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<div class="section" id="livemedia-creator">
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<h1>livemedia-creator<a class="headerlink" href="#livemedia-creator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
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<col class="field-name" />
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<col class="field-body" />
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<tbody valign="top">
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<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Authors:</th><td class="field-body">Brian C. Lane <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:bcl%40redhat.com">bcl<span>@</span>redhat<span>.</span>com</a>></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>livemedia-creator uses <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/anaconda">Anaconda</a>,
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<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/pykickstart">kickstart</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/lorax">Lorax</a> to create bootable media that use the
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same install path as a normal system installation. It can be used to make live
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isos, bootable (partitioned) disk images, tarfiles, and filesystem images for
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use with virtualization and container solutions like libvirt, docker, and
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OpenStack.</p>
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<p>The general idea is to use virt-install with kickstart and an Anaconda boot.iso to
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install into a disk image and then use the disk image to create the bootable
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media.</p>
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<p>livemedia-creator –help will describe all of the options available. At the
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minimum you need:</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-iso</span></tt> to create a final bootable .iso or one of the other <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-*</span></tt> options.</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--iso</span></tt> to specify the Anaconda install media to use with virt-install.</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ks</span></tt> to select the kickstart file describing what to install.</p>
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<p>To use livemedia-creator with virtualization you will need to have virt-install installed.</p>
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<p>If you are going to be using Anaconda directly, with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> mode, make sure
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you have the anaconda-tui package installed.</p>
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<p>Conventions used in this document:</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lmc</span></tt> is an abbreviation for livemedia-creator.</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">builder</span></tt> is the system where livemedia-creator is being run</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">image</span></tt> is the disk image being created by running livemedia-creator</p>
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<div class="section" id="livemedia-creator-cmdline-arguments">
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<h2>livemedia-creator cmdline arguments<a class="headerlink" href="#livemedia-creator-cmdline-arguments" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>See the output from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--help</span></tt> for the commandline arguments.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="quickstart">
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<h2>Quickstart<a class="headerlink" href="#quickstart" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Run this to create a bootable live iso:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>sudo livemedia-creator --make-iso \
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--iso=/extra/iso/boot.iso --ks=./docs/rhel7-livemedia.ks</pre>
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</div>
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<p>You can run it directly from the lorax git repo like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>sudo PATH=./src/sbin/:$PATH PYTHONPATH=./src/ ./src/sbin/livemedia-creator \
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--make-iso --iso=/extra/iso/boot.iso \
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--ks=./docs/rhel7-livemedia.ks --lorax-templates=./share/</pre>
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</div>
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<p>You can observe the installation using vnc. The logs will show what port was
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chosen, or you can use a specific port by passing it. eg. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--vnc</span> <span class="pre">vnc:127.0.0.1:5</span></tt></p>
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<p>This is usually a good idea when testing changes to the kickstart. lmc tries
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to monitor the logs for fatal errors, but may not catch everything.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="how-iso-creation-works">
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<h2>How ISO creation works<a class="headerlink" href="#how-iso-creation-works" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>There are 2 stages, the install stage which produces a disk or filesystem image
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as its output, and the boot media creation which uses the image as its input.
