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Auto sync2gitlab import of man-pages-4.15-7.el8.src.rpm
2022-05-26 15:19:50 +00:00
From 1cb64d264cb92d55cfa2b6d3ea5ebc1adca7444f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Nikola=20Forr=C3=B3?= <nforro@redhat.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Jul 2018 17:27:24 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] remove syscalls deprecated on aarch64
---
man2/_sysctl.2 | 1 -
man2/access.2 | 5 +
man2/alarm.2 | 105 --------------
man2/bdflush.2 | 133 -----------------
man2/chmod.2 | 5 +
man2/chown.2 | 7 +
man2/clone.2 | 21 +++
man2/dup.2 | 7 +
man2/epoll_create.2 | 5 +
man2/epoll_wait.2 | 5 +
man2/eventfd.2 | 5 +
man2/fork.2 | 337 ------------------------------------------
man2/futimesat.2 | 142 ------------------
man2/getdents.2 | 7 +
man2/inotify_init.2 | 5 +
man2/link.2 | 5 +
man2/mkdir.2 | 5 +
man2/mknod.2 | 5 +
man2/open.2 | 7 +
man2/pause.2 | 72 ---------
man2/pipe.2 | 5 +
man2/poll.2 | 5 +
man2/readlink.2 | 5 +
man2/recv.2 | 7 +
man2/rename.2 | 5 +
man2/rmdir.2 | 150 -------------------
man2/select.2 | 5 +
man2/send.2 | 7 +
man2/setpgid.2 | 5 +
man2/signalfd.2 | 5 +
man2/symlink.2 | 5 +
man2/sysctl.2 | 190 ------------------------
man2/time.2 | 140 ------------------
man2/umount.2 | 5 +
man2/unlink.2 | 5 +
man2/uselib.2 | 138 ------------------
man2/ustat.2 | 127 ----------------
man2/utime.2 | 9 +-
man2/vfork.2 | 346 --------------------------------------------
man2/wait4.2 | 7 +
40 files changed, 171 insertions(+), 1884 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 man2/_sysctl.2
delete mode 100644 man2/alarm.2
delete mode 100644 man2/bdflush.2
delete mode 100644 man2/fork.2
delete mode 100644 man2/futimesat.2
delete mode 100644 man2/pause.2
delete mode 100644 man2/rmdir.2
delete mode 100644 man2/sysctl.2
delete mode 100644 man2/time.2
delete mode 100644 man2/uselib.2
delete mode 100644 man2/ustat.2
delete mode 100644 man2/vfork.2
diff --git a/man2/_sysctl.2 b/man2/_sysctl.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e14d4b..0000000
--- a/man2/_sysctl.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-.so man2/sysctl.2
diff --git a/man2/access.2 b/man2/access.2
index 2d194b5..9d8f444 100644
--- a/man2/access.2
+++ b/man2/access.2
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR access ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR faccessat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR access ()
checks whether the calling process can access the file
.IR pathname .
If
diff --git a/man2/alarm.2 b/man2/alarm.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 43d7664..0000000
--- a/man2/alarm.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
-.\" and Copyright (C) 1993 Michael Haardt, Ian Jackson.
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified Wed Jul 21 19:42:57 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Modified Sun Jul 21 21:25:26 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
-.\" Modified Wed Nov 6 03:46:05 1996 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\"
-.TH ALARM 2 2017-05-03 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-alarm \- set an alarm clock for delivery of a signal
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.PP
-.BI "unsigned int alarm(unsigned int " seconds );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR alarm ()
-arranges for a
-.B SIGALRM
-signal to be delivered to the calling process in
-.I seconds
-seconds.
-.PP
-If
-.I seconds
-is zero, any pending alarm is canceled.
-.PP
-In any event any previously set
-.BR alarm ()
-is canceled.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-.BR alarm ()
-returns the number of seconds remaining until any previously scheduled
-alarm was due to be delivered, or zero if there was no previously
-scheduled alarm.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
-.SH NOTES
-.BR alarm ()
-and
-.BR setitimer (2)
-share the same timer; calls to one will interfere with use of the
-other.
-.PP
-Alarms created by
-.BR alarm ()
-are preserved across
-.BR execve (2)
-and are not inherited by children created via
-.BR fork (2).
-.PP
-.BR sleep (3)
-may be implemented using
-.BR SIGALRM ;
-mixing calls to
-.BR alarm ()
-and
-.BR sleep (3)
-is a bad idea.
-.PP
-Scheduling delays can, as ever, cause the execution of the process to
-be delayed by an arbitrary amount of time.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR gettimeofday (2),
-.BR pause (2),
-.BR select (2),
-.BR setitimer (2),
-.BR sigaction (2),
-.BR signal (2),
-.BR timer_create (2),
-.BR timerfd_create (2),
-.BR sleep (3),
-.BR time (7)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/bdflush.2 b/man2/bdflush.2
deleted file mode 100644
index ac0df3e..0000000
--- a/man2/bdflush.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Michael Chastain (mec@shell.portal.com), 15 April 1995.
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
-.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
-.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
-.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
-.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-.\"
-.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
-.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
-.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
-.\" intermediate and printed output.
-.\"
-.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
-.\"
-.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
-.\" License along with this manual; if not, see
-.\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified 1997-01-31 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 2004-06-17 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.TH BDFLUSH 2 2016-10-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-bdflush \- start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <sys/kdaemon.h>
-.PP
-.BI "int bdflush(int " func ", long *" address );
-.BI "int bdflush(int " func ", long " data );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.IR Note :
-Since Linux 2.6,
-.\" As noted in a changes in the 2.5.12 source
-this system call is deprecated and does nothing.
-It is likely to disappear altogether in a future kernel release.
-Nowadays, the task performed by
-.BR bdflush ()
-is handled by the kernel
-.I pdflush
-thread.
-.PP
-.BR bdflush ()
-starts, flushes, or tunes the buffer-dirty-flush daemon.
-Only a privileged process (one with the
-.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
-capability) may call
-.BR bdflush ().
-.PP
-If
-.I func
-is negative or 0, and no daemon has been started, then
-.BR bdflush ()
-enters the daemon code and never returns.
-.PP
-If
-.I func
-is 1,
-some dirty buffers are written to disk.
-.PP
-If
-.I func
-is 2 or more and is even (low bit is 0), then
-.I address
-is the address of a long word,
-and the tuning parameter numbered
-.RI "(" "func" "\-2)/2"
-is returned to the caller in that address.
-.PP
-If
-.I func
-is 3 or more and is odd (low bit is 1), then
-.I data
-is a long word,
-and the kernel sets tuning parameter numbered
-.RI "(" "func" "\-3)/2"
-to that value.
-.PP
-The set of parameters, their values, and their valid ranges
-are defined in the Linux kernel source file
-.IR fs/buffer.c .
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-If
-.I func
-is negative or 0 and the daemon successfully starts,
-.BR bdflush ()
-never returns.
-Otherwise, the return value is 0 on success and \-1 on failure, with
-.I errno
-set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EBUSY
-An attempt was made to enter the daemon code after
-another process has already entered.
