1163 lines
35 KiB
Groff
1163 lines
35 KiB
Groff
.\" Man page generated from reStructuredText.
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.TH "LIVEMEDIA-CREATOR" "1" "Oct 01, 2020" "32.12" "Lorax"
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.SH NAME
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livemedia-creator \- Live Media Creator Documentation
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..
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B Authors
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Brian C. Lane <\fI\%bcl@redhat.com\fP>
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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livemedia\-creator uses \fI\%Anaconda\fP,
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\fI\%kickstart\fP and \fI\%Lorax\fP to create bootable media that use the
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same install path as a normal system installation. It can be used to make live
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isos, bootable (partitioned) disk images, tarfiles, and filesystem images for
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use with virtualization and container solutions like libvirt, docker, and
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OpenStack.
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.sp
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The general idea is to use qemu with kickstart and an Anaconda boot.iso to
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install into a disk image and then use the disk image to create the bootable
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media.
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.sp
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livemedia\-creator \-\-help will describe all of the options available. At the
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minimum you need:
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.sp
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\fB\-\-make\-iso\fP to create a final bootable .iso or one of the other \fB\-\-make\-*\fP options.
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.sp
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\fB\-\-iso\fP to specify the Anaconda install media to use with qemu.
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.sp
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\fB\-\-ks\fP to select the kickstart file describing what to install.
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.sp
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To use livemedia\-creator with virtualization you will need to have qemu installed.
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.sp
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If you are going to be using Anaconda directly, with \fB\-\-no\-virt\fP mode, make sure
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you have the anaconda\-tui package installed.
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.sp
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Conventions used in this document:
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.sp
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\fBlmc\fP is an abbreviation for livemedia\-creator.
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.sp
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\fBbuilder\fP is the system where livemedia\-creator is being run
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.sp
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\fBimage\fP is the disk image being created by running livemedia\-creator
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.SH LIVEMEDIA-CREATOR CMDLINE ARGUMENTS
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.sp
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Create Live Install Media
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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usage: livemedia\-creator [\-h]
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(\-\-make\-iso | \-\-make\-disk | \-\-make\-fsimage | \-\-make\-appliance | \-\-make\-ami | \-\-make\-tar | \-\-make\-tar\-disk | \-\-make\-pxe\-live | \-\-make\-ostree\-live | \-\-make\-oci | \-\-make\-vagrant)
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[\-\-iso ISO] [\-\-iso\-only] [\-\-iso\-name ISO_NAME] [\-\-ks KS] [\-\-image\-only] [\-\-no\-virt]
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[\-\-proxy PROXY] [\-\-anaconda\-arg ANACONDA_ARGS] [\-\-armplatform ARMPLATFORM]
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[\-\-location LOCATION] [\-\-logfile LOGFILE] [\-\-lorax\-templates LORAX_TEMPLATES] [\-\-tmp TMP]
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[\-\-resultdir RESULT_DIR] [\-\-macboot] [\-\-nomacboot] [\-\-extra\-boot\-args EXTRA_BOOT_ARGS]
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[\-\-disk\-image DISK_IMAGE] [\-\-keep\-image] [\-\-fs\-image FS_IMAGE] [\-\-image\-name IMAGE_NAME]
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[\-\-tar\-disk\-name TAR_DISK_NAME] [\-\-fs\-label FS_LABEL] [\-\-image\-size\-align IMAGE_SIZE_ALIGN]
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[\-\-image\-type IMAGE_TYPE] [\-\-qemu\-arg QEMU_ARGS] [\-\-qcow2] [\-\-qcow2\-arg QEMU_ARGS]
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[\-\-compression COMPRESSION] [\-\-compress\-arg COMPRESS_ARGS] [\-\-app\-name APP_NAME]
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[\-\-app\-template APP_TEMPLATE] [\-\-app\-file APP_FILE] [\-\-ram MEMORY] [\-\-vcpus VCPUS]
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[\-\-vnc VNC] [\-\-arch ARCH] [\-\-kernel\-args KERNEL_ARGS] [\-\-ovmf\-path OVMF_PATH] [\-\-virt\-uefi]
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[\-\-no\-kvm] [\-\-with\-rng WITH_RNG] [\-\-dracut\-conf DRACUT_CONF] [\-\-dracut\-arg DRACUT_ARGS]
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[\-\-live\-rootfs\-size LIVE_ROOTFS_SIZE] [\-\-live\-rootfs\-keep\-size] [\-\-oci\-config OCI_CONFIG]
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[\-\-oci\-runtime OCI_RUNTIME] [\-\-vagrant\-metadata VAGRANT_METADATA]
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[\-\-vagrantfile VAGRANTFILE] [\-\-project PROJECT] [\-\-releasever RELEASEVER] [\-\-volid VOLID]
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[\-\-squashfs\-only] [\-\-timeout TIMEOUT] [\-V]
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.SS Named Arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-iso
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Build a live iso
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-disk
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Build a partitioned disk image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-fsimage
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Build a filesystem image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-appliance
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Build an appliance image and XML description
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-ami
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Build an ami image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-tar
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Build a tar of the root filesystem
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-tar\-disk
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Build a tar of a partitioned disk image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-pxe\-live
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Build a live pxe boot squashfs image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-ostree\-live
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Build a live pxe boot squashfs image of Atomic Host
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-oci
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Build an Open Container Initiative image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-make\-vagrant
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Build a Vagrant Box image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-iso
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Anaconda installation .iso path to use for qemu
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.TP
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.B\-\-iso\-only
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Remove all iso creation artifacts except the boot.iso, combine with \-\-iso\-name to rename the boot.iso
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-iso\-name
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Name of output iso file for \-\-iso\-only. Default is boot.iso
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.TP
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.B\-\-ks
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Kickstart file defining the install.
