
|
|
-number of test frames, <b>ppmtompeg</b> will give some slaves fewer.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS</b> <i>t</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>When you specify this statement, the master attempts to feed work
|
|
-to the slaves in chunks that take <i>t</i> seconds to process. It uses
|
|
-the speed measurement it made when it started up (see PARALLEL_TEST_FRAMES)
|
|
-to decide how many frames to put in the chunk. This statement obviously
|
|
-doesn't affect the first batch of work sent to each slave, which is the
|
|
-one used to measure the slave's speed.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Smaller values of <i>t</i> increase communication, but improve load
|
|
-balancing. The default is 30 seconds.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>You may specify only one of PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS, PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER,
|
|
-and PARALLEL_PERFECT. PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER is usually best.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<DD>When you specify this statement, the master distributes work like
|
|
-with PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS, except that the master chooses the number
|
|
-of seconds for the chunks. It starts with a large number and, as it
|
|
-gets closer to finishing the job, reduces it. That way, it reduces
|
|
-scheduling overhead when precise scheduling isn't helpful, but still
|
|
-prevents a slave from finishing early after all the work has already
|
|
-been handed out to the other slaves, and then sitting idle while
|
|
-there's still work to do.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>You may specify only one of PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS, PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER,
|
|
-and PARALLEL_PERFECT. PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER is usually best.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>PARALLEL_PERFECT</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>If this statement is present, <b>ppmtompeg</b> schedules on the
|
|
-assumption that each machine is about the same speed. The master will
|
|
-simply divide up the frames evenly between the slaves -- each
|
|
-slave gets the same number of frames. If some slaves are faster than
|
|
-others, they will finish first and remain idle while the slower slaves
|
|
-continue.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>This has the advantage of minimal scheduling overhead. Where slaves
|
|
-have different speeds, though, it makes inefficient use of the fast
|
|
-ones. Where slaves are the same speed, it also has the disadvantage
|
|
-that they all finish at the same time and feed their output to the
|
|
-single Combine Server in a burst, which makes less efficient use of
|
|
-the Combine Server and thus can increase the total elapsed time.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>You may specify only one of PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS, PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER,
|
|
-and PARALLEL_PERFECT. PARALLEL_CHUNK_TAPER is usually best.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>RSH</b> <i>remote_shell_command</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<DD><b>ppmtompeg</b> executes the shell command
|
|
-<i>remote_shell_command</i> to start a process on another machine.
|
|
-The default command is <b>rsh</b>, and whatever command you specify
|
|
-must have compatible semantics. <b>ssh</b> is usually compatible.
|
|
-The command <b>ppmtompeg</b> uses is one like this:
|
|
-<b>ssh remote.host.com -l username shellcommand</b>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Be sure to set up <b>.rhosts</b> files or SSH key authorizations
|
|
-where needed. Otherwise, you'll have to type in passwords.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>On some HP machines, <b>rsh</b> is the restricted shell, and you want
|
|
-to specify <b>remsh</b>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><b>FORCE_I_ALIGN</b>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement forces each slave to encode a chunk of frames which
|
|
-is a multiple of the pattern length (see <b>PATTERN</b>). Since the
|
|
-first frame in any pattern is an I frame, this forces each chunk
|
|
-encoded by a slave to begin with an I frame.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>This document used to say there was an argument to
|
|
-<b>FORCE_I_ALIGN</b> which was the number of frames <b>ppmtompeg</b>
|
|
-would use (and was required to be a multiple of the pattern length).
|
|
-But <b>ppmtompeg</b> has apparently always ignored that argument, and
|
|
-it does now.
|
|
-
|
|
-<DT><B>KEEP_TEMP_FILES</B>
|
|
-
|
|
-<dd>This statement causes <b>ppmtompeg</b> not to delete the temporary
|
|
-files it uses to transmit encoded frames to the combine server. This
|
|
-means you will be left with a file for each frame, the same as you
|
|
-would get with the <b>-frames</b> option.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>This is mostly useful for debugging.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>This works only if you're using a shared filesystem to communicate
|
|
-between the servers.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>This option was new in Netpbm 10.26 (January 2005).