-.TP
-.B EFAULT
-.I address
-points outside your accessible address space.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-An attempt was made to read or write an invalid parameter number,
-or to write an invalid value to a parameter.
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-Caller does not have the
-.B CAP_SYS_ADMIN
-capability.
-.SH VERSIONS
-Since version 2.23, glibc no longer supports this obsolete system call.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-.BR bdflush ()
-is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
-intended to be portable.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR sync (1),
-.BR fsync (2),
-.BR sync (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/chmod.2 b/man2/chmod.2
index 5c55553..9637954 100644
--- a/man2/chmod.2
+++ b/man2/chmod.2
@@ -91,6 +91,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.ad
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR chmod ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR fchmodat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
The
.BR chmod ()
and
diff --git a/man2/chown.2 b/man2/chown.2
index ef358e0..b917e5c 100644
--- a/man2/chown.2
+++ b/man2/chown.2
@@ -83,6 +83,13 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.ad
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR chown ()
+and
+.BR lchown ()
+system calls are DEPRECATED, use
+.BR fchownat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
These system calls change the owner and group of a file.
The
.BR chown (),
diff --git a/man2/clone.2 b/man2/clone.2
index 20ead6d..62bb4e6 100644
--- a/man2/clone.2
+++ b/man2/clone.2
@@ -1206,6 +1206,27 @@ On i386,
.BR clone ()
should not be called through vsyscall, but directly through
.IR "int $0x80" .
+
+.BR clone()
+replaces
+.BR fork (2)
+and
+.BR vfork (2)
+system calls.
+A call to
+.BR fork (2)
+is equivalent to a call to
+.BR clone ()
+specifying
+.I flags
+as just SIGCHLD.
+A call to
+.BR vfork (2)
+is equivalent to calling
+.BR clone ()
+with
+.I flags
+specified as: CLONE_VM | CLONE_VFORK | SIGCHLD.
.SH BUGS
GNU C library versions 2.3.4 up to and including 2.24
contained a wrapper function for
diff --git a/man2/dup.2 b/man2/dup.2
index 1829b5e..6782677 100644
--- a/man2/dup.2
+++ b/man2/dup.2
@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ dup, dup2, dup3 \- duplicate a file descriptor
.BI "int dup3(int " oldfd ", int " newfd ", int " flags );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR dup2 ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR dup3 ()
+with
+.I flags
+set to 0 instead!!!
+.PP
The
.BR dup ()
system call creates a copy of the file descriptor
diff --git a/man2/epoll_create.2 b/man2/epoll_create.2
index 2bc253d..64143d6 100644
--- a/man2/epoll_create.2
+++ b/man2/epoll_create.2
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ epoll_create, epoll_create1 \- open an epoll file descriptor
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR epoll_create ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR epoll_create1 ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR epoll_create ()
creates a new
.BR epoll (7)
instance.
diff --git a/man2/epoll_wait.2 b/man2/epoll_wait.2
index 5edf20e..c3793ef 100644
--- a/man2/epoll_wait.2
+++ b/man2/epoll_wait.2
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ epoll_wait, epoll_pwait \- wait for an I/O event on an epoll file descriptor
.BI " const sigset_t *" sigmask );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR epoll_wait ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR epoll_pwait ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
The
.BR epoll_wait ()
system call waits for events on the
diff --git a/man2/eventfd.2 b/man2/eventfd.2
index de2461f..0d06430 100644
--- a/man2/eventfd.2
+++ b/man2/eventfd.2
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ eventfd \- create a file descriptor for event notification
.BI "int eventfd(unsigned int " initval ", int " flags );
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR eventfd ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR eventfd2 ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR eventfd ()
creates an "eventfd object" that can be used as
an event wait/notify mechanism by user-space applications,
and by the kernel to notify user-space applications of events.
diff --git a/man2/fork.2 b/man2/fork.2
deleted file mode 100644
index c217a3a..0000000
--- a/man2/fork.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 2006 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\" A few fragments remain from an earlier (1992) page by
-.\" Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu),
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
-.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 13:22:07 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Modified 21 Aug 1994 by Michael Chastain (mec@shell.portal.com):
-.\" Referenced 'clone(2)'.
-.\" Modified 1995-06-10, 1996-04-18, 1999-11-01, 2000-12-24
-.\" by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\" Modified, 27 May 2004, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\" Added notes on capability requirements
-.\" 2006-09-04, Michael Kerrisk
-.\" Greatly expanded, to describe all attributes that differ
-.\" parent and child.
-.\"
-.TH FORK 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-fork \- create a child process
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <sys/types.h>
-.br
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.PP
-.B pid_t fork(void);
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR fork ()
-creates a new process by duplicating the calling process.
-The new process is referred to as the
-.I child
-process.
-The calling process is referred to as the
-.I parent
-process.
-.PP
-The child process and the parent process run in separate memory spaces.
-At the time of
-.BR fork ()
-both memory spaces have the same content.
-Memory writes, file mappings
-.RB ( mmap (2)),
-and unmappings
-.RB ( munmap (2))
-performed by one of the processes do not affect the other.
-.PP
-The child process is an exact duplicate of the parent
-process except for the following points:
-.IP * 3
-The child has its own unique process ID,
-and this PID does not match the ID of any existing process group
-.RB ( setpgid (2))
-or session.
-.IP *
-The child's parent process ID is the same as the parent's process ID.
-.IP *
-The child does not inherit its parent's memory locks
-.RB ( mlock (2),
-.BR mlockall (2)).
-.IP *
-Process resource utilizations
-.RB ( getrusage (2))
-and CPU time counters
-.RB ( times (2))
-are reset to zero in the child.
-.IP *
-The child's set of pending signals is initially empty
-.RB ( sigpending (2)).
-.IP *
-The child does not inherit semaphore adjustments from its parent
-.RB ( semop (2)).
-.IP *
-The child does not inherit process-associated record locks from its parent
-.RB ( fcntl (2)).
-(On the other hand, it does inherit
-.BR fcntl (2)
-open file description locks and
-.BR flock (2)
-locks from its parent.)
-.IP *
-The child does not inherit timers from its parent
-.RB ( setitimer (2),
-.BR alarm (2),
-.BR timer_create (2)).
-.IP *
-The child does not inherit outstanding asynchronous I/O operations
-from its parent
-.RB ( aio_read (3),
-.BR aio_write (3)),
-nor does it inherit any asynchronous I/O contexts from its parent (see
-.BR io_setup (2)).
-.PP
-The process attributes in the preceding list are all specified
-in POSIX.1.
-The parent and child also differ with respect to the following
-Linux-specific process attributes:
-.IP * 3
-The child does not inherit directory change notifications (dnotify)
-from its parent
-(see the description of
-.B F_NOTIFY
-in
-.BR fcntl (2)).
-.IP *
-The
-.BR prctl (2)
-.B PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
-setting is reset so that the child does not receive a signal
-when its parent terminates.
-.IP *
-The default timer slack value is set to the parent's
-current timer slack value.