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.TP
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.B\-\-image\-only
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Exit after creating fs/disk image.
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-no\-virt
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Run anaconda directly on host instead of using qemu
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-proxy
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proxy URL to use for the install
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.TP
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.B\-\-anaconda\-arg
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Additional argument to pass to anaconda (no\-virt mode). Pass once for each argument
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.TP
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.B\-\-armplatform
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the platform to use when creating images for ARM, i.e., highbank, mvebu, omap, tegra, etc.
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.TP
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.B\-\-location
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location of iso directory tree with initrd.img and vmlinuz. Used to run qemu with a newer initrd than the iso.
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.TP
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.B\-\-logfile
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Name and path for primary logfile, other logs will be created in the same directory.
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.sp
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Default: ./livemedia.log
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.TP
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.B\-\-lorax\-templates
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Path to mako templates for lorax
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.TP
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.B\-\-tmp
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Top level temporary directory
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.sp
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Default: /var/tmp
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.TP
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.B\-\-resultdir
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Directory to copy the resulting images and iso into. Defaults to the temporary working directory
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.TP
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.B\-\-macboot
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Make the iso bootable on UEFI based Mac systems
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.sp
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Default: True
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.TP
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.B\-\-nomacboot
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Do not create a Mac bootable iso
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-extra\-boot\-args
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Extra arguments to add to the bootloader kernel cmdline in the templates
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.sp
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Default: ""
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.TP
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.B\-\-project
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substituted for @PROJECT@ in bootloader config files
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.sp
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Default: "Linux"
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.TP
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.B\-\-releasever
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substituted for @VERSION@ in bootloader config files
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.sp
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Default: "32"
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.TP
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.B\-\-volid
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volume id
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.TP
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.B\-\-squashfs\-only
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Use a plain squashfs filesystem for the runtime.
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-timeout
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Cancel installer after X minutes
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.TP
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.B\-V
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show program\(aqs version number and exit
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.UNINDENT
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.SS disk/fs image arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-disk\-image
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Path to existing disk image to use for creating final image.
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.TP
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.B\-\-keep\-image
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Keep raw disk image after .iso creation
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-fs\-image
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Path to existing filesystem image to use for creating final image.
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.TP
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.B\-\-image\-name
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Name of output file to create. Used for tar, fs and disk image. Default is a random name.
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.TP
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.B\-\-tar\-disk\-name
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Name of the archive member for make\-tar\-disk.
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.TP
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.B\-\-fs\-label
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Label to set on fsimage, default is \(aqAnaconda\(aq
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.sp
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Default: "Anaconda"
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.TP
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.B\-\-image\-size\-align
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Create a disk image with a size that is a multiple of this value in MiB.
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.sp
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Default: 0
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.TP
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.B\-\-image\-type
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Create an image with qemu\-img. See qemu\-img \-\-help for supported formats.
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.TP
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.B\-\-qemu\-arg
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Arguments to pass to qemu\-img. Pass once for each argument, they will be used for ALL calls to qemu\-img.
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.sp
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Default: []
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.TP
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.B\-\-qcow2
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Create qcow2 image instead of raw sparse image when making disk images.
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-qcow2\-arg
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Arguments to pass to qemu\-img. Pass once for each argument, they will be used for ALL calls to qemu\-img.
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.sp
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Default: []
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.TP
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.B\-\-compression
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Compression binary for make\-tar. xz, lzma, gzip, and bzip2 are supported. xz is the default.
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.sp
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Default: "xz"
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.TP
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.B\-\-compress\-arg
|
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Arguments to pass to compression. Pass once for each argument
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.sp
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Default: []
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.UNINDENT
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.SS appliance arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-app\-name
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Name of appliance to pass to template
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.TP
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.B\-\-app\-template
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Path to template to use for appliance data.
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.TP
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.B\-\-app\-file
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Appliance template results file.
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.sp
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Default: "appliance.xml"
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.UNINDENT
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.SS qemu arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-ram
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Memory to allocate for installer in megabytes.
