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<div class="section" id="livemedia-creator">
<h1>livemedia-creator<a class="headerlink" href="#livemedia-creator" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Authors:</th><td class="field-body">Brian C. Lane &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:bcl&#37;&#52;&#48;redhat&#46;com">bcl<span>&#64;</span>redhat<span>&#46;</span>com</a>&gt;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<p>livemedia-creator uses <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/anaconda">Anaconda</a>,
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/pykickstart">kickstart</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/lorax">Lorax</a> to create bootable media that use the
same install path as a normal system installation. It can be used to make live
isos, bootable (partitioned) disk images, tarfiles, and filesystem images for
use with virtualization and container solutions like libvirt, docker, and
OpenStack.</p>
<p>The general idea is to use virt-install with kickstart and an Anaconda boot.iso to
install into a disk image and then use the disk image to create the bootable
media.</p>
<p>livemedia-creator &#8211;help will describe all of the options available. At the
minimum you need:</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-iso</span></tt> to create a final bootable .iso or one of the other <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-*</span></tt> options.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--iso</span></tt> to specify the Anaconda install media to use with virt-install.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ks</span></tt> to select the kickstart file describing what to install.</p>
<p>To use livemedia-creator with virtualization you will need to have virt-install installed.</p>
<p>If you are going to be using Anaconda directly, with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> mode, make sure
you have the anaconda-tui package installed.</p>
<p>Conventions used in this document:</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lmc</span></tt> is an abbreviation for livemedia-creator.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">builder</span></tt> is the system where livemedia-creator is being run</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">image</span></tt> is the disk image being created by running livemedia-creator</p>
<div class="section" id="livemedia-creator-cmdline-arguments">
<h2>livemedia-creator cmdline arguments<a class="headerlink" href="#livemedia-creator-cmdline-arguments" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>See the output from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--help</span></tt> for the commandline arguments.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="quickstart">
<h2>Quickstart<a class="headerlink" href="#quickstart" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Run this to create a bootable live iso:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>sudo livemedia-creator --make-iso \
--iso=/extra/iso/boot.iso --ks=./docs/rhel7-livemedia.ks</pre>
</div>
<p>You can run it directly from the lorax git repo like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>sudo PATH=./src/sbin/:$PATH PYTHONPATH=./src/ ./src/sbin/livemedia-creator \
--make-iso --iso=/extra/iso/boot.iso \
--ks=./docs/rhel7-livemedia.ks --lorax-templates=./share/</pre>
</div>
<p>You can observe the installation using vnc. The logs will show what port was
chosen, or you can use a specific port by passing it. eg. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--vnc</span> <span class="pre">vnc:127.0.0.1:5</span></tt></p>
<p>This is usually a good idea when testing changes to the kickstart. lmc tries
to monitor the logs for fatal errors, but may not catch everything.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-iso-creation-works">
<h2>How ISO creation works<a class="headerlink" href="#how-iso-creation-works" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>There are 2 stages, the install stage which produces a disk or filesystem image
as its output, and the boot media creation which uses the image as its input.