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Normally you would run both stages, but it is possible to stop after the
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install stage, by using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-only</span></tt>, or to skip the install stage and use
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a previously created disk image by passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--disk-image</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--fs-image</span></tt></p>
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<p>When creating an iso virt-install boots using the passed Anaconda installer iso
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and installs the system based on the kickstart. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%post</span></tt> section of the
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kickstart is used to customize the installed system in the same way that
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current spin-kickstarts do.</p>
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<p>livemedia-creator monitors the install process for problems by watching the
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install logs. They are written to the current directory or to the base
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directory specified by the –logfile command. You can also monitor the install
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by using a vnc client. This is recommended when first modifying a kickstart,
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since there are still places where Anaconda may get stuck without the log
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monitor catching it.</p>
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<p>The output from this process is a partitioned disk image. kpartx can be used
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to mount and examine it when there is a problem with the install. It can also
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be booted using kvm.</p>
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<p>When creating an iso the disk image’s / partition is copied into a formatted
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filesystem image which is then used as the input to lorax for creation of the
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final media.</p>
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<p>The final image is created by lorax, using the templates in /usr/share/lorax/live/
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or the live directory below the directory specified by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--lorax-templates</span></tt>. The
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templates are written using the Mako template system with some extra commands
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added by lorax.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="kickstarts">
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<h2>Kickstarts<a class="headerlink" href="#kickstarts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The docs/ directory includes several example kickstarts, one to create a live
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desktop iso using GNOME, and another to create a minimal disk image. When
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creating your own kickstarts you should start with the minimal example, it
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includes several needed packages that are not always included by dependencies.</p>
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<p>Or you can use existing spin kickstarts to create live media with a few
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changes. Here are the steps I used to convert the Fedora XFCE spin.</p>
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<ol class="arabic">
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<li><p class="first">Flatten the xfce kickstart using ksflatten</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Add zerombr so you don’t get the disk init dialog</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Add clearpart –all</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Add swap partition</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">bootloader target</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Add shutdown to the kickstart</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Add network –bootproto=dhcp –activate to activate the network
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This works for F16 builds but for F15 and before you need to pass
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something on the cmdline that activate the network, like sshd:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--kernel-args="sshd"</span></tt></p>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Add a root password:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>rootpw rootme
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network --bootproto=dhcp --activate
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zerombr
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clearpart --all
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bootloader --location=mbr
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part swap --size=512
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shutdown</pre>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">In the livesys script section of the %post remove the root password. This
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really depends on how the spin wants to work. You could add the live user
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that you create to the %wheel group so that sudo works if you wanted to.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">passwd</span> <span class="pre">-d</span> <span class="pre">root</span> <span class="pre">></span> <span class="pre">/dev/null</span></tt></p>
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</div></blockquote>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Remove /etc/fstab in %post, dracut handles mounting the rootfs</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span> <span class="pre">/dev/null</span> <span class="pre">></span> <span class="pre">/dev/fstab</span></tt></p>
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<p>Do this only for live iso’s, the filesystem will be mounted read only if
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there is no /etc/fstab</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">Don’t delete initramfs files from /boot in %post</p>
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</li>
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<li><p class="first">When creating live iso’s you need to have, at least, these packages in the %package section::
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dracut-config-generic
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dracut-live
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-dracut-config-rescue
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grub-efi
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memtest86+
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syslinux</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>One drawback to using virt-install is that it pulls the packages from the repo
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each time you run it. To speed things up you either need a local mirror of the
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packages, or you can use a caching proxy. When using a proxy you pass it to
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livemedia-creator like this:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--proxy=http://proxy.yourdomain.com:3128</span></tt></div></blockquote>
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<p>You also need to use a specific mirror instead of mirrormanager so that the
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packages will get cached, so your kickstart url would look like:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">url</span> <span class="pre">--url="http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/x86_64/os/"</span></tt></div></blockquote>
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<p>You can also add an update repo, but don’t name it updates. Add –proxy to it
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as well.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="anaconda-image-install-no-virt">
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<h2>Anaconda image install (no-virt)<a class="headerlink" href="#anaconda-image-install-no-virt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>You can create images without using virt-install by passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> on
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the cmdline. This will use Anaconda’s directory install feature to handle the
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install. There are a couple of things to keep in mind when doing this:</p>
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<ol class="arabic simple">
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<li>It will be most reliable when building images for the same release that the
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host is running. Because Anaconda has expectations about the system it is
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running under you may encounter strange bugs if you try to build newer or
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older releases.</li>
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<li>Make sure selinux is set to permissive or disabled. It won’t install
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correctly with selinux set to enforcing yet.</li>
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<li>It may totally trash your host. So far I haven’t had this happen, but the
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possibility exists that a bug in Anaconda could result in it operating on
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real devices. I recommend running it in a virt or on a system that you can
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afford to lose all data from.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The logs from anaconda will be placed in an ./anaconda/ directory in either
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the current directory or in the directory used for –logfile</p>
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<p>Example cmdline:</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--make-iso</span> <span class="pre">--no-virt</span> <span class="pre">--ks=./rhel7-livemedia.ks</span></tt></p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">Using no-virt to create a partitioned disk image (eg. –make-disk or
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–make-vagrant) will only create disks usable on the host platform (BIOS
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or UEFI). You can create BIOS partitioned disk images on UEFI by using
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virt.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="ami-images">
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<h2>AMI Images<a class="headerlink" href="#ami-images" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Amazon EC2 images can be created by using the –make-ami switch and an appropriate
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kickstart file. All of the work to customize the image is handled by the kickstart.