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.sp
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Default: 2048
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.TP
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.B\-\-vcpus
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Passed to qemu \-smp command
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.TP
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.B\-\-vnc
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Passed to qemu \-display command. eg. vnc=127.0.0.1:5, default is to choose the first unused vnc port.
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.TP
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.B\-\-arch
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System arch to build for. Used to select qemu\-system\-* command. Defaults to qemu\-system\-<arch>
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.TP
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.B\-\-kernel\-args
|
|
Additional argument to pass to the installation kernel
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.TP
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.B\-\-ovmf\-path
|
|
Path to OVMF firmware
|
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.sp
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Default: "/usr/share/edk2/ovmf/"
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.TP
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.B\-\-virt\-uefi
|
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Use OVMF firmware to boot the VM in UEFI mode
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-no\-kvm
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Skip using kvm with qemu even if it is available.
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.sp
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Default: False
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.TP
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.B\-\-with\-rng
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RNG device for QEMU (none for no RNG)
|
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.sp
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Default: "/dev/random"
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.UNINDENT
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.SS dracut arguments: (default: )
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-dracut\-conf
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Path to a dracut.conf file to use instead of the default arguments. See the dracut.conf(5) manpage.
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.TP
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.B\-\-dracut\-arg
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Argument to pass to dracut when rebuilding the initramfs. Pass this once for each argument. NOTE: this overrides the defaults.
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.UNINDENT
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.SS pxe to live arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-live\-rootfs\-size
|
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Size of root filesystem of live image in GiB
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.sp
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Default: 0
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.TP
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.B\-\-live\-rootfs\-keep\-size
|
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Keep the original size of root filesystem in live image
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.sp
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Default: False
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.UNINDENT
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.SS OCI arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B\-\-oci\-config
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config.json OCI configuration file
|
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.TP
|
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.B\-\-oci\-runtime
|
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runtime.json OCI configuration file
|
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.UNINDENT
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.SS Vagrant arguments
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.INDENT 0.0
|
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.TP
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.B\-\-vagrant\-metadata
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|
optional metadata.json file
|
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.TP
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.B\-\-vagrantfile
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|
optional vagrantfile
|
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.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH QUICKSTART
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.sp
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Run this to create a bootable live iso:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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sudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-iso \e
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\-\-iso=/extra/iso/boot.iso \-\-ks=./docs/fedora\-livemedia.ks
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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You can run it directly from the lorax git repo like this:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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sudo PATH=./src/sbin/:$PATH PYTHONPATH=./src/ ./src/sbin/livemedia\-creator \e
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\-\-make\-iso \-\-iso=/extra/iso/boot.iso \e
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\-\-ks=./docs/fedora\-livemedia.ks \-\-lorax\-templates=./share/
|
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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|
You can observe the installation using vnc. The logs will show what port was
|
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chosen, or you can use a specific port by passing it. eg. \fB\-\-vnc vnc:127.0.0.1:5\fP
|
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.sp
|
|
This is usually a good idea when testing changes to the kickstart. lmc tries
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to monitor the logs for fatal errors, but may not catch everything.
|
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.SH HOW ISO CREATION WORKS
|
|
.sp
|
|
There are 2 stages, the install stage which produces a disk or filesystem image
|
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as its output, and the boot media creation which uses the image as its input.
|
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Normally you would run both stages, but it is possible to stop after the
|
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install stage, by using \fB\-\-image\-only\fP, or to skip the install stage and use
|
|
a previously created disk image by passing \fB\-\-disk\-image\fP or \fB\-\-fs\-image\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
When creating an iso qemu boots using the passed Anaconda installer iso
|
|
and installs the system based on the kickstart. The \fB%post\fP section of the
|
|
kickstart is used to customize the installed system in the same way that
|
|
current spin\-kickstarts do.
|
|
.sp
|
|
livemedia\-creator monitors the install process for problems by watching the
|
|
install logs. They are written to the current directory or to the base
|
|
directory specified by the \-\-logfile command. You can also monitor the install
|
|
by using a vnc client. This is recommended when first modifying a kickstart,
|
|
since there are still places where Anaconda may get stuck without the log
|
|
monitor catching it.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The output from this process is a partitioned disk image. kpartx can be used
|
|
to mount and examine it when there is a problem with the install. It can also
|
|
be booted using kvm.
|
|
.sp
|
|
When creating an iso the disk image\(aqs / partition is copied into a formatted
|
|
filesystem image which is then used as the input to lorax for creation of the
|
|
final media.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The final image is created by lorax, using the templates in /usr/share/lorax/live/
|
|
or the live directory below the directory specified by \fB\-\-lorax\-templates\fP\&. The
|
|
templates are written using the Mako template system with some extra commands
|
|
added by lorax.
|
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.sp
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
The output from \-\-make\-iso includes the artifacts used to create the boot.iso;
|
|
the kernel, initrd, the squashfs filesystem, etc. If you only want the
|
|
boot.iso you can pass \fB\-\-iso\-only\fP and the other files will be removed. You
|
|
can also name the iso by using \fB\-\-iso\-name my\-live.iso\fP\&.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH KICKSTARTS
|
|
.sp
|
|
The docs/ directory includes several example kickstarts, one to create a live
|
|
desktop iso using GNOME, and another to create a minimal disk image. When
|
|
creating your own kickstarts you should start with the minimal example, it
|
|
includes several needed packages that are not always included by dependencies.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Or you can use existing spin kickstarts to create live media with a few
|
|
changes. Here are the steps I used to convert the Fedora XFCE spin.