|
|
-
|
|
-</DL>
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<H3>Parameter File Notes</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<P> If you use the <b>-combine_gops</b> option, then you need to specify
|
|
-only the SIZE and OUTPUT values in the parameter file. In
|
|
-addition, the parameter file may specify input GOP files in the same
|
|
-manner as normal input files -- except instead of using INPUT_DIR,
|
|
-INPUT, and END_INPUT, use GOP_INPUT_DIR, GOP_INPUT, and GOP_END_INPUT.
|
|
-If you specify no input GOP files, then <b>ppmtompeg</b> uses by default the
|
|
-output file name with suffix <b>.gop.</b><i>gop_num</i>, with <i>gop_num</i>
|
|
-starting from 0, as the input files.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>If you use the <b>-combine_frames</b> option, then you need to
|
|
-specify only the SIZE, GOP_SIZE, and OUTPUT values in the
|
|
-parameter file. In addition, the parameter file may specify input
|
|
-frame files in the same manner as normal input files -- except instead
|
|
-of using INPUT_DIR, INPUT, and END_INPUT, use FRAME_INPUT_DIR,
|
|
-FRAME_INPUT, and FRAME_END_INPUT. If no input frame files are
|
|
-specified, then the default is to use the output file name with suffix
|
|
-<b>.frame.</b><i>frame_num</i>, with <i>frame_num</i> starting from 0,
|
|
-as the input files.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Any number of spaces and tabs may come between each option and value. Lines
|
|
-beginning with <b>#</b> are ignored. Any other lines are ignored except for
|
|
-those between INPUT and END_INPUT. This allows you to use the same
|
|
-parameter file for normal usage and for <b>-combine_gops</b> and
|
|
-<b>-combine_frames</b>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>The file format is case-sensitive so all keywords should be in
|
|
-upper case.
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>The statements may appear in any order, except that the order within
|
|
-a block statement (such as INPUT ... END INPUT) is significant.
|
|
-
|
|
-<P><b>ppmtompeg</b> is prepared to handle up to 16 B frames between
|
|
-reference frames when encoding with input from stdin. (To build a
|
|
-modified <b>ppmtompeg</b> with a higher limit, change the constant
|
|
-B_FRAME_RUN in frame.c and recompile).
|
|
-
|
|
-<H2 id="general">GENERAL USAGE INFORMATION</H2>
|
|
-
|
|
-<H3 id="qscale">Qscale</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The quantization scale values (qscale) give a trade-off between
|
|
-quality and compression. Using different Qscale values has very little
|
|
-effect on speed. The qscale values can be set separately for I, P, and
|
|
-B frames.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>You select the qscale values with the <B>IQSCALE</b>,
|
|
-<b>PQSCALE</b>, and <b>BSCALE</b> parameter file statements.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>A qscale value is an integer from 1 to 31. Larger numbers give
|
|
-better compression, but worse quality. In the following, the quality
|
|
-numbers are peak signal-to-noise ratio, defined as:
|
|
-<img src="ppmtompeg-snr.gif" alt="signal-to-noise formula" height="52" width="302">
|
|
-where MSE is the mean squared error.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Flower garden tests:
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="Qscale vs Quality">
|
|
- <caption>Qscale vs Quality</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r r r r. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center">
|
|
- <th>Qscale</th>
|
|
- <th>I Frames</th>
|
|
- <th>P Frames</th>
|
|
- <th>B Frames</th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">1</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">43.2</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">46.3</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">46.5</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">6</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">32.6</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">34.6</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">34.3</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">11</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">28.6</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">29.5</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">30.0</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">16</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">26.3</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">26.8</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">28.6</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">21</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">24.7</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">25.0</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">27.9</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">26</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">23.5</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">23.9</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">27.5</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">31</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">22.6</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">23.0</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">27.3</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
-</table>
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|
|
-summary="Qscale vs Compression">
|
|
- <caption>Qscale vs Compression</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r r r r. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center">
|
|
- <th>Qscale</th>
|
|
- <th>I Frames</th>
|
|
- <th>P Frames</th>
|
|
- <th>B Frames</th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">1</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">2</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">2</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">2</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">6</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">7</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">10</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">15</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">11</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">11</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">18</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">43</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">16</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">15</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">29</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">97</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">21</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">19</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">41</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">173</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">26</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">24</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">56</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">256</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">31</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">28</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">73</td>
|
|
- <td align="right">330</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
-</table>
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<h3>Search Techniques</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>There are several different motion vector search techniques
|
|
-available. There are different techniques available for P frame
|
|
-search and B frame search. Using different search techniques present
|
|
-little difference in quality, but a large difference in compression
|
|
-and speed.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>There are 4 types of P frame search: Exhaustive, TwoLevel,
|
|
-SubSample, and Logarithmic.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>There are 3 types of B frame search: Exhaustive, Cross2, and
|
|
-Simple.