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The example currently included was modified from the cloud-kickstarts version so
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that it would work with livemedia-creator.</p>
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<p>Example cmdline:</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--make-ami</span> <span class="pre">--iso=/path/to/boot.iso</span> <span class="pre">--ks=./docs/rhel7-livemedia-ec2.ks</span></tt></p>
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<p>This will produce an ami-root.img file in the working directory.</p>
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<p>At this time I have not tested the image with EC2. Feedback would be welcome.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="appliance-creation">
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<h2>Appliance Creation<a class="headerlink" href="#appliance-creation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>livemedia-creator can now replace appliance-tools by using the –make-appliance
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switch. This will create the partitioned disk image and an XML file that can be
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used with virt-image to setup a virtual system.</p>
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<p>The XML is generated using the Mako template from
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/usr/share/lorax/appliance/libvirt.xml You can use a different template by
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passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--app-template</span> <span class="pre"><template</span> <span class="pre">path></span></tt></p>
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<p>Documentation on the Mako template system can be found at the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.makotemplates.org/en/latest/index.html">Mako site</a></p>
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<p>The name of the final output XML is appliance.xml, this can be changed with
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--app-file</span> <span class="pre"><file</span> <span class="pre">path></span></tt></p>
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<p>The following variables are passed to the template:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><dl class="docutils">
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<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disks</span></tt></dt>
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<dd><p class="first">A list of disk_info about each disk.
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Each entry has the following attributes:</p>
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<blockquote class="last">
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<div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>
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base name of the disk image file</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">format</span></tt>
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“raw”</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">checksum_type</span></tt>
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“sha256”</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">checksum</span></tt>
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sha256 checksum of the disk image</p>
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</div></blockquote>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>
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Name of appliance, from –app-name argument</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">arch</span></tt>
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Architecture</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memory</span></tt>
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Memory in KB (from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ram</span></tt>)</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vcpus</span></tt>
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from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--vcpus</span></tt></p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">networks</span></tt>
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list of networks from the kickstart or []</p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">title</span></tt>
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from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--title</span></tt></p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">project</span></tt>
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from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--project</span></tt></p>
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<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">releasever</span></tt>
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from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--releasever</span></tt></p>
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</div></blockquote>
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<p>The created image can be imported into libvirt using:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">virt-image</span> <span class="pre">appliance.xml</span></tt></div></blockquote>
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<p>You can also create qcow2 appliance images using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-type=qcow2</span></tt>, for example:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python"><pre>sudo livemedia-creator --make-appliance --iso=/path/to/boot.iso --ks=./docs/rhel7-minimal.ks \
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--image-type=qcow2 --app-file=minimal-test.xml --image-name=minimal-test.img</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="filesystem-image-creation">
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<h2>Filesystem Image Creation<a class="headerlink" href="#filesystem-image-creation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>livemedia-creator can be used to create un-partitined filesystem images using
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the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-fsimage</span></tt> option. As of version 21.8 this works with both virt and
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no-virt modes of operation. Previously it was only available with no-virt.</p>
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<p>Kickstarts should have a single / partition with no extra mountpoints.</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--make-fsimage</span> <span class="pre">--iso=/path/to/boot.iso</span> <span class="pre">--ks=./docs/rhel7-minimal.ks</span></tt></div></blockquote>
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<p>You can name the output image with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-name</span></tt> and set a label on the filesystem with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--fs-label</span></tt></p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="tar-file-creation">
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<h2>TAR File Creation<a class="headerlink" href="#tar-file-creation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-tar</span></tt> command can be used to create a tar of the root filesystem. By
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default it is compressed using xz, but this can be changed using the
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|
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--compression</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--compress-arg</span></tt> options. This option works with both virt and
|
|
no-virt install methods.</p>
|
|
<p>As with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-fsimage</span></tt> the kickstart should be limited to a single / partition.</p>
|
|
<p>For example:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>livemedia-creator --make-tar --iso=/path/to/boot.iso --ks=./docs/rhel7-minimal.ks \
|
|
--image-name=rhel7-root.tar.xz</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="live-image-for-pxe-boot">
|
|
<h2>Live Image for PXE Boot<a class="headerlink" href="#live-image-for-pxe-boot" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-pxe-live</span></tt> command will produce squashfs image containing live root
|
|
filesystem that can be used for pxe boot. Directory with results will contain
|
|
the live image, kernel image, initrd image and template of pxe configuration
|
|
for the images.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="atomic-live-image-for-pxe-boot">
|
|
<h2>Atomic Live Image for PXE Boot<a class="headerlink" href="#atomic-live-image-for-pxe-boot" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-ostree-live</span></tt> command will produce the same result as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-pxe-live</span></tt>
|
|
for installations of Atomic Host. Example kickstart for such an installation
|
|
using Atomic installer iso with local repo included in the image can be found
|
|
in docs/rhel-atomic-pxe-live.ks.</p>
|
|
<p>The PXE images can also be created with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> by using the example
|
|
kickstart in docs/rhel-atomic-pxe-live-novirt.ks. This also works inside the
|
|
mock environment.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="debugging-problems">
|
|
<h2>Debugging problems<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-problems" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Sometimes an installation will get stuck. When using virt-install the logs will
|
|
be written to ./virt-install.log and most of the time any problems that happen
|
|
will be near the end of the file. lmc tries to detect common errors and will
|
|
cancel the installation when they happen. But not everything can be caught.