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP 1. 4
|
|
Flatten the xfce kickstart using ksflatten
|
|
.IP 2. 4
|
|
Add zerombr so you don\(aqt get the disk init dialog
|
|
.IP 3. 4
|
|
Add clearpart \-\-all
|
|
.IP 4. 4
|
|
Add swap partition
|
|
.IP 5. 4
|
|
bootloader target
|
|
.IP 6. 4
|
|
Add shutdown to the kickstart
|
|
.IP 7. 4
|
|
Add network \-\-bootproto=dhcp \-\-activate to activate the network
|
|
This works for F16 builds but for F15 and before you need to pass
|
|
something on the cmdline that activate the network, like sshd:
|
|
.INDENT 4.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBlivemedia\-creator \-\-kernel\-args="sshd"\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.IP 8. 4
|
|
Add a root password:
|
|
.INDENT 4.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
rootpw rootme
|
|
network \-\-bootproto=dhcp \-\-activate
|
|
zerombr
|
|
clearpart \-\-all
|
|
bootloader \-\-location=mbr
|
|
part swap \-\-size=512
|
|
shutdown
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.IP 9. 4
|
|
In the livesys script section of the %post remove the root password. This
|
|
really depends on how the spin wants to work. You could add the live user
|
|
that you create to the %wheel group so that sudo works if you wanted to.
|
|
.INDENT 4.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBpasswd \-d root > /dev/null\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.IP 10. 4
|
|
Remove /etc/fstab in %post, dracut handles mounting the rootfs
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBcat /dev/null > /dev/fstab\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Do this only for live iso\(aqs, the filesystem will be mounted read only if
|
|
there is no /etc/fstab
|
|
.IP 11. 4
|
|
Don\(aqt delete initramfs files from /boot in %post
|
|
.IP 12. 4
|
|
When creating live iso\(aqs you need to have, at least, these packages in the %package section::
|
|
dracut\-config\-generic
|
|
dracut\-live
|
|
\-dracut\-config\-rescue
|
|
grub2\-efi
|
|
memtest86+
|
|
syslinux
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SS User created repositories
|
|
.sp
|
|
If you are using your own repositories and installing groups (eg. @core) make
|
|
sure you create the repodata with groups like this \fBcreaterepo \-g
|
|
/path/to/groups.xml /path/to/rpms\fP
|
|
.SS Using a Proxy with repos
|
|
.sp
|
|
One drawback to using qemu is that it pulls the packages from the repo each
|
|
time you run it. To speed things up you either need a local mirror of the
|
|
packages, or you can use a caching proxy. When using a proxy you pass it to
|
|
livemedia\-creator like this:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fB\-\-proxy=http://proxy.yourdomain.com:3128\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
You also need to use a specific mirror instead of mirrormanager so that the
|
|
packages will get cached, so your kickstart url would look like:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBurl \-\-url="http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/development/rawhide/x86_64/os/"\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
You can also add an update repo, but don\(aqt name it updates. Add \-\-proxy to it
|
|
as well. You can use all of the \fI\%kickstart commands\fP in your kickstart. Make sure there
|
|
is only one \fBurl\fP command, other repos have to use the \fBrepo\fP command and cannot be
|
|
named \fBupdates\fP which is reserved for Anaconda\(aqs use. eg.:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
url \-\-url=PRIMARY\-REPO\-URL \-\-proxy=PROXY\-URL
|
|
repo \-\-name="repo1" \-\-baseurl=FIRST\-REPO\-URL \-\-proxy=PROXY\-URL
|
|
repo \-\-name="repo2" \-\-baseurl=SECOND\-REPO_URL \-\-proxy=PROXY\-URL
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH ANACONDA IMAGE INSTALL (NO-VIRT)
|
|
.sp
|
|
You can create images without using qemu by passing \fB\-\-no\-virt\fP on the
|
|
cmdline. This will use Anaconda\(aqs directory install feature to handle the
|
|
install. There are a couple of things to keep in mind when doing this:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP 1. 3
|
|
It will be most reliable when building images for the same release that the
|
|
host is running. Because Anaconda has expectations about the system it is
|
|
running under you may encounter strange bugs if you try to build newer or
|
|
older releases.