-See the description of
-.BR PR_SET_TIMERSLACK
-in
-.BR prctl (2).
-.IP *
-Memory mappings that have been marked with the
-.BR madvise (2)
-.B MADV_DONTFORK
-flag are not inherited across a
-.BR fork ().
-.IP *
-Memory in address ranges that have been marked with the
-.BR madvise (2)
-.B MADV_WIPEONFORK
-flag is zeroed in the child after a
-.BR fork ().
-(The
-.B MADV_WIPEONFORK
-setting remains in place for those address ranges in the child.)
-.IP *
-The termination signal of the child is always
-.B SIGCHLD
-(see
-.BR clone (2)).
-.IP *
-The port access permission bits set by
-.BR ioperm (2)
-are not inherited by the child;
-the child must turn on any bits that it requires using
-.BR ioperm (2).
-.PP
-Note the following further points:
-.IP * 3
-The child process is created with a single thread\(emthe
-one that called
-.BR fork ().
-The entire virtual address space of the parent is replicated in the child,
-including the states of mutexes, condition variables,
-and other pthreads objects; the use of
-.BR pthread_atfork (3)
-may be helpful for dealing with problems that this can cause.
-.IP *
-After a
-.BR fork ()
-in a multithreaded program,
-the child can safely call only async-signal-safe functions (see
-.BR signal-safety (7))
-until such time as it calls
-.BR execve (2).
-.IP *
-The child inherits copies of the parent's set of open file descriptors.
-Each file descriptor in the child refers to the same
-open file description (see
-.BR open (2))
-as the corresponding file descriptor in the parent.
-This means that the two file descriptors share open file status flags,
-file offset,
-and signal-driven I/O attributes (see the description of
-.B F_SETOWN
-and
-.B F_SETSIG
-in
-.BR fcntl (2)).
-.IP *
-The child inherits copies of the parent's set of open message
-queue descriptors (see
-.BR mq_overview (7)).
-Each file descriptor in the child refers to the same
-open message queue description
-as the corresponding file descriptor in the parent.
-This means that the two file descriptors share the same flags
-.RI ( mq_flags ).
-.IP *
-The child inherits copies of the parent's set of open directory streams (see
-.BR opendir (3)).
-POSIX.1 says that the corresponding directory streams
-in the parent and child
-.I may
-share the directory stream positioning;
-on Linux/glibc they do not.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success, the PID of the child process is returned in the parent,
-and 0 is returned in the child.
-On failure, \-1 is returned in the parent,
-no child process is created, and
-.I errno
-is set appropriately.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EAGAIN
-.\" NOTE! The following should match the description in pthread_create(3)
-A system-imposed limit on the number of threads was encountered.
-There are a number of limits that may trigger this error:
-.RS
-.IP * 3
-the
-.BR RLIMIT_NPROC
-soft resource limit (set via
-.BR setrlimit (2)),
-which limits the number of processes and threads for a real user ID,
-was reached;
-.IP *
-the kernel's system-wide limit on the number of processes and threads,
-.IR /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max ,
-was reached (see
-.BR proc (5));
-.IP *
-the maximum number of PIDs,
-.IR /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max ,
-was reached (see
-.BR proc (5));
-or
-.IP *
-the PID limit
-.RI ( pids.max )
-imposed by the cgroup "process number" (PIDs) controller was reached.
-.RE
-.TP
-.B EAGAIN
-The caller is operating under the
-.BR SCHED_DEADLINE
-scheduling policy and does not have the reset-on-fork flag set.
-See
-.BR sched (7).
-.TP
-.B ENOMEM
-.BR fork ()
-failed to allocate the necessary kernel structures because memory is tight.
-.TP
-.B ENOMEM
-An attempt was made to create a child process in a PID namespace
-whose "init" process has terminated.
-See
-.BR pid_namespaces (7).
-.TP
-.B ENOSYS
-.BR fork ()
-is not supported on this platform (for example,
-.\" e.g., arm (optionally), blackfin, c6x, frv, h8300, microblaze, xtensa
-hardware without a Memory-Management Unit).
-.TP
-.BR ERESTARTNOINTR " (since Linux 2.6.17)"
-.\" commit 4a2c7a7837da1b91468e50426066d988050e4d56
-System call was interrupted by a signal and will be restarted.
-(This can be seen only during a trace.)
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
-.SH NOTES
-.PP
-Under Linux,
-.BR fork ()
-is implemented using copy-on-write pages, so the only penalty that it incurs
-is the time and memory required to duplicate the parent's page tables,
-and to create a unique task structure for the child.
-.SS C library/kernel differences
-Since version 2.3.3,
-.\" nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/fork.c
-rather than invoking the kernel's
-.BR fork ()
-system call,
-the glibc
-.BR fork ()
-wrapper that is provided as part of the
-NPTL threading implementation invokes
-.BR clone (2)
-with flags that provide the same effect as the traditional system call.
-(A call to
-.BR fork ()
-is equivalent to a call to
-.BR clone (2)
-specifying
-.I flags
-as just
-.BR SIGCHLD .)
-The glibc wrapper invokes any fork handlers that have been
-established using
-.BR pthread_atfork (3).
-.\" and does some magic to ensure that getpid(2) returns the right value.
-.SH EXAMPLE
-See
-.BR pipe (2)
-and
-.BR wait (2).
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR clone (2),
-.BR execve (2),
-.BR exit (2),
-.BR setrlimit (2),
-.BR unshare (2),
-.BR vfork (2),
-.BR wait (2),
-.BR daemon (3),
-.BR pthread_atfork (3),
-.BR capabilities (7),
-.BR credentials (7)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/futimesat.2 b/man2/futimesat.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 8991c98..0000000
--- a/man2/futimesat.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 2006, Michael Kerrisk
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.TH FUTIMESAT 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-futimesat \- change timestamps of a file relative to a \
-directory file descriptor
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <fcntl.h> /* Definition of AT_* constants */
-.B #include <sys/time.h>
-.PP
-.BI "int futimesat(int " dirfd ", const char *" pathname ,
-.BI " const struct timeval " times [2]);
-.fi
-.PP
-.in -4n
-Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
-.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
-.in
-.PP
-.BR futimesat ():
-_GNU_SOURCE
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This system call is obsolete.
-Use
-.BR utimensat (2)
-instead.
-.PP
-The
-.BR futimesat ()
-system call operates in exactly the same way as
-.BR utimes (2),
-except for the differences described in this manual page.
-.PP
-If the pathname given in
-.I pathname
-is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory
-referred to by the file descriptor
-.I dirfd
-(rather than relative to the current working directory of
-the calling process, as is done by
-.BR utimes (2)
-for a relative pathname).
-.PP
-If
-.I pathname
-is relative and
-.I dirfd
-is the special value
-.BR AT_FDCWD ,
-then
-.I pathname
-is interpreted relative to the current working
-directory of the calling process (like
-.BR utimes (2)).
-.PP
-If
-.I pathname
-is absolute, then
-.I dirfd
-is ignored.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success,
-.BR futimesat ()
-returns a 0.