|
|
-
|
|
-The recommended search techniques are TwoLevel and Logarithmic for
|
|
-P frame search, and Cross2 and Simple for B frame search. Here are
|
|
-some numbers comparing the different search methods:
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|
|
-summary="P frame motion vector search">
|
|
- <caption>P frame Motion Vector Search (Normalized)</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r c c c. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center">
|
|
- <th>Technique</th>
|
|
- <th>Compression<a href="#smallbetter"><sup>1</sup></a></th>
|
|
- <th>Speed <a href="#largefaster"><sup>2</sup></a></th>
|
|
- <th>Quality <a href="#largebetter"><sup>3</sup></a></th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Exhaustive</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">SubSample</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1008</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">2456</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">TwoLevel</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1009</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">3237</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Logarithmic</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1085</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">8229</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">998</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
-</table>
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|
|
-summary="B frame motion vector search">
|
|
- <caption>B frame Motion Vector Search (Normalized)</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r c c c. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center">
|
|
- <th>Technique</th>
|
|
- <th>Compression<a href="#smallbetter"><sup>1</sup></a></th>
|
|
- <th>Speed<a href="#largefaster"><sup>2</sup></a></th>
|
|
- <th>Quality<a href="#largebetter"><sup>3</sup></a></th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Exhaustive</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Cross2</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">975</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">996</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Simple</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">938</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1765</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">991</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
-</table>
|
|
-
|
|
-<a name="smallbetter"> </a><sup>1</sup>Smaller numbers are better
|
|
-compression.
|
|
-
|
|
-<a name="largefaster"> </a><sup>2</sup>Larger numbers mean faster
|
|
-execution.
|
|
-
|
|
-<a name="largebetter"> </a><sup>3</sup>Larger numbers mean better quality.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>For some reason, Simple seems to give better compression, but it
|
|
-depends on the image sequence.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Select the search techniques with the <B>PSEARCH_ALG</B> and
|
|
-<B>BSEARCH_ALG</b> parameter file statements.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<a name="gop"></a>
|
|
-<h3>Group Of Pictures (GOP)</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>A Group of Pictures (GOP) is a roughly independently decodable
|
|
-sequence of frames. An MPEG video stream is made of one or more
|
|
-GOP's. You may specify how many frames should be in each GOP with the
|
|
-<b>GOP_SIZE</b> parameter file statement. A GOP always starts with an
|
|
-I frame.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Instead of encoding an entire sequence, you can encode a single
|
|
-GOP. To do this, use the <b>-gop</b> command option. You can later
|
|
-join the resulting GOP files at any time by running <b>ppmtompeg</b>
|
|
-with the <b>-combine_gops</b> command option.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<h3>Slices</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>A slice is an independently decodable unit in a frame. It can be
|
|
-as small as one macroblock, or it can be as big as the entire frame.