|
|
.IP 2. 3
|
|
It may totally trash your host. So far I haven\(aqt had this happen, but the
|
|
possibility exists that a bug in Anaconda could result in it operating on
|
|
real devices. I recommend running it in a virt or on a system that you can
|
|
afford to lose all data from.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The logs from anaconda will be placed in an ./anaconda/ directory in either
|
|
the current directory or in the directory used for \-\-logfile
|
|
.sp
|
|
Example cmdline:
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBsudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-iso \-\-no\-virt \-\-ks=./fedora\-livemedia.ks\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
Using no\-virt to create a partitioned disk image (eg. \-\-make\-disk or
|
|
\-\-make\-vagrant) will only create disks usable on the host platform (BIOS
|
|
or UEFI). You can create BIOS partitioned disk images on UEFI by using
|
|
virt.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
As of version 30.7 SELinux can be set to Enforcing. The current state is
|
|
logged for debugging purposes and if there are SELinux denials they should
|
|
be reported as a bug.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH AMI IMAGES
|
|
.sp
|
|
Amazon EC2 images can be created by using the \-\-make\-ami switch and an appropriate
|
|
kickstart file. All of the work to customize the image is handled by the kickstart.
|
|
The example currently included was modified from the cloud\-kickstarts version so
|
|
that it would work with livemedia\-creator.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Example cmdline:
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBsudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-ami \-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=./docs/fedora\-livemedia\-ec2.ks\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
This will produce an ami\-root.img file in the working directory.
|
|
.sp
|
|
At this time I have not tested the image with EC2. Feedback would be welcome.
|
|
.SH APPLIANCE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
livemedia\-creator can now replace appliance\-tools by using the \-\-make\-appliance
|
|
switch. This will create the partitioned disk image and an XML file that can be
|
|
used with virt\-image to setup a virtual system.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The XML is generated using the Mako template from
|
|
/usr/share/lorax/appliance/libvirt.xml You can use a different template by
|
|
passing \fB\-\-app\-template <template path>\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Documentation on the Mako template system can be found at the \fI\%Mako site\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
The name of the final output XML is appliance.xml, this can be changed with
|
|
\fB\-\-app\-file <file path>\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
The following variables are passed to the template:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B \fBdisks\fP
|
|
A list of disk_info about each disk.
|
|
Each entry has the following attributes:
|
|
.INDENT 7.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBname\fP
|
|
base name of the disk image file
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBformat\fP
|
|
"raw"
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBchecksum_type\fP
|
|
"sha256"
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBchecksum\fP
|
|
sha256 checksum of the disk image
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBname\fP
|
|
Name of appliance, from \-\-app\-name argument
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBarch\fP
|
|
Architecture
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBmemory\fP
|
|
Memory in KB (from \fB\-\-ram\fP)
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBvcpus\fP
|
|
from \fB\-\-vcpus\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBnetworks\fP
|
|
list of networks from the kickstart or []
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBproject\fP
|
|
from \fB\-\-project\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBreleasever\fP
|
|
from \fB\-\-releasever\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The created image can be imported into libvirt using:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBvirt\-image appliance.xml\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
You can also create qcow2 appliance images using \fB\-\-image\-type=qcow2\fP, for example:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
sudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-appliance \-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=./docs/fedora\-minimal.ks \e
|
|
\-\-image\-type=qcow2 \-\-app\-file=minimal\-test.xml \-\-image\-name=minimal\-test.img
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH FILESYSTEM IMAGE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
livemedia\-creator can be used to create un\-partitined filesystem images using
|
|
the \fB\-\-make\-fsimage\fP option. As of version 21.8 this works with both qemu and
|
|
no\-virt modes of operation. Previously it was only available with no\-virt.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Kickstarts should have a single / partition with no extra mountpoints.
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBlivemedia\-creator \-\-make\-fsimage \-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=./docs/fedora\-minimal.ks\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
You can name the output image with \fB\-\-image\-name\fP and set a label on the filesystem with \fB\-\-fs\-label\fP
|
|
.SH TAR FILE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
The \fB\-\-make\-tar\fP command can be used to create a tar of the root filesystem. By
|
|
default it is compressed using xz, but this can be changed using the
|
|
\fB\-\-compression\fP and \fB\-\-compress\-arg\fP options. This option works with both virt and
|
|
no\-virt install methods.
|
|
.sp
|
|
As with \fB\-\-make\-fsimage\fP the kickstart should be limited to a single / partition.
|
|
.sp
|
|
For example:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-tar \-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=./docs/fedora\-minimal.ks \e
|
|
\-\-image\-name=fedora\-root.tar.xz
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH LIVE IMAGE FOR PXE BOOT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The \fB\-\-make\-pxe\-live\fP command will produce squashfs image containing live root
|
|
filesystem that can be used for pxe boot. Directory with results will contain
|
|
the live image, kernel image, initrd image and template of pxe configuration
|
|
for the images.
|
|
.SH ATOMIC LIVE IMAGE FOR PXE BOOT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The \fB\-\-make\-ostree\-live\fP command will produce the same result as \fB\-\-make\-pxe\-live\fP
|
|
for installations of Atomic Host. Example kickstart for such an installation
|
|
using Atomic installer iso with local repo included in the image can be found
|
|
in docs/rhel\-atomic\-pxe\-live.ks.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The PXE images can also be created with \fB\-\-no\-virt\fP by using the example
|
|
kickstart in docs/fedora\-atomic\-pxe\-live\-novirt.ks. This also works inside the
|
|
mock environment.
|
|
.SH USING MOCK AND --NO-VIRT TO CREATE IMAGES
|
|
.sp
|
|
As of lorax version 22.2 you can use livemedia\-creator and anaconda version
|
|
22.15 inside of a mock chroot with \-\-make\-iso and \-\-make\-fsimage.