-On error, \-1 is returned and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-The same errors that occur for
-.BR utimes (2)
-can also occur for
-.BR futimesat ().
-The following additional errors can occur for
-.BR futimesat ():
-.TP
-.B EBADF
-.I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
-.TP
-.B ENOTDIR
-.I pathname
-is relative and
-.I dirfd
-is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory.
-.SH VERSIONS
-.BR futimesat ()
-was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16;
-library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-This system call is nonstandard.
-It was implemented from a specification that was proposed for POSIX.1,
-but that specification was replaced by the one for
-.BR utimensat (2).
-.PP
-A similar system call exists on Solaris.
-.SH NOTES
-.SS Glibc notes
-If
-.I pathname
-is NULL, then the glibc
-.BR futimesat ()
-wrapper function updates the times for the file referred to by
-.IR dirfd .
-.\" The Solaris futimesat() also has this strangeness.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR stat (2),
-.BR utimensat (2),
-.BR utimes (2),
-.BR futimes (3),
-.BR path_resolution (7)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/getdents.2 b/man2/getdents.2
index 73d57cc..0a650fe 100644
--- a/man2/getdents.2
+++ b/man2/getdents.2
@@ -42,6 +42,13 @@ getdents, getdents64 \- get directory entries
.IR Note :
There are no glibc wrappers for these system calls; see NOTES.
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR getdents ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR getdents64 ()
+or
+.BR readdir (3)
+instead!!!
+.PP
These are not the interfaces you are interested in.
Look at
.BR readdir (3)
diff --git a/man2/inotify_init.2 b/man2/inotify_init.2
index cf95d03..b55979e 100644
--- a/man2/inotify_init.2
+++ b/man2/inotify_init.2
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ For an overview of the inotify API, see
.BR inotify (7).
.PP
.BR inotify_init ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR inotify_init1 ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR inotify_init ()
initializes a new inotify instance and returns a file descriptor associated
with a new inotify event queue.
.PP
diff --git a/man2/link.2 b/man2/link.2
index 0742aed..442115c 100644
--- a/man2/link.2
+++ b/man2/link.2
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR link ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR linkat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR link ()
creates a new link (also known as a hard link) to an existing file.
.PP
If
diff --git a/man2/mkdir.2 b/man2/mkdir.2
index 28839bd..9a2f151 100644
--- a/man2/mkdir.2
+++ b/man2/mkdir.2
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR mkdir ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR mkdirat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR mkdir ()
attempts to create a directory named
.IR pathname .
.PP
diff --git a/man2/mknod.2 b/man2/mknod.2
index 82134da..49ef104 100644
--- a/man2/mknod.2
+++ b/man2/mknod.2
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
.RE
.ad
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR mknod ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR mknodat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
The system call
.BR mknod ()
creates a filesystem node (file, device special file, or
diff --git a/man2/open.2 b/man2/open.2
index 0f9a9e7..2eec9c6 100644
--- a/man2/open.2
+++ b/man2/open.2
@@ -86,6 +86,13 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.ad
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR open ()
+and
+.BR creat ()
+system calls are DEPRECATED, use
+.BR openat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
The
.BR open ()
system call opens the file specified by
diff --git a/man2/pause.2 b/man2/pause.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a3aa54..0000000
--- a/man2/pause.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
-.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 14:48:00 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Modified 1995 by Mike Battersby (mib@deakin.edu.au)
-.\" Modified 2000 by aeb, following Michael Kerrisk
-.\"
-.TH PAUSE 2 2015-08-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-pause \- wait for signal
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.PP
-.B int pause(void);
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR pause ()
-causes the calling process (or thread) to sleep
-until a signal is delivered that either terminates the process or causes
-the invocation of a signal-catching function.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-.BR pause ()
-returns only when a signal was caught and the
-signal-catching function returned.
-In this case,
-.BR pause ()
-returns \-1, and
-.I errno
-is set to
-.\" .BR ERESTARTNOHAND .
-.BR EINTR .
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EINTR
-a signal was caught and the signal-catching function returned.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR kill (2),
-.BR select (2),
-.BR signal (2),
-.BR sigsuspend (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/pipe.2 b/man2/pipe.2
index 1f2e565..baffbee 100644
--- a/man2/pipe.2
+++ b/man2/pipe.2
@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ pipe, pipe2 \- create pipe
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR pipe ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR pipe2 ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR pipe ()
creates a pipe, a unidirectional data channel that
can be used for interprocess communication.
The array
diff --git a/man2/poll.2 b/man2/poll.2
index ea4fed9..8c7fb37 100644
--- a/man2/poll.2
+++ b/man2/poll.2
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ poll, ppoll \- wait for some event on a file descriptor
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR poll ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR ppoll ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR poll ()
performs a similar task to
.BR select (2):
it waits for one of a set of file descriptors to become ready
diff --git a/man2/readlink.2 b/man2/readlink.2
index 8a72a37..9b00999 100644
--- a/man2/readlink.2
+++ b/man2/readlink.2
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR readlink ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR readlinkat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR readlink ()
places the contents of the symbolic link
.I pathname
in the buffer
diff --git a/man2/recv.2 b/man2/recv.2
index c6d4c86..3400ea7 100644
--- a/man2/recv.2
+++ b/man2/recv.2
@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ recv, recvfrom, recvmsg \- receive a message from a socket
.BI "ssize_t recvmsg(int " sockfd ", struct msghdr *" msg ", int " flags );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR recv ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR recvfrom ()
+with a NULL
+.I src_addr
+argument!
+.PP
The
.BR recv (),
.BR recvfrom (),
diff --git a/man2/rename.2 b/man2/rename.2
index f8b4991..457e081 100644
--- a/man2/rename.2
+++ b/man2/rename.2
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR rename ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR renameat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR rename ()
renames a file, moving it between directories if required.
Any other hard links to the file (as created using
.BR link (2))
diff --git a/man2/rmdir.2 b/man2/rmdir.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 1eff7cd..0000000
--- a/man2/rmdir.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-.\" This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
-.\" and Copyright (C) 1993 Michael Haardt, Ian Jackson.
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Modified 1997-01-31 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.TH RMDIR 2 2015-08-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-rmdir \- delete a directory
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.PP
-.BI "int rmdir(const char *" pathname );
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR rmdir ()
-deletes a directory, which must be empty.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success, zero is returned.
-On error, \-1 is returned, and
-.I errno
-is set appropriately.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EACCES
-Write access to the directory containing
-.I pathname
-was not allowed, or one of the directories in the path prefix of
-.I pathname
-did not allow search permission.
-(See also
-.BR path_resolution (7).
-.TP
-.B EBUSY
-.I pathname
-is currently in use by the system or some process that prevents its
-removal.
-On Linux, this means
-.I pathname
-is currently used as a mount point
-or is the root directory of the calling process.
-.TP
-.B EFAULT
-.IR pathname " points outside your accessible address space."
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.I pathname
-has
-.I .
-as last component.