|
|
When creating a new kickstart it is helpful to use vnc so that you can monitor
|
|
the installation as it happens, and if it gets stuck without lmc detecting the
|
|
problem you can switch to tty1 and examine the system directly.</p>
|
|
<p>If it does get stuck the best way to cancel is to use kill -9 on the virt-install pid,
|
|
lmc will detect that the process died and cleanup.</p>
|
|
<p>If lmc didn’t handle the cleanup for some reason you can do this:
|
|
1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">umount</span> <span class="pre">/tmp/lmc-XXXX</span></tt> to unmount the iso from its mountpoint.
|
|
2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">rm</span> <span class="pre">-rf</span> <span class="pre">/tmp/lmc-XXXX</span></tt>
|
|
3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">rm</span> <span class="pre">/var/tmp/lmc-disk-XXXXX</span></tt> to remove the disk image.</p>
|
|
<p>Note that lmc uses the lmc- prefix for all of its temporary files and
|
|
directories to make it easier to find and clean up leftovers.</p>
|
|
<p>The logs from the virt-install run are stored in virt-install.log, logs from
|
|
livemedia-creator are in livemedia.log and program.log</p>
|
|
<p>You can add <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-only</span></tt> to skip the .iso creation and examine the resulting
|
|
disk image. Or you can pass <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--keep-image</span></tt> to keep it around after the iso has
|
|
been created.</p>
|
|
<p>Cleaning up aborted <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> installs can sometimes be accomplished by
|
|
running the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">anaconda-cleanup</span></tt> script. As of Fedora 18 anaconda is
|
|
multi-threaded and it can sometimes become stuck and refuse to exit. When this
|
|
happens you can usually clean up by first killing the anaconda process then
|
|
running <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">anaconda-cleanup</span></tt>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="section" id="hacking">
|
|
<h2>Hacking<a class="headerlink" href="#hacking" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|
<p>Development on this will take place as part of the lorax project, and on the
|
|
anaconda-devel-list mailing list, and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/lorax">on github</a></p>
|
|
<p>Feedback, enhancements and bugs are welcome. You can use <a class="reference external" href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora&component=lorax">bugzilla</a> to
|
|
report bugs against the lorax component.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
|
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
|
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">livemedia-creator</a><ul>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#livemedia-creator-cmdline-arguments">livemedia-creator cmdline arguments</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-iso-creation-works">How ISO creation works</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kickstarts">Kickstarts</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anaconda-image-install-no-virt">Anaconda image install (no-virt)</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ami-images">AMI Images</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#appliance-creation">Appliance Creation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filesystem-image-creation">Filesystem Image Creation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tar-file-creation">TAR File Creation</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#live-image-for-pxe-boot">Live Image for PXE Boot</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#atomic-live-image-for-pxe-boot">Atomic Live Image for PXE Boot</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debugging-problems">Debugging problems</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hacking">Hacking</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Previous topic</h4>
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<p class="topless"><a href="lorax.html"
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title="previous chapter">Lorax</a></p>
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<h4>Next topic</h4>
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<p class="topless"><a href="lorax-composer.html"
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title="next chapter">lorax-composer</a></p>
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<h3>This Page</h3>
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rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
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