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
As of mock version 2.0 you no longer need to pass \fB\-\-old\-chroot\fP\&. You will,
|
|
however, need to pass \fB\-\-enable\-network\fP so that the mock container can download
|
|
packages.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Older versions of mock, between 1.3.4 and 2.0, will need to pass
|
|
\fB\-\-old\-chroot\fP with mock. These versions of mock now default to using
|
|
systemd\-nspawn which cannot create the needed loop device nodes. Passing
|
|
\fB\-\-old\-chroot\fP will use the old system where \fB/dev/loop*\fP is setup for
|
|
you.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
On the host system:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP 1. 3
|
|
yum install \-y mock
|
|
.IP 2. 3
|
|
Add a user to the mock group to use for running mock. eg. builder
|
|
.IP 3. 3
|
|
Create a new /etc/mock/ config file based on the rawhide one, or modify the
|
|
existing one so that the following options are setup:
|
|
.INDENT 3.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
config_opts[\(aqchroot_setup_cmd\(aq] = \(aqinstall @buildsys\-build anaconda\-tui lorax\(aq
|
|
|
|
# build results go into /home/builder/results/
|
|
config_opts[\(aqplugin_conf\(aq][\(aqbind_mount_opts\(aq][\(aqdirs\(aq].append((\(aq/home/builder/results\(aq,\(aq/results/\(aq))
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
If you are creating images for a branched release of Fedora you should also enable
|
|
the updates\-testing repository so that you get the latest builds in your mock chroot.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The following steps are run as the builder user who is a member of the mock
|
|
group.
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP 4. 3
|
|
Make a directory for results matching the bind mount above
|
|
\fBmkdir ~/results/\fP
|
|
.IP 5. 3
|
|
Copy the example kickstarts
|
|
\fBcp /usr/share/docs/lorax/*ks .\fP
|
|
.IP 6. 3
|
|
Make sure tar and dracut\-network are in the %packages section and that the
|
|
\fBurl points to the correct repo\fP
|
|
.IP 7. 3
|
|
Init the mock
|
|
\fBmock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-init\fP
|
|
.IP 8. 3
|
|
Copy the kickstart inside the mock
|
|
\fBmock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-copyin ./fedora\-minimal.ks /root/\fP
|
|
.IP 9. 3
|
|
Make a minimal iso:
|
|
.INDENT 3.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
mock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-enable\-network \-\-chroot \-\- livemedia\-creator \-\-no\-virt \e
|
|
\-\-resultdir=/results/try\-1 \-\-logfile=/results/logs/try\-1/try\-1.log \e
|
|
\-\-make\-iso \-\-ks /root/fedora\-minimal.ks
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
Results will be in ./results/try\-1 and logs under /results/logs/try\-1/
|
|
including anaconda logs and livemedia\-creator logs. The new iso will be
|
|
located at ~/results/try\-1/images/boot.iso, and the ~/results/try\-1/
|
|
directory tree will also contain the vmlinuz, initrd, etc.
|
|
.SH USING MOCK AND QEMU TO CREATE IMAGES
|
|
.sp
|
|
Version 25.0 of livemedia\-creator switches to using qemu for virtualization.
|
|
This allows creation of all image types, and use of the KVM on the host if
|
|
/dev/kvm is present in the mock environment.
|
|
.sp
|
|
On the host system:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP 1. 3
|
|
yum install \-y mock
|
|
.IP 2. 3
|
|
Add a user to the mock group to use for running mock. eg. builder
|
|
.IP 3. 3
|
|
Create a new /etc/mock/ config file based on the rawhide one, or modify the
|
|
existing one so that the following options are setup:
|
|
.INDENT 3.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
config_opts[\(aqchroot_setup_cmd\(aq] = \(aqinstall @buildsys\-build lorax qemu\(aq
|
|
|
|
# build results go into /home/builder/results/
|
|
config_opts[\(aqplugin_conf\(aq][\(aqbind_mount_opts\(aq][\(aqdirs\(aq].append((\(aq/home/builder/results\(aq,\(aq/results/\(aq))
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
If you are creating images for a branched release of Fedora you should also enable
|
|
the updates\-testing repository so that you get the latest builds in your mock chroot.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The following steps are run as the builder user who is a member of the mock
|
|
group.