Normally you would run both stages, but it is possible to stop after the
install stage, by using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-only</span></tt>, or to skip the install stage and use
a previously created disk image by passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--disk-image</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--fs-image</span></tt></p>
<p>When creating an iso virt-install boots using the passed Anaconda installer iso
and installs the system based on the kickstart. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%post</span></tt> section of the
kickstart is used to customize the installed system in the same way that
current spin-kickstarts do.</p>
<p>livemedia-creator monitors the install process for problems by watching the
install logs. They are written to the current directory or to the base
directory specified by the &#8211;logfile command. You can also monitor the install
by using a vnc client. This is recommended when first modifying a kickstart,
since there are still places where Anaconda may get stuck without the log
monitor catching it.</p>
<p>The output from this process is a partitioned disk image. kpartx can be used
to mount and examine it when there is a problem with the install. It can also
be booted using kvm.</p>
<p>When creating an iso the disk image&#8217;s / partition is copied into a formatted
filesystem image which is then used as the input to lorax for creation of the
final media.</p>
<p>The final image is created by lorax, using the templates in /usr/share/lorax/live/
or the live directory below the directory specified by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--lorax-templates</span></tt>. The
templates are written using the Mako template system with some extra commands
added by lorax.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kickstarts">
<h2>Kickstarts<a class="headerlink" href="#kickstarts" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The docs/ directory includes several example kickstarts, one to create a live
desktop iso using GNOME, and another to create a minimal disk image. When
creating your own kickstarts you should start with the minimal example, it
includes several needed packages that are not always included by dependencies.</p>
<p>Or you can use existing spin kickstarts to create live media with a few
changes. Here are the steps I used to convert the Fedora XFCE spin.</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Flatten the xfce kickstart using ksflatten</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add zerombr so you don&#8217;t get the disk init dialog</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add clearpart &#8211;all</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add swap partition</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">bootloader target</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add shutdown to the kickstart</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add network &#8211;bootproto=dhcp &#8211;activate to activate the network
This works for F16 builds but for F15 and before you need to pass
something on the cmdline that activate the network, like sshd:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--kernel-args=&quot;sshd&quot;</span></tt></p>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add a root password:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>rootpw rootme
network --bootproto=dhcp --activate
zerombr
clearpart --all
bootloader --location=mbr
part swap --size=512
shutdown</pre>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In the livesys script section of the %post remove the root password. This
really depends on how the spin wants to work. You could add the live user
that you create to the %wheel group so that sudo works if you wanted to.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">passwd</span> <span class="pre">-d</span> <span class="pre">root</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">/dev/null</span></tt></p>
</div></blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Remove /etc/fstab in %post, dracut handles mounting the rootfs</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span> <span class="pre">/dev/null</span> <span class="pre">&gt;</span> <span class="pre">/dev/fstab</span></tt></p>
<p>Do this only for live iso&#8217;s, the filesystem will be mounted read only if
there is no /etc/fstab</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Don&#8217;t delete initramfs files from /boot in %post</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">When creating live iso&#8217;s you need to have, at least, these packages in the %package section::
dracut-config-generic
dracut-live
-dracut-config-rescue
grub-efi
memtest86+
syslinux</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>One drawback to using virt-install is that it pulls the packages from the repo
each time you run it. To speed things up you either need a local mirror of the
packages, or you can use a caching proxy. When using a proxy you pass it to
livemedia-creator like this:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--proxy=http://proxy.yourdomain.com:3128</span></tt></div></blockquote>
<p>You also need to use a specific mirror instead of mirrormanager so that the
packages will get cached, so your kickstart url would look like:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">url</span> <span class="pre">--url=&quot;http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/x86_64/os/&quot;</span></tt></div></blockquote>
<p>You can also add an update repo, but don&#8217;t name it updates. Add &#8211;proxy to it
as well.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="anaconda-image-install-no-virt">
<h2>Anaconda image install (no-virt)<a class="headerlink" href="#anaconda-image-install-no-virt" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>You can create images without using virt-install by passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> on
the cmdline. This will use Anaconda&#8217;s directory install feature to handle the
install. There are a couple of things to keep in mind when doing this:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>It will be most reliable when building images for the same release that the
host is running. Because Anaconda has expectations about the system it is
running under you may encounter strange bugs if you try to build newer or
older releases.</li>
<li>Make sure selinux is set to permissive or disabled. It won&#8217;t install
correctly with selinux set to enforcing yet.</li>
<li>It may totally trash your host. So far I haven&#8217;t had this happen, but the
possibility exists that a bug in Anaconda could result in it operating on
real devices. I recommend running it in a virt or on a system that you can
afford to lose all data from.</li>
</ol>
<p>The logs from anaconda will be placed in an ./anaconda/ directory in either
the current directory or in the directory used for &#8211;logfile</p>
<p>Example cmdline:</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--make-iso</span> <span class="pre">--no-virt</span> <span class="pre">--ks=./rhel7-livemedia.ks</span></tt></p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Using no-virt to create a partitioned disk image (eg. &#8211;make-disk or
&#8211;make-vagrant) will only create disks usable on the host platform (BIOS
or UEFI). You can create BIOS partitioned disk images on UEFI by using
virt.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ami-images">
<h2>AMI Images<a class="headerlink" href="#ami-images" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Amazon EC2 images can be created by using the &#8211;make-ami switch and an appropriate
kickstart file. All of the work to customize the image is handled by the kickstart.