-.TP
-.B ELOOP
-Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving
-.IR pathname .
-.TP
-.B ENAMETOOLONG
-.IR pathname " was too long."
-.TP
-.B ENOENT
-A directory component in
-.I pathname
-does not exist or is a dangling symbolic link.
-.TP
-.B ENOMEM
-Insufficient kernel memory was available.
-.TP
-.B ENOTDIR
-.IR pathname ,
-or a component used as a directory in
-.IR pathname ,
-is not, in fact, a directory.
-.TP
-.B ENOTEMPTY
-.I pathname
-contains entries other than
-.IR . " and " .. " ;"
-or,
-.I pathname
-has
-.I ..
-as its final component.
-POSIX.1 also allows
-.\" POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008
-.B EEXIST
-for this condition.
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-The directory containing
-.I pathname
-has the sticky bit
-.RB ( S_ISVTX )
-set and the process's effective user ID is neither the user ID
-of the file to be deleted nor that of the directory containing it,
-and the process is not privileged (Linux: does not have the
-.B CAP_FOWNER
-capability).
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-The filesystem containing
-.I pathname
-does not support the removal of directories.
-.TP
-.B EROFS
-.I pathname
-refers to a directory on a read-only filesystem.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.3BSD.
-.SH BUGS
-Infelicities in the protocol underlying NFS can cause the unexpected
-disappearance of directories which are still being used.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR rm (1),
-.BR rmdir (1),
-.BR chdir (2),
-.BR chmod (2),
-.BR mkdir (2),
-.BR rename (2),
-.BR unlink (2),
-.BR unlinkat (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/select.2 b/man2/select.2
index c0a3a47..9fce598 100644
--- a/man2/select.2
+++ b/man2/select.2
@@ -73,6 +73,11 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200112L
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR select ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR pselect ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR select ()
and
.BR pselect ()
allow a program to monitor multiple file descriptors,
diff --git a/man2/send.2 b/man2/send.2
index e0bea6d..e5b4082 100644
--- a/man2/send.2
+++ b/man2/send.2
@@ -56,6 +56,13 @@ send, sendto, sendmsg \- send a message on a socket
", int " flags );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR send ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR sendto ()
+with a NULL
+.I dest_addr
+instead!!!
+.PP
The system calls
.BR send (),
.BR sendto (),
diff --git a/man2/setpgid.2 b/man2/setpgid.2
index 6f6b337..3574aed 100644
--- a/man2/setpgid.2
+++ b/man2/setpgid.2
@@ -99,6 +99,11 @@ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
.fi
.ad
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR getpgrp ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR getpgid ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
All of these interfaces are available on Linux,
and are used for getting and setting the
process group ID (PGID) of a process.
diff --git a/man2/signalfd.2 b/man2/signalfd.2
index 90e81ef..10ac204 100644
--- a/man2/signalfd.2
+++ b/man2/signalfd.2
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ signalfd \- create a file descriptor for accepting signals
.BI "int signalfd(int " fd ", const sigset_t *" mask ", int " flags );
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR signalfd ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR signalfd4 ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR signalfd ()
creates a file descriptor that can be used to accept signals
targeted at the caller.
This provides an alternative to the use of a signal handler or
diff --git a/man2/symlink.2 b/man2/symlink.2
index ce0cbe7..78ad595 100644
--- a/man2/symlink.2
+++ b/man2/symlink.2
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR symlink ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR symlinkat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR symlink ()
creates a symbolic link named
.I linkpath
which contains the string
diff --git a/man2/sysctl.2 b/man2/sysctl.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 849f1b5..0000000
--- a/man2/sysctl.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 1996 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Written 11 April 1996 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
-.\" 960412: Added comments from Stephen Tweedie
-.\" Modified Tue Oct 22 22:28:41 1996 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:31:04 1998 by aeb.
-.\"
-.TH SYSCTL 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-sysctl \- read/write system parameters
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.B #include <linux/sysctl.h>
-.PP
-.BI "int _sysctl(struct __sysctl_args *" args );
-.fi
-.PP
-.IR Note :
-There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B Do not use this system call!
-See NOTES.
-.PP
-The
-.BR _sysctl ()
-call reads and/or writes kernel parameters.
-For example, the hostname,
-or the maximum number of open files.
-The argument has the form
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-struct __sysctl_args {
- int *name; /* integer vector describing variable */
- int nlen; /* length of this vector */
- void *oldval; /* 0 or address where to store old value */
- size_t *oldlenp; /* available room for old value,
- overwritten by actual size of old value */
- void *newval; /* 0 or address of new value */
- size_t newlen; /* size of new value */
-};
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-This call does a search in a tree structure, possibly resembling
-a directory tree under
-.IR /proc/sys ,
-and if the requested item is found calls some appropriate routine
-to read or modify the value.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-Upon successful completion,
-.BR _sysctl ()
-returns 0.
-Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.BR EACCES ", " EPERM
-No search permission for one of the encountered "directories",
-or no read permission where
-.I oldval
-was nonzero, or no write permission where
-.I newval
-was nonzero.
-.TP
-.B EFAULT
-The invocation asked for the previous value by setting
-.I oldval
-non-NULL, but allowed zero room in
-.IR oldlenp .
-.TP
-.B ENOTDIR
-.I name
-was not found.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-This call is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs
-intended to be portable.
-A
-.BR sysctl ()
-call has been present in Linux since version 1.3.57.
-It originated in
-4.4BSD.
-Only Linux has the
-.I /proc/sys
-mirror, and the object naming schemes differ between Linux and 4.4BSD,
-but the declaration of the
-.BR sysctl ()
-function is the same in both.
-.SH NOTES
-Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using
-.BR syscall (2).
-Or rather...
-.I don't
-call it:
-use of this system call has long been discouraged,
-and it is so unloved that
-\fBit is likely to disappear in a future kernel version\fP.
-.\" See http://lwn.net/Articles/247243/
-Since Linux 2.6.24,
-uses of this system call result in warnings in the kernel log.
-.\" Though comments in suggest that it is needed by old glibc binaries,
-.\" so maybe it's not going away.
-Remove it from your programs now; use the
-.I /proc/sys
-interface instead.
-.PP
-This system call is available only if the kernel was configured with the
-.B CONFIG_SYSCTL_SYSCALL
-option.
-.SH BUGS
-The object names vary between kernel versions,
-making this system call worthless for applications.
-.PP
-Not all available objects are properly documented.
-.PP
-It is not yet possible to change operating system by writing to
-.IR /proc/sys/kernel/ostype .