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.IP 4. 3
|
|
Make a directory for results matching the bind mount above
|
|
\fBmkdir ~/results/\fP
|
|
.IP 5. 3
|
|
Copy the example kickstarts
|
|
\fBcp /usr/share/docs/lorax/*ks .\fP
|
|
.IP 6. 3
|
|
Make sure tar and dracut\-network are in the %packages section and that the
|
|
\fBurl points to the correct repo\fP
|
|
.IP 7. 3
|
|
Init the mock
|
|
\fBmock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-init\fP
|
|
.IP 8. 3
|
|
Copy the kickstart inside the mock
|
|
\fBmock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-copyin ./fedora\-minimal.ks /root/\fP
|
|
.IP 9. 3
|
|
Copy the Anaconda boot.iso inside the mock
|
|
\fBmock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-copyin ./boot.iso /root/\fP
|
|
.IP 10. 3
|
|
Make a minimal iso:
|
|
.INDENT 3.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
mock \-r fedora\-rawhide\-x86_64 \-\-enable\-network \-\-chroot \-\- livemedia\-creator \e
|
|
\-\-resultdir=/results/try\-1 \-\-logfile=/results/logs/try\-1/try\-1.log \e
|
|
\-\-make\-iso \-\-ks /root/fedora\-minimal.ks \-\-iso /root/boot.iso
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
Results will be in ./results/try\-1 and logs under /results/logs/try\-1/
|
|
including anaconda logs and livemedia\-creator logs. The new iso will be
|
|
located at ~/results/try\-1/images/boot.iso, and the ~/results/try\-1/
|
|
directory tree will also contain the vmlinuz, initrd, etc.
|
|
.sp
|
|
This will run qemu without kvm support, which is going to be very slow. You can
|
|
add \fBmknod /dev/kvm c 10 232;\fP to create the device node before running lmc.
|
|
.SH OPENSTACK IMAGE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
OpenStack supports partitioned disk images so \fB\-\-make\-disk\fP can be used to
|
|
create images for importing into glance, OpenStack\(aqs image storage component.
|
|
You need to have access to an OpenStack provider that allows image uploads, or
|
|
setup your own using the instructions from the \fI\%RDO Project\fP\&.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The example kickstart, fedora\-openstack.ks, is only slightly different than the
|
|
fedora\-minimal.ks one. It adds the cloud\-init and cloud\-utils\-growpart
|
|
packages. OpenStack supports setting up the image using cloud\-init, and
|
|
cloud\-utils\-growpart will grow the image to fit the instance\(aqs disk size.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Create a qcow2 image using the kickstart like this:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBsudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-disk \-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=/path/to/fedora\-openstack.ks \-\-image\-type=qcow2\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
On the RHEL7 version of lmc \fB\-\-image\-type\fP isn\(aqt supported. You can only create a bare partitioned disk image.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
Import the resulting disk image into the OpenStack system, either via the web UI, or glance on the cmdline:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
glance image\-create \-\-name "fedora\-openstack" \-\-is\-public true \-\-disk\-format qcow2 \e
|
|
\-\-container\-format bare \-\-file ./fedora\-openstack.qcow2
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
If qcow2 wasn\(aqt used then \fB\-\-disk\-format\fP should be set to raw.
|
|
.SH DOCKER IMAGE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
Use lmc to create a tarfile as described in the \fI\%TAR File Creation\fP section, but substitute the
|
|
fedora\-docker.ks example kickstart which removes the requirement for core files and the kernel.
|
|
.sp
|
|
You can then import the tarfile into docker like this (as root):
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBcat /var/tmp/fedora\-root.tar.xz | docker import \- fedora\-root\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
And then run bash inside of it:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
\fBsudo docker run \-i \-t fedora\-root /bin/bash\fP
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH OPEN CONTAINER INITIATIVE IMAGE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
The OCI is a new specification that is still being worked on. You can read more about it at
|
|
\fI\%the Open Container Initiative website\fP\&. You can create
|
|
OCI images using the following command:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
sudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-oci \-\-oci\-config /path/to/config.json \-\-oci\-runtime /path/to/runtime.json \e
|
|
\-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=/path/to/fedora\-minimal.ks
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
You must provide the config.json and runtime.json files to be included in the bundle,
|
|
their specifications can be found \fI\%on the OCI github project\fP
|
|
output will be in the results directory with a default name of bundle.tar.xz
|
|
.sp
|
|
This will work with \fB\-\-no\-virt\fP and inside a mock since it doesn\(aqt use any
|
|
partitioned disk images.
