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<title>Lorax — Lorax 19.7.15 documentation</title>
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<div class="section" id="lorax">
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<h1>Lorax<a class="headerlink" href="#lorax" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
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<col class="field-name" />
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<col class="field-body" />
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<tbody valign="top">
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<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Authors:</th><td class="field-body">Brian C. Lane <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:bcl%40redhat.com">bcl<span>@</span>redhat<span>.</span>com</a>></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>“I am the Lorax. I speak for the trees [and images].”</p>
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<p>The <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/lorax">lorax</a> tool is used to create the
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<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/anaconda">Anaconda</a> installer boot.iso as
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well as the basic release tree, and .treeinfo metadata file. Its dependencies
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are fairly light-weight because it needs to be able to run in a mock chroot
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environment. It is best to run lorax from the same release as is being targeted
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because the templates may have release specific logic in them. eg. Use the
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rawhide version to build the boot.iso for rawhide, along with the rawhide
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repositories.</p>
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<div class="section" id="lorax-cmdline-arguments">
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<h2>lorax cmdline arguments<a class="headerlink" href="#lorax-cmdline-arguments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>See the output from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lorax</span> <span class="pre">--help</span></tt> for the commandline arguments.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="quickstart">
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<h2>Quickstart<a class="headerlink" href="#quickstart" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Run this as root to create a boot.iso in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">./results/</span></tt>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>yum install lorax
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setenforce 0
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lorax -p RHEL -v 7 -r 7 \
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-s http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/os/x86_64/ \
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-s http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/updates/x86_64/ \
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./results/
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setenforce 1</pre>
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</div>
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<p>You can add your own repos with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-s</span></tt> and packages with higher NVRs will
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override the ones in the distribution repositories.</p>
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<p>Under <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">./results/</span></tt> will be the release tree files: .discinfo, .treeinfo, everything that
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goes onto the boot.iso, the pxeboot directory, and the boot.iso under <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">./images/</span></tt>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="running-inside-of-mock">
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<h2>Running inside of mock<a class="headerlink" href="#running-inside-of-mock" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>If you are using lorax with mock v1.3.4 or later you will need to pass
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--old-chroot</span></tt> to mock. Mock now defaults to using systemd-nspawn which cannot
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create the needed loop device nodes. Passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--old-chroot</span></tt> will use the old
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system where <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/dev/loop*</span></tt> is setup for you.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="how-it-works">
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<h2>How it works<a class="headerlink" href="#how-it-works" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Lorax uses <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rpm-software-management/yum">yum</a> to install
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packages into a temporary directory, sets up configuration files, it then
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removes unneeded files to save space, and creates a squashfs filesystem of the
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files. The iso is then built using a generic initramfs and the kernel from the
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selected repositories.</p>
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<p>To drive these processes Lorax uses a custom template system, based on <a class="reference external" href="http://www.makotemplates.org/">Mako
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templates</a> with the addition of custom
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commands (documented in <a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner</span></tt></a>). Mako
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supports <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%if/%endif</span></tt> blocks as well as free-form python code inside <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><%</span>
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<span class="pre">%></span></tt> tags and variable substitution with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">${}</span></tt>. The default templates are
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shipped with lorax in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/share/lorax/</span></tt> and use the
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tmpl</span></tt> extension.</p>
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<div class="section" id="runtime-install-tmpl">
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<h3>runtime-install.tmpl<a class="headerlink" href="#runtime-install-tmpl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">runtime-install.tmpl</span></tt> template lists packages to be installed using the
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">installpkg</span></tt> command. This template is fairly simple, installing common packages and
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architecture specific packages. It must end with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">run_pkg_transaction</span></tt>
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command which tells dnf to download and install the packages.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="runtime-postinstall-tmpl">
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<h3>runtime-postinstall.tmpl<a class="headerlink" href="#runtime-postinstall-tmpl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">runtime-postinstall.tmpl</span></tt> template is where the system configuration
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happens. The installer environment is similar to a normal running system, but
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needs some special handling. Configuration files are setup, systemd is told to
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start the anaconda.target instead of a default system target, and a number of
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unneeded services are disabled, some of which can interfere with the