|
|
-Barring transmission error, adding slices does not change quality or
|
|
-speed; the only effect is slightly worse compression. More slices are
|
|
-used for noisy transmission so that errors are more recoverable. Since
|
|
-usually errors are not such a problem, we usually just use one slice
|
|
-per frame.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Control the slice size with the <B>SLICES_PER_FRAME</B> parameter
|
|
-file statement.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Some MPEG playback systems require that each slice consist of whole
|
|
-rows of macroblocks. If you are encoding for this kind of player, if
|
|
-the height of the image is H pixels, then you should set the
|
|
-SLICES_PER_FRAME to some number which divides H/16. For example, if
|
|
-the image is 240 pixels (15 macroblocks) high, then you should use
|
|
-only 15, 5, 3, or 1 slices per frame.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Note: these MPEG playback systems are really wrong, since the MPEG
|
|
-standard says this doesn't have to be so.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<h3>Search Window</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The search window is the window in which <b>ppmtompeg</b> searches
|
|
-for motion vectors. The window is a square. You can specify the size
|
|
-of the square, and whether to allow half-pixel motion vectors or not,
|
|
-with the <b>RANGE</b> and <b>PIXEL</B> parameter file statements.
|
|
-
|
|
-<h3 id="ipb">I Frames, P Frames, B Frames</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>In MPEG-1, a movie is represented as a sequence of MPEG frames,
|
|
-each of which is an I Frame, a P Frame, or a B Frame. Each represents
|
|
-an actual frame of the movie (don't get confused by the dual use of
|
|
-the word "frame." A movie frame is a graphical image. An MPEG frame
|
|
-is a set of data that describes a movie frame).
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>An I frame ("intra" frame) describes a movie frame in isolation --
|
|
-without respect to any other frame in the movie. A P frame
|
|
-("predictive" frame) describes a movie frame by describing how it
|
|
-differs from the movie frame described by the latest preceding I or
|
|
-P frame. A B frame ("bidirectional" frame) describes a movie frame by
|
|
-describing how it differs from the the movie frames described by the
|
|
-nearest I or P frame before <em>and</em> after it.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Note that the first frame of a movie must be described by an I
|
|
-frame (because there is no previous movie frame) and the last movie
|
|
-frame must be described by an I or P frame (because there is no
|
|
-subsequent movie frame).
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Beyond that, you can choose which frames are represented by which
|
|
-types. You specify a pattern, such as IBPBP and <b>ppmtompeg</b>
|
|
-simply repeats it over and over throughout the movie. The pattern
|
|
-affects speed, quality, and stream size. Here is a chart which shows
|
|
-some of the trade-offs:
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|
|
-summary="Comparison of I/P/B Frames">
|
|
- <caption>Comparison of I/P/B Frames (Normalized)</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r c c c. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center">
|
|
- <th>Frame Type</th>
|
|
- <th>Size</th>
|
|
- <th>Speed</th>
|
|
- <th>Quality</th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">I frames</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">1000</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">P frames</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">409</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">609</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">969</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">B frames</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">72</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">260</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">919</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- </table>
|
|
-
|
|
-(this is with constant qscale)
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>A standard sequence is IBBPBBPBBPBBPBB.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Select the sequence with the <B>PATTERN</B> parameter file statement.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Since the last MPEG frame cannot be a B frame (see above), if the
|
|
-pattern you specify indicates a B frame for the last movie frame of
|
|
-the movie, <b>ppmtompeg</b> makes it an I frame instead.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Before Netpbm 10.26 (January 2005), <b>ppmtompeg</b> instead drops
|
|
-the trailing B frames by default, and you need the
|
|
-<b>FORCE_ENCODE_LAST_FRAME</b> parameter file statement to make it do
|
|
-this.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The MPEG frames don't appear in the MPEG-1 stream in the same order that
|
|
-the corresponding movie frames appear in the movie -- the B frames come after
|
|
-the I and P frames on which they are based. For example, if the movie is
|
|
-4 frames that you will represent with the pattern IBBP, the MPEG-1 stream
|
|
-will start with an I frame describing movie frame 0. The next frame in
|
|
-the MPEG-1 stream is a P frame describing movie frame 3. The last two
|
|
-frames in the MPEG-1 stream are B frames describing movie frames 1 and 2,
|
|
-respectively.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<h3>Specifying Input and Output Files</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Specify the input frame images with the <B>INPUT_DIR</B>,
|
|
-<B>INPUT</B>, <B>END_INPUT</B>, <B>BASE_FILE_FORMAT</B>,
|
|
-<B>SIZE</B>, <B>YUV_FORMAT</B> and <b>INPUT_CONVERT</B> parameter
|
|
-file statements.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Specify the output file with the <b>OUTPUT</b> parameter file statement.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<h3>Statistics</h3>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p><b>ppmtompeg</b> can generate a variety of statistics about the
|
|
-encoding. See the <b>-stat</b>, <b>-snr</b>, <b>-mv_histogram</b>,
|
|
-<b>-quiet</b>, <b>-no_frame_summary</b>, and <b>-bit_rate_info</b>
|
|
-options.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<H2 id="parallel">PARALLEL OPERATION</H2>
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>You can run <b>ppmtompeg</b> on multiple machines at once, encoding
|
|
-the same MPEG stream. When you do, the machines are used as shown in
|
|
-the following diagram. We call this "parallel mode."