-.SH EXAMPLE
-.EX
-#define _GNU_SOURCE
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <linux/sysctl.h>
-
-int _sysctl(struct __sysctl_args *args );
-
-#define OSNAMESZ 100
-
-int
-main(void)
-{
- struct __sysctl_args args;
- char osname[OSNAMESZ];
- size_t osnamelth;
- int name[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_OSTYPE };
-
- memset(&args, 0, sizeof(struct __sysctl_args));
- args.name = name;
- args.nlen = sizeof(name)/sizeof(name[0]);
- args.oldval = osname;
- args.oldlenp = &osnamelth;
-
- osnamelth = sizeof(osname);
-
- if (syscall(SYS__sysctl, &args) == \-1) {
- perror("_sysctl");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("This machine is running %*s\\n", osnamelth, osname);
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-}
-.EE
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR proc (5)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/time.2 b/man2/time.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 00a9b4d..0000000
--- a/man2/time.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
-.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 14:13:40 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Additions by Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, 970909
-.\"
-.TH TIME 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-time \- get time in seconds
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <time.h>
-.PP
-.BI "time_t time(time_t *" tloc );
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR time ()
-returns the time as the number of seconds since the
-Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC).
-.PP
-If
-.I tloc
-is non-NULL,
-the return value is also stored in the memory pointed to by
-.IR tloc .
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success, the value of time in seconds since the Epoch is returned.
-On error, \fI((time_t)\ \-1)\fP is returned, and \fIerrno\fP is set
-appropriately.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EFAULT
-.I tloc
-points outside your accessible address space (but see BUGS).
-.IP
-On systems where the C library
-.BR time ()
-wrapper function invokes an implementation provided by the
-.BR vdso (7)
-(so that there is no trap into the kernel),
-an invalid address may instead trigger a
-.B SIGSEGV
-signal.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001.
-.\" Under 4.3BSD, this call is obsoleted by
-.\" .BR gettimeofday (2).
-POSIX does not specify any error conditions.
-.SH NOTES
-POSIX.1 defines
-.I seconds since the Epoch
-using a formula that approximates the number of seconds between a
-specified time and the Epoch.
-This formula takes account of the facts that
-all years that are evenly divisible by 4 are leap years,
-but years that are evenly divisible by 100 are not leap years
-unless they are also evenly divisible by 400,
-in which case they are leap years.
-This value is not the same as the actual number of seconds between the time
-and the Epoch, because of leap seconds and because system clocks are not
-required to be synchronized to a standard reference.
-The intention is that the interpretation of seconds since the Epoch values be
-consistent; see POSIX.1-2008 Rationale A.4.15 for further rationale.
-.PP
-On Linux, a call to
-.BR time ()
-with
-.I tloc
-specified as NULL cannot fail with the error
-.BR EOVERFLOW ,
-even on ABIs where
-.I time_t
-is a signed 32-bit integer and the clock ticks past the time 2**31
-(2038-01-19 03:14:08 UTC, ignoring leap seconds).
-(POSIX.1 permits, but does not require, the
-.B EOVERFLOW
-error in the case where the seconds since the Epoch will not fit in
-.IR time_t .)
-Instead, the behavior on Linux is undefined when the system time is out of the
-.I time_t
-range.
-Applications intended to run after 2038 should use ABIs with
-.I time_t
-wider than 32 bits.
-.SH BUGS
-Error returns from this system call are indistinguishable from
-successful reports that the time is a few seconds
-.I before
-the Epoch, so the C library wrapper function never sets
-.I errno
-as a result of this call.
-.PP
-The
-.I tloc
-argument is obsolescent and should always be NULL in new code.
-When
-.I tloc
-is NULL, the call cannot fail.
-.\"
-.SS C library/kernel differences
-On some architectures, an implementation of
-.BR time ()
-is provided in the
-.BR vdso (7).
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR date (1),
-.BR gettimeofday (2),
-.BR ctime (3),
-.BR ftime (3),
-.BR time (7),
-.BR vdso (7)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/umount.2 b/man2/umount.2
index 292076c..b43443a 100644
--- a/man2/umount.2
+++ b/man2/umount.2
@@ -40,6 +40,11 @@ umount, umount2 \- unmount filesystem
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR umount ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR umount2 ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR umount ()
and
.BR umount2 ()
remove the attachment of the (topmost) filesystem mounted on
diff --git a/man2/unlink.2 b/man2/unlink.2
index b25b153..93bdb63 100644
--- a/man2/unlink.2
+++ b/man2/unlink.2
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ _ATFILE_SOURCE
.PD
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR unlink ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR unlinkat ()
+instead!!!
+.PP
+.BR unlink ()
deletes a name from the filesystem.
If that name was the
last link to a file and no processes have the file open, the file is
diff --git a/man2/uselib.2 b/man2/uselib.2
deleted file mode 100644
index df7bad5..0000000
--- a/man2/uselib.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
-.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
-.\" Modified 1996-10-22 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\" Modified 2005-01-09 by aeb
-.\"
-.TH USELIB 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-uselib \- load shared library
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.PP
-.BI "int uselib(const char *" library );
-.PP
-.IR Note :
-No declaration of this system call is provided in glibc headers; see NOTES.
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The system call
-.BR uselib ()
-serves to load
-a shared library to be used by the calling process.
-It is given a pathname.
-The address where to load is found
-in the library itself.
-The library can have any recognized
-binary format.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success, zero is returned.
-On error, \-1 is returned, and
-.I errno
-is set appropriately.
-.SH ERRORS
-In addition to all of the error codes returned by
-.BR open (2)
-and
-.BR mmap (2),
-the following may also be returned:
-.TP
-.B EACCES
-The library specified by
-.I library
-does not have read or execute permission, or the caller does not have
-search permission for one of the directories in the path prefix.
-(See also
-.BR path_resolution (7).)
-.TP
-.B ENFILE
-The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached.
-.TP
-.B ENOEXEC
-The file specified by
-.I library
-is not an executable of a known type;
-for example, it does not have the correct magic numbers.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-.BR uselib ()
-is Linux-specific, and should not be used in programs
-intended to be portable.
-.SH NOTES
-This obsolete system call is not supported by glibc.
-No declaration is provided in glibc headers, but, through a quirk of history,
-glibc versions before 2.23 did export an ABI for this system call.
-Therefore, in order to employ this system call,
-it was sufficient to manually declare the interface in your code;
-alternatively, you could invoke the system call using
-.BR syscall (2).
-.PP
-In ancient libc versions,
-.BR uselib ()
-was used to load
-the shared libraries with names found in an array of names
-in the binary.
-.PP
-.\" libc 4.3.1f - changelog 1993-03-02
-Since libc 4.3.2, startup code tries to prefix these names
-with "/usr/lib", "/lib" and "" before giving up.
-.\" libc 4.3.4 - changelog 1993-04-21
-In libc 4.3.4 and later these names are looked for in the directories
-found in
-.BR LD_LIBRARY_PATH ,
-and if not found there,
-prefixes "/usr/lib", "/lib" and "/" are tried.
-.PP
-From libc 4.4.4 on only the library "/lib/ld.so" is loaded,
-so that this dynamic library can load the remaining libraries needed
-(again using this call).
-This is also the state of affairs in libc5.
-.PP
-glibc2 does not use this call.