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installation. A number of template commands are used here:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.append" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.append"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">append</span></tt></a> to add text to a file.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.chmod" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.chmod"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">chmod</span></tt></a> changes the file’s mode.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.gconfset" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.gconfset"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">gconfset</span></tt></a> runs gconfset.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.install" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.install"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">install</span></tt></a> to install a file into the installroot.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.mkdir" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.mkdir"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></tt></a> makes a new directory.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.move" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.move"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">move</span></tt></a> to move a file into the installroot</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.replace" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.replace"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">replace</span></tt></a> does text substitution in a file</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.remove" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.remove"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">remove</span></tt></a> deletes a file</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.runcmd" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.runcmd"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">runcmd</span></tt></a> run arbitrary commands.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.symlink" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.symlink"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">symlink</span></tt></a> creates a symlink</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.systemctl" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.systemctl"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">systemctl</span></tt></a> runs systemctl in the installroot</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="runtime-cleanup-tmpl">
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<h3>runtime-cleanup.tmpl<a class="headerlink" href="#runtime-cleanup-tmpl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">runtime-cleanup.tmpl</span></tt> template is used to remove files that aren’t strictly needed
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by the installation environment. In addition to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">remove</span></tt> template command it uses:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.removepkg" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.removepkg"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">removepkg</span></tt></a>
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remove all of a specific package’s contents. A package may be pulled in as a dependency, but
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not really used. eg. sound support.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.removefrom" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.removefrom"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">removefrom</span></tt></a>
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Removes some files from a package. A file glob can be used, or the –allbut option to
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remove everything except a select few.</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.removekmod" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.removekmod"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">removekmod</span></tt></a>
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Removes kernel modules</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="the-squashfs-filesystem">
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<h3>The squashfs filesystem<a class="headerlink" href="#the-squashfs-filesystem" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>After <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">runtime-*.tmpl</span></tt> templates have finished their work lorax creates an
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empty ext4 filesystem, copies the remaining files to it, and makes a squashfs
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filesystem of it. This file is the / of the boot.iso’s installer environment
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and is what is in the LiveOS/squashfs.img file on the iso.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="iso-creation">
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<h3>iso creation<a class="headerlink" href="#iso-creation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
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<p>The iso creation is handled by another set of templates. The one used depends
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on the architecture that the iso is being created for. They are also stored in
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/share/lorax/</span></tt> and are named after the arch, like
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">x86.tmpl</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">aarch64.tmpl</span></tt>. They handle creation of the tree, copying
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configuration template files, configuration variable substitution, treeinfo
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metadata (via the <a class="reference internal" href="pylorax.html#pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.treeinfo" title="pylorax.ltmpl.LoraxTemplateRunner.treeinfo"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">treeinfo</span></tt></a>
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template command). Kernel and initrd are copied from the installroot to their
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final locations and then mkisofs is run to create the boot.iso</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="custom-templates">
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<h2>Custom Templates<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-templates" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The default set of templates and configuration files are shipped in the
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/share/lorax/</span></tt> directory. You can make a copy of them and place them
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into another directory and then select the new template directory by passing
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--sharedir</span></tt> to lorax.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sphinxsidebar">
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Lorax</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#lorax-cmdline-arguments">lorax cmdline arguments</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-inside-of-mock">Running inside of mock</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-it-works">How it works</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#runtime-install-tmpl">runtime-install.tmpl</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#runtime-postinstall-tmpl">runtime-postinstall.tmpl</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#runtime-cleanup-tmpl">runtime-cleanup.tmpl</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-squashfs-filesystem">The squashfs filesystem</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#iso-creation">iso creation</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-templates">Custom Templates</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Previous topic</h4>
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<p class="topless"><a href="intro.html"
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title="previous chapter">Introduction to Lorax</a></p>
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<h4>Next topic</h4>
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title="next chapter">livemedia-creator</a></p>
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