|
|
-
|
|
-<p><img src="ppmtompeg-par.gif" alt="ppmtompeg-par.gif">
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>To do parallel processing, put the statement
|
|
-
|
|
-<pre>
|
|
- PARALLEL
|
|
-</pre>
|
|
-
|
|
-in the parameter file, followed by a listing of the machines, one
|
|
-machine per line, then
|
|
-
|
|
-<pre>
|
|
- END_PARALLEL
|
|
-</pre>
|
|
-
|
|
-Each of the machine lines must be in one of two forms. If the machine
|
|
-has filesystem access to the input files, then the line is:
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>
|
|
-<i>machine</i> <i>user</i> <i>executable</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>The executable is normally <b>ppmtompeg</b> (you may need to give
|
|
-the complete path if you've built for different architectures). If
|
|
-the machine does not have filesystem access to the input files, the line
|
|
-is:
|
|
-
|
|
-<P><b>REMOTE</b> <i>machine</i> <i>user</i> <i>executable</i>
|
|
-<i>parameter file</i>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The <b>-max_machines</b> command option limits the number of
|
|
-machines <b>ppmtompeg</b> will use. If you specify more machines in
|
|
-the parameter file than <b>-max_machines</b> allows, <b>ppmtompeg</b>
|
|
-uses only the machines listed first. This is handy if you want to
|
|
-experiment with different amounts of parallelism.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>In general, you should use full path file names when describing
|
|
-executables and parameter files. This <em>includes</em> the parameter
|
|
-file argument on the original invocation of <b>ppmtompeg</b>.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>All file names must be the same on all systems (so if e.g. you're
|
|
-using an NFS filesystem, you must make sure it is mounted at the same
|
|
-mountpoint on all systems).
|
|
-
|
|
-<P>Because not all of the processes involved in parallel operation
|
|
-have easy access to the input files, you must specify the <B>SIZE</B>
|
|
-parameter file statement when you do parallel operation.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The machine on which you originally invoke <b>ppmtompeg</b> is the
|
|
-master machine. It hosts a "combine server,", a
|
|
-"decode server," and a number of "i/o servers,"
|
|
-all as separate processes. The other machines in the network (listed
|
|
-in the parameter file) are slave machines. Each hosts a single
|
|
-process that continuously requests work from the master and does it.
|
|
-The slave process does the computation to encode MPEG frames. It
|
|
-processes frames in batches identified by the master.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The master uses a remote shell command to start a process on a
|
|
-slave machine. By default, it uses an <b>rsh</b> shell command to do
|
|
-this. But use the <b>RSH</b> parameter file statement to control
|
|
-this. The shell command the master executes remotely is
|
|
-<b>ppmtompeg</b>, but with options to indicate that it is to perform
|
|
-slave functions.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The various machines talk to each other over TCP connections. Each
|
|
-machine finds and binds to a free TCP port number and tells its
|
|
-partners the port number. These port numbers are at least 2048.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Use the PARALLEL_TEST_FRAMES, PARALLEL_TIME_CHUNKS, and
|
|
-PARALLEL_PERFECT parameter file statements to control the way the
|
|
-master divides up work among the slaves.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Use the <b>-nice</b> command option to cause all slave processes to run
|
|
-"nicely," i.e. as low priority processes. That way, this substantial and
|
|
-long-running CPU load will have minimal impact on other, possibly
|
|
-interactive, users of the systems.