-.PP
-Since Linux 3.15,
-.\" commit 69369a7003735d0d8ef22097e27a55a8bad9557a
-this system call is available only when the kernel is configured with the
-.B CONFIG_USELIB
-option.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR ar (1),
-.BR gcc (1),
-.BR ld (1),
-.BR ldd (1),
-.BR mmap (2),
-.BR open (2),
-.BR dlopen (3),
-.BR capabilities (7),
-.BR ld.so (8)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/ustat.2 b/man2/ustat.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 41e9a88..0000000
--- a/man2/ustat.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (C) 1995, Thomas K. Dyas <tdyas@eden.rutgers.edu>
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" Created 1995-08-09 Thomas K. Dyas <tdyas@eden.rutgers.edu>
-.\" Modified 1997-01-31 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-.\" Modified 2001-03-22 by aeb
-.\" Modified 2003-08-04 by aeb
-.\"
-.TH USTAT 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-ustat \- get filesystem statistics
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <sys/types.h>
-.BR "#include <unistd.h>" " /* libc[45] */"
-.BR "#include <ustat.h>" " /* glibc2 */"
-.PP
-.BI "int ustat(dev_t " dev ", struct ustat *" ubuf );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BR ustat ()
-returns information about a mounted filesystem.
-.I dev
-is a device number identifying a device containing
-a mounted filesystem.
-.I ubuf
-is a pointer to a
-.I ustat
-structure that contains the following
-members:
-.PP
-.in +4n
-.EX
-daddr_t f_tfree; /* Total free blocks */
-ino_t f_tinode; /* Number of free inodes */
-char f_fname[6]; /* Filsys name */
-char f_fpack[6]; /* Filsys pack name */
-.EE
-.in
-.PP
-The last two fields,
-.I f_fname
-and
-.IR f_fpack ,
-are not implemented and will
-always be filled with null bytes (\(aq\\0\(aq).
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-On success, zero is returned and the
-.I ustat
-structure pointed to by
-.I ubuf
-will be filled in.
-On error, \-1 is returned, and
-.I errno
-is set appropriately.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EFAULT
-.I ubuf
-points outside of your accessible address space.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.I dev
-does not refer to a device containing a mounted filesystem.
-.TP
-.B ENOSYS
-The mounted filesystem referenced by
-.I dev
-does not support this operation, or any version of Linux before
-1.3.16.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-SVr4.
-.\" SVr4 documents additional error conditions ENOLINK, ECOMM, and EINTR
-.\" but has no ENOSYS condition.
-.SH NOTES
-.BR ustat ()
-is deprecated and has been provided only for compatibility.
-All new programs should use
-.BR statfs (2)
-instead.
-.SS HP-UX notes
-The HP-UX version of the
-.I ustat
-structure has an additional field,
-.IR f_blksize ,
-that is unknown elsewhere.
-HP-UX warns:
-For some filesystems, the number of free inodes does not change.
-Such filesystems will return \-1 in the field
-.IR f_tinode .
-.\" Some software tries to use this in order to test whether the
-.\" underlying filesystem is NFS.
-For some filesystems, inodes are dynamically allocated.
-Such filesystems will return the current number of free inodes.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR stat (2),
-.BR statfs (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/utime.2 b/man2/utime.2
index 6c848e8..6393289 100644
--- a/man2/utime.2
+++ b/man2/utime.2
@@ -43,9 +43,12 @@ utime, utimes \- change file last access and modification times
.BI "int utimes(const char *" filename ", const struct timeval " times [2]);
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
-.B Note:
-modern applications may prefer to use the interfaces described in
-.BR utimensat (2).
+.BR utime ()
+and
+.BR utimes ()
+system calls are DEPRECATED, use
+.BR utimensat (2)
+instead!!!
.PP
The
.BR utime ()
diff --git a/man2/vfork.2 b/man2/vfork.2
deleted file mode 100644
index 32d6042..0000000
--- a/man2/vfork.2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,346 +0,0 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl), 1 Nov 1999
-.\" and Copyright 2006, 2012, 2017 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
-.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-.\" preserved on all copies.
-.\"
-.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-.\" permission notice identical to this one.
-.\"
-.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
-.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
-.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
-.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
-.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
-.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
-.\" professionally.
-.\"
-.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
-.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
-.\" %%%LICENSE_END
-.\"
-.\" 1999-11-10: Merged text taken from the page contributed by
-.\" Reed H. Petty (rhp@draper.net)
-.\"
-.TH VFORK 2 2017-09-15 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
-.SH NAME
-vfork \- create a child process and block parent
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <sys/types.h>
-.br
-.B #include <unistd.h>
-.PP
-.B pid_t vfork(void);
-.PP
-.in -4n
-Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
-.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
-.in
-.PP
-.BR vfork ():
-.ad l
-.RS 4
-.PD 0
-.TP 4
-Since glibc 2.12:
-.nf
-(_XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500) && ! (_POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 200809L)
- || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
- || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE
-.TP 4
-.fi
-Before glibc 2.12:
-_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
-.\" || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
-.PD
-.RE
-.ad b
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.SS Standard description
-(From POSIX.1)
-The
-.BR vfork ()
-function has the same effect as
-.BR fork (2),
-except that the behavior is undefined if the process created by
-.BR vfork ()
-either modifies any data other than a variable of type
-.I pid_t
-used to store the return value from
-.BR vfork (),
-or returns from the function in which
-.BR vfork ()
-was called, or calls any other function before successfully calling
-.BR _exit (2)
-or one of the
-.BR exec (3)
-family of functions.
-.SS Linux description
-.BR vfork (),
-just like
-.BR fork (2),
-creates a child process of the calling process.
-For details and return value and errors, see
-.BR fork (2).
-.PP
-.BR vfork ()
-is a special case of
-.BR clone (2).
-It is used to create new processes without copying the page tables of
-the parent process.
-It may be useful in performance-sensitive applications
-where a child is created which then immediately issues an
-.BR execve (2).
-.PP
-.BR vfork ()
-differs from
-.BR fork (2)
-in that the calling thread is suspended until the child terminates
-(either normally,
-by calling
-.BR _exit (2),
-or abnormally, after delivery of a fatal signal),
-or it makes a call to
-.BR execve (2).
-Until that point, the child shares all memory with its parent,
-including the stack.
-The child must not return from the current function or call
-.BR exit (3)
-(which would have the effect of calling exit handlers
-established by the parent process and flushing the parent's
-.BR stdio (3)
-buffers), but may call
-.BR _exit (2).
-.PP
-As with
-.BR fork (2),
-the child process created by
-.BR vfork ()
-inherits copies of various of the caller's process attributes
-(e.g., file descriptors, signal dispositions, and current working directory);
-the
-.BR vfork ()
-call differs only in the treatment of the virtual address space,
-as described above.
-.PP
-Signals sent to the parent
-arrive after the child releases the parent's memory
-(i.e., after the child terminates
-or calls
-.BR execve (2)).
-.SS Historic description
-Under Linux,
-.BR fork (2)
-is implemented using copy-on-write pages, so the only penalty incurred by
-.BR fork (2)
-is the time and memory required to duplicate the parent's page tables,
-and to create a unique task structure for the child.