The example currently included was modified from the cloud-kickstarts version so
that it would work with livemedia-creator.</p>
<p>Example cmdline:</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--make-ami</span> <span class="pre">--iso=/path/to/boot.iso</span> <span class="pre">--ks=./docs/rhel7-livemedia-ec2.ks</span></tt></p>
<p>This will produce an ami-root.img file in the working directory.</p>
<p>At this time I have not tested the image with EC2. Feedback would be welcome.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="appliance-creation">
<h2>Appliance Creation<a class="headerlink" href="#appliance-creation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>livemedia-creator can now replace appliance-tools by using the &#8211;make-appliance
switch. This will create the partitioned disk image and an XML file that can be
used with virt-image to setup a virtual system.</p>
<p>The XML is generated using the Mako template from
/usr/share/lorax/appliance/libvirt.xml You can use a different template by
passing <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--app-template</span> <span class="pre">&lt;template</span> <span class="pre">path&gt;</span></tt></p>
<p>Documentation on the Mako template system can be found at the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.makotemplates.org/en/latest/index.html">Mako site</a></p>
<p>The name of the final output XML is appliance.xml, this can be changed with
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--app-file</span> <span class="pre">&lt;file</span> <span class="pre">path&gt;</span></tt></p>
<p>The following variables are passed to the template:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disks</span></tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first">A list of disk_info about each disk.
Each entry has the following attributes:</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>
base name of the disk image file</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">format</span></tt>
&#8220;raw&#8221;</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">checksum_type</span></tt>
&#8220;sha256&#8221;</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">checksum</span></tt>
sha256 checksum of the disk image</p>
</div></blockquote>
</dd>
</dl>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></tt>
Name of appliance, from &#8211;app-name argument</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">arch</span></tt>
Architecture</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memory</span></tt>
Memory in KB (from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ram</span></tt>)</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vcpus</span></tt>
from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--vcpus</span></tt></p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">networks</span></tt>
list of networks from the kickstart or []</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">title</span></tt>
from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--title</span></tt></p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">project</span></tt>
from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--project</span></tt></p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">releasever</span></tt>
from <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--releasever</span></tt></p>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The created image can be imported into libvirt using:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">virt-image</span> <span class="pre">appliance.xml</span></tt></div></blockquote>
<p>You can also create qcow2 appliance images using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-type=qcow2</span></tt>, for example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>sudo livemedia-creator --make-appliance --iso=/path/to/boot.iso --ks=./docs/rhel7-minimal.ks \
--image-type=qcow2 --app-file=minimal-test.xml --image-name=minimal-test.img</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="filesystem-image-creation">
<h2>Filesystem Image Creation<a class="headerlink" href="#filesystem-image-creation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>livemedia-creator can be used to create un-partitined filesystem images using
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-fsimage</span></tt> option. As of version 21.8 this works with both virt and
no-virt modes of operation. Previously it was only available with no-virt.</p>
<p>Kickstarts should have a single / partition with no extra mountpoints.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">livemedia-creator</span> <span class="pre">--make-fsimage</span> <span class="pre">--iso=/path/to/boot.iso</span> <span class="pre">--ks=./docs/rhel7-minimal.ks</span></tt></div></blockquote>
<p>You can name the output image with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-name</span></tt> and set a label on the filesystem with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--fs-label</span></tt></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tar-file-creation">
<h2>TAR File Creation<a class="headerlink" href="#tar-file-creation" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-tar</span></tt> command can be used to create a tar of the root filesystem. By
default it is compressed using xz, but this can be changed using the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--compression</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--compress-arg</span></tt> options. This option works with both virt and
no-virt install methods.</p>
<p>As with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-fsimage</span></tt> the kickstart should be limited to a single / partition.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><pre>livemedia-creator --make-tar --iso=/path/to/boot.iso --ks=./docs/rhel7-minimal.ks \