|
|
-
|
|
-<A NAME="speed"> </A>
|
|
-<H2>SPEED</h2>
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Here is a look at <b>ppmtompeg</b> speed, in single-node (not parallel)
|
|
-operation:
|
|
-
|
|
-<table border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="Compression speed">
|
|
- <caption>Compression Speed</caption>
|
|
-<?makeman r c. ?>
|
|
-<?makeman _ ?>
|
|
- <tr align="center">
|
|
- <th>Machine Type</th>
|
|
- <th>Macroblocks per second<sup>1</sup></th>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">HP 9000/755</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">280</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">DEC 3000/400</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">247</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">HP 9000/750</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">191</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">Sparc 10</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">104</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
- <tr>
|
|
- <td align="right">DEC 5000</td>
|
|
- <td align="center">68</td>
|
|
- </tr>
|
|
-</table>
|
|
-<sup>1</sup>A macroblock is a 16x16 pixel square
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>The measurements in the table are with inputs and outputs via a
|
|
-conventional locally attached filesystem. If you are using a network
|
|
-filesystem over a single 10 MB/s Ethernet, that constrains your speed more
|
|
-than your CPU speed. In that case, don't expect to get better than 4
|
|
-or 5 frames per second no matter how fast your CPUs are.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Network speed is even more of a bottleneck when the slaves do not
|
|
-have filesystem access to the input files -- i.e. you declare them
|
|
-REMOTE.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>Where I/O is the bottleneck, size of the input frames can make a big
|
|
-difference. So YUV input is better than PPM, and JPEG is better than
|
|
-both.
|
|
-
|
|
-<p>When you're first trying to get parallel mode working, be sure to
|
|
-use the <b>-debug_machines</b> option so you can see what's going on.
|
|
-Also, <b>-debug_sockets</b> can help you diagnose communication
|
|
-problems.
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-<H2 id="authors">AUTHORS</H2>
|
|
-
|
|
-<UL>
|
|
-
|
|
-<LI>Kevin Gong - University of California, Berkeley, <A
|
|
-HREF="mailto:keving@cs.berkeley.edu">keving@cs.berkeley.edu</A>
|
|
-
|
|
-<LI>Ketan Patel - University of California, Berkeley, <A
|
|
-HREF="mailto:kpatel@cs.berkeley.edu">kpatel@cs.berkeley.edu</A>
|
|
-
|
|
-<LI>Dan Wallach - University of California, Berkeley, <A
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-HREF="mailto:dwallach@cs.berkeley.edu">dwallach@cs.berkeley.edu</A>
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-
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|
-<LI>Darryl Brown - University of California, Berkeley, <A
|
|
-HREF="mailto:darryl@cs.berkeley.edu">darryl@cs.berkeley.edu</A>
|
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-
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|
-<LI>Eugene Hung - University of California, Berkeley, <A
|
|
-HREF="mailto:eyhung@cs.berkeley.edu">eyhung@cs.berkeley.edu</A>
|
|
-
|
|
-<LI>Steve Smoot - University of California, Berkeley, <A
|
|
-HREF="mailto:smoot@cs.berkeley.edu">smoot@cs.berkeley.edu</A>
|
|
-
|
|
-</UL>
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-
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-<HR>
|
|
-<A NAME="index"> </A>
|
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-<H2>Table Of Contents</H2>
|
|
-<UL>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</A></LI>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#description">DESCRIPTION</A></LI>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#options">OPTIONS</A></LI>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#parmfile">PARAMETER FILE</A></LI>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#general">GENERAL USAGE INFORMATION</A></LI>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#parallel">PARALLEL OPERATION</A></LI>
|
|
-<LI><A HREF="#speed">SPEED</A></LI>
|
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-<LI><A HREF="#authors">AUTHORS</A></LI>
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-</UL>
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-</BODY>
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-</HTML>
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