-However, in the bad old days a
-.BR fork (2)
-would require making a complete copy of the caller's data space,
-often needlessly, since usually immediately afterward an
-.BR exec (3)
-is done.
-Thus, for greater efficiency, BSD introduced the
-.BR vfork ()
-system call, which did not fully copy the address space of
-the parent process, but borrowed the parent's memory and thread
-of control until a call to
-.BR execve (2)
-or an exit occurred.
-The parent process was suspended while the
-child was using its resources.
-The use of
-.BR vfork ()
-was tricky: for example, not modifying data
-in the parent process depended on knowing which variables were
-held in a register.
-.SH CONFORMING TO
-4.3BSD; POSIX.1-2001 (but marked OBSOLETE).
-POSIX.1-2008 removes the specification of
-.BR vfork ().
-.PP
-The requirements put on
-.BR vfork ()
-by the standards are weaker than those put on
-.BR fork (2),
-so an implementation where the two are synonymous is compliant.
-In particular, the programmer cannot rely on the parent
-remaining blocked until the child either terminates or calls
-.BR execve (2),
-and cannot rely on any specific behavior with respect to shared memory.
-.\" In AIXv3.1 vfork is equivalent to fork.
-.SH NOTES
-.PP
-Some consider the semantics of
-.BR vfork ()
-to be an architectural blemish, and the 4.2BSD man page stated:
-"This system call will be eliminated when proper system sharing mechanisms
-are implemented.
-Users should not depend on the memory sharing semantics of
-.BR vfork ()
-as it will, in that case, be made synonymous to
-.BR fork (2).\c
-"
-However, even though modern memory management hardware
-has decreased the performance difference between
-.BR fork (2)
-and
-.BR vfork (),
-there are various reasons why Linux and other systems have retained
-.BR vfork ():
-.IP * 3
-Some performance-critical applications require the small performance
-advantage conferred by
-.BR vfork ().
-.IP *
-.BR vfork ()
-can be implemented on systems that lack a memory-management unit (MMU), but
-.BR fork (2)
-can't be implemented on such systems.
-(POSIX.1-2008 removed
-.BR vfork ()
-from the standard; the POSIX rationale for the
-.BR posix_spawn (3)
-function notes that that function,
-which provides functionality equivalent to
-.BR fork (2)+ exec (3),
-is designed to be implementable on systems that lack an MMU.)
-.\" http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4259629/what-is-the-difference-between-fork-and-vfork
-.\" http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/subprocess/subprocess.html
-.\" http://mailman.uclinux.org/pipermail/uclinux-dev/2009-April/000684.html
-.\"
-.IP *
-On systems where memory is constrained,
-.BR vfork ()
-avoids the need to temporarily commit memory (see the description of
-.IR /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
-in
-.BR proc (5))
-in order to execute a new program.
-(This can be especially beneficial where a large parent process wishes
-to execute a small helper program in a child process.)
-By contrast, using
-.BR fork (2)
-in this scenario requires either committing an amount of memory equal
-to the size of the parent process (if strict overcommitting is in force)
-or overcommitting memory with the risk that a process is terminated
-by the out-of-memory (OOM) killer.
-.\"
-.SS Caveats
-The child process should take care not to modify the memory in unintended ways,
-since such changes will be seen by the parent process once
-the child terminates or executes another program.
-In this regard, signal handlers can be especially problematic:
-if a signal handler that is invoked in the child of
-.BR vfork ()
-changes memory, those changes may result in an inconsistent process state
-from the perspective of the parent process
-(e.g., memory changes would be visible in the parent,
-but changes to the state of open file descriptors would not be visible).
-.PP
-When
-.BR vfork ()
-is called in a multithreaded process,
-only the calling thread is suspended until the child terminates
-or executes a new program.
-This means that the child is sharing an address space with other running code.
-This can be dangerous if another thread in the parent process
-changes credentials (using
-.BR setuid (2)
-or similar),
-since there are now two processes with different privilege levels
-running in the same address space.
-As an example of the dangers,
-suppose that a multithreaded program running as root creates a child using
-.BR vfork ().
-After the
-.BR vfork (),
-a thread in the parent process drops the process to an unprivileged user
-in order to run some untrusted code
-(e.g., perhaps via plug-in opened with
-.BR dlopen (3)).
-In this case, attacks are possible where the parent process uses
-.BR mmap (2)
-to map in code that will be executed by the privileged child process.
-.\"
-.SS Linux notes
-Fork handlers established using
-.BR pthread_atfork (3)
-are not called when a multithreaded program employing
-the NPTL threading library calls
-.BR vfork ().
-Fork handlers are called in this case in a program using the
-LinuxThreads threading library.
-(See
-.BR pthreads (7)
-for a description of Linux threading libraries.)
-.PP
-A call to
-.BR vfork ()
-is equivalent to calling
-.BR clone (2)
-with
-.I flags
-specified as:
-.PP
- CLONE_VM | CLONE_VFORK | SIGCHLD
-.SS History
-The
-.BR vfork ()
-system call appeared in 3.0BSD.
-.\" In the release notes for 4.2BSD Sam Leffler wrote: `vfork: Is still
-.\" present, but definitely on its way out'.
-In 4.4BSD it was made synonymous to
-.BR fork (2)
-but NetBSD introduced it again;
-see
-.UR http://www.netbsd.org\:/Documentation\:/kernel\:/vfork.html
-.UE .
-In Linux, it has been equivalent to
-.BR fork (2)
-until 2.2.0-pre6 or so.
-Since 2.2.0-pre9 (on i386, somewhat later on
-other architectures) it is an independent system call.
-Support was added in glibc 2.0.112.
-.SH BUGS
-.PP
-Details of the signal handling are obscure and differ between systems.
-The BSD man page states:
-"To avoid a possible deadlock situation, processes that are children
-in the middle of a
-.BR vfork ()
-are never sent
-.B SIGTTOU
-or
-.B SIGTTIN
-signals; rather, output or
-.IR ioctl s
-are allowed and input attempts result in an end-of-file indication."
-.\"
-.\" As far as I can tell, the following is not true in 2.6.19:
-.\" Currently (Linux 2.3.25),
-.\" .BR strace (1)
-.\" cannot follow
-.\" .BR vfork ()
-.\" and requires a kernel patch.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR clone (2),
-.BR execve (2),
-.BR _exit (2),
-.BR fork (2),
-.BR unshare (2),
-.BR wait (2)
-.SH COLOPHON
-This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux
-.I man-pages
-project.
-A description of the project,
-information about reporting bugs,
-and the latest version of this page,
-can be found at
-\%https://www.kernel.org/doc/man\-pages/.
diff --git a/man2/wait4.2 b/man2/wait4.2
index be31213..4fe7214 100644
--- a/man2/wait4.2
+++ b/man2/wait4.2
@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
_BSD_SOURCE
.ad
.SH DESCRIPTION
+.BR wait4 ()
+system call is DEPRECATED, use
+.BR waitpid (2)
+or
+.BR waitid (2)
+instead!!!
+.PP
These functions are obsolete; use
.BR waitpid (2)
or
--
2.17.1
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