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Add livemedia-creator README and example ks

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Brian C. Lane 2011-11-16 17:32:55 -08:00
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INTRO
-----
livemedia-creator uses Anaconda, kickstart and Lorax to create bootable media
such as live iso's that use the same install path as a normal system install.
The general idea is to use virt-install to install into a disk image and then
use the disk image to create the bootable media.
livemedia-creator --help will describe all of the options available. At the
minimum you need:
--make-iso to create a final bootable .iso
--iso to specify the Anaconda install media to use with virt-install
--ks is the kickstart to use to install the system
QUICKSTART
----------
sudo livemedia-creator --make-iso \
--iso=/extra/iso/Fedora-16-x86_64-netinst.iso --ks=./fedora-livemedia.ks
If you are using the lorax git repo you can run it like so:
sudo PATH=./src/sbin/:$PATH PYTHONPATH=./src/ ./src/sbin/livemedia-creator \
--make-iso --iso=/extra/iso/Fedora-16-x86_64-netinst.iso \
--ks=./docs/livemedia-example.ks --lorax-templates=./share/
If you want to watch the install you can pass '--vnc vnc' and use a vnc
client to connect to localhost:0
This is usually a good idea when testing changes to the kickstart. It tries
to monitor the logs for fatal errors, but may not catch everything.
HOW IT WORKS
------------
The --make-* switches define the final output. Currently only --make-iso
is working.
You then need to either pass --iso and --ks in order to create a disk image
using virt-install, or --disk-image to use a disk image from a previous run
to create the .iso
virt-install boots using the passed Anaconda installer iso and installs the
system based on the kickstart. The %post section of the kickstart is used to
customize the installed system in the same way that current spin-kickstarts
do.
livemedia-creator monitors the install process for problems by watching the
install logs. They are written to the current directory or to the base directory
specified by the --logfile command. You can also monitor the install by passing
--vnc vnc and using a vnc client. This is recommended when first modifying a
kickstart, since there are still places where Anaconda may get stuck without
the log monitor catching it.
The output from this process is a partitioned disk image. kpartx can be used
to mount and examine it when there is a problem with the install. It can also
be booted using kvm.
Once the disk image is created it copies the / partition into a formatted
disk image which is then used as the input to lorax for creation of the
final media.
The final image is created by lorax, using the templates in /usr/share/lorax/
or the directory specified by --lorax-templates
Currently the standard lorax templates are used to make a bootable iso, but
it should be possible to modify them to output other results. They are
written using the Mako template system which is very flexible.
KICKSTARTS
----------
Existing spin kickstarts can be used to create live media with a few changes.
Here are the steps I used to convert the XFCE spin.
1. Flatten the xfce