--image-name=rhel7-root.tar.xz</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="live-image-for-pxe-boot">
<h2>Live Image for PXE Boot<a class="headerlink" href="#live-image-for-pxe-boot" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-pxe-live</span></tt> command will produce squashfs image containing live root
filesystem that can be used for pxe boot. Directory with results will contain
the live image, kernel image, initrd image and template of pxe configuration
for the images.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="atomic-live-image-for-pxe-boot">
<h2>Atomic Live Image for PXE Boot<a class="headerlink" href="#atomic-live-image-for-pxe-boot" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-ostree-live</span></tt> command will produce the same result as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--make-pxe-live</span></tt>
for installations of Atomic Host. Example kickstart for such an installation
using Atomic installer iso with local repo included in the image can be found
in docs/rhel-atomic-pxe-live.ks.</p>
<p>The PXE images can also be created with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> by using the example
kickstart in docs/rhel-atomic-pxe-live-novirt.ks. This also works inside the
mock environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="debugging-problems">
<h2>Debugging problems<a class="headerlink" href="#debugging-problems" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Sometimes an installation will get stuck. When using virt-install the logs will
be written to ./virt-install.log and most of the time any problems that happen
will be near the end of the file. lmc tries to detect common errors and will
cancel the installation when they happen. But not everything can be caught.
When creating a new kickstart it is helpful to use vnc so that you can monitor
the installation as it happens, and if it gets stuck without lmc detecting the
problem you can switch to tty1 and examine the system directly.</p>
<p>If it does get stuck the best way to cancel is to use kill -9 on the virt-install pid,
lmc will detect that the process died and cleanup.</p>
<p>If lmc didn&#8217;t handle the cleanup for some reason you can do this:
1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">umount</span> <span class="pre">/tmp/lmc-XXXX</span></tt> to unmount the iso from its mountpoint.
2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">rm</span> <span class="pre">-rf</span> <span class="pre">/tmp/lmc-XXXX</span></tt>
3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">rm</span> <span class="pre">/var/tmp/lmc-disk-XXXXX</span></tt> to remove the disk image.</p>
<p>Note that lmc uses the lmc- prefix for all of its temporary files and
directories to make it easier to find and clean up leftovers.</p>
<p>The logs from the virt-install run are stored in virt-install.log, logs from
livemedia-creator are in livemedia.log and program.log</p>
<p>You can add <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--image-only</span></tt> to skip the .iso creation and examine the resulting
disk image. Or you can pass <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--keep-image</span></tt> to keep it around after the iso has
been created.</p>
<p>Cleaning up aborted <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--no-virt</span></tt> installs can sometimes be accomplished by
running the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">anaconda-cleanup</span></tt> script. As of Fedora 18 anaconda is
multi-threaded and it can sometimes become stuck and refuse to exit. When this
happens you can usually clean up by first killing the anaconda process then
running <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">anaconda-cleanup</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hacking">
<h2>Hacking<a class="headerlink" href="#hacking" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Development on this will take place as part of the lorax project, and on the
anaconda-devel-list mailing list, and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/rhinstaller/lorax">on github</a></p>
<p>Feedback, enhancements and bugs are welcome. You can use <a class="reference external" href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?product=Fedora&amp;component=lorax">bugzilla</a> to
report bugs against the lorax component.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sphinxsidebar">
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
<h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">livemedia-creator</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#livemedia-creator-cmdline-arguments">livemedia-creator cmdline arguments</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-iso-creation-works">How ISO creation works</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kickstarts">Kickstarts</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anaconda-image-install-no-virt">Anaconda image install (no-virt)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ami-images">AMI Images</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#appliance-creation">Appliance Creation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filesystem-image-creation">Filesystem Image Creation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tar-file-creation">TAR File Creation</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#live-image-for-pxe-boot">Live Image for PXE Boot</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#atomic-live-image-for-pxe-boot">Atomic Live Image for PXE Boot</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#debugging-problems">Debugging problems</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#hacking">Hacking</a></li>
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