|
|
.SH VAGRANT IMAGE CREATION
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fI\%Vagrant\fP images can be created using the following command:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
sudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-vagrant \-\-vagrant\-metadata /path/to/metadata.json \e
|
|
\-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \-\-ks=/path/to/fedora\-vagrant.ks
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
The image created is a \fI\%vagrant\-libvirt\fP provider image and needs to have
|
|
vagrant setup with libvirt before you can use it.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The \fB\-\-vagrant\-metadata\fP file is optional, it will create a minimal one by
|
|
default, and if one is passed it will make sure the disk size is setup
|
|
correctly. If you pass a \fB\-\-vagrant\-vagrantfile\fP it will be included in the
|
|
image verbatim. By default no vagrantfile is created.
|
|
.sp
|
|
There is an example Vagrant kickstart file in the docs directory that sets up
|
|
the vagrant user with the default insecure SSH pubkey and a few useful
|
|
utilities.
|
|
.sp
|
|
This also works with \fB\-\-no\-virt\fP, but will not work inside a mock due to its
|
|
use of partitioned disk images and qcow2.
|
|
.SH CREATING UEFI DISK IMAGES WITH VIRT
|
|
.sp
|
|
Partitioned disk images can only be created for the same platform as the host system (BIOS or
|
|
UEFI). You can use virt to create BIOS images on UEFI systems, and it is also possible
|
|
to create UEFI images on BIOS systems using OVMF firmware and qemu.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Install the lorax\-lmc\-virt package, this will install qemu and the OVMF
|
|
firmware files.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Now you can run livemedia\-creator with \fB\-\-virt\-uefi\fP to boot and install using UEFI:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
sudo livemedia\-creator \-\-make\-disk \-\-virt\-uefi \-\-iso=/path/to/boot.iso \e
|
|
\-\-ks=/path/to/fedora\-minimal.ks
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
Make sure that the kickstart you are using creates a /boot/efi partition by including this:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
part /boot/efi \-\-fstype="efi" \-\-size=500
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
Or use \fBreqpart\fP in the kickstart and Anaconda will create the required partitions.
|
|
.sp
|
|
\fBNOTE:\fP
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
The \-\-virt\-uefi method is currently only supported on the x86_64 architecture.
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.SH DEBUGGING PROBLEMS
|
|
.sp
|
|
Sometimes an installation will get stuck. When using qemu the logs will
|
|
be written to ./virt\-install.log and most of the time any problems that happen
|
|
will be near the end of the file. lmc tries to detect common errors and will
|
|
cancel the installation when they happen. But not everything can be caught.
|
|
When creating a new kickstart it is helpful to use vnc so that you can monitor
|
|
the installation as it happens, and if it gets stuck without lmc detecting the
|
|
problem you can switch to tty1 and examine the system directly.
|
|
.sp
|
|
If you suspect problems with %pre or %post sections you can redirect the output
|
|
to the terminal and examine it by logging into the VM. eg.:
|
|
.INDENT 0.0
|
|
.INDENT 3.5
|
|
.sp
|
|
.nf
|
|
.ft C
|
|
%pre
|
|
chvt
|
|
exec < /dev/tty3 > /dev/tty3 2>/dev/tty3
|
|
#do stuff
|
|
echo hello world
|
|
%end
|
|
.ft P
|
|
.fi
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.UNINDENT
|
|
.sp
|
|
If it does get stuck the best way to cancel is to use kill \-9 on the qemu pid,
|
|
lmc will detect that the process died and cleanup.
|
|
.sp
|
|
If lmc didn\(aqt handle the cleanup for some reason you can do this:
|
|
1. \fBsudo umount /tmp/lmc\-XXXX\fP to unmount the iso from its mountpoint.
|
|
2. \fBsudo rm \-rf /tmp/lmc\-XXXX\fP
|
|
3. \fBsudo rm /var/tmp/lmc\-disk\-XXXXX\fP to remove the disk image.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Note that lmc uses the lmc\- prefix for all of its temporary files and
|
|
directories to make it easier to find and clean up leftovers.
|
|
.sp
|
|
The logs from the qemu run are stored in virt\-install.log, logs from
|
|
livemedia\-creator are in livemedia.log and program.log
|
|
.sp
|
|
You can add \fB\-\-image\-only\fP to skip the .iso creation and examine the resulting
|
|
disk image. Or you can pass \fB\-\-keep\-image\fP to keep it around after the iso has
|
|
been created.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Cleaning up aborted \fB\-\-no\-virt\fP installs can sometimes be accomplished by
|
|
running the \fBanaconda\-cleanup\fP script. As of Fedora 18 anaconda is
|
|
multi\-threaded and it can sometimes become stuck and refuse to exit. When this
|
|
happens you can usually clean up by first killing the anaconda process then
|
|
running \fBanaconda\-cleanup\fP\&.
|
|
.SH HACKING
|
|
.sp
|
|
Development on this will take place as part of the lorax project, and on the
|
|
anaconda\-devel\-list mailing list, and \fI\%on github\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Feedback, enhancements and bugs are welcome. You can use \fI\%bugzilla\fP to
|
|
report bugs against the lorax component.
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
Weldr Team
|
|
.SH COPYRIGHT
|
|
2018, Red Hat, Inc.
|
|
.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
|
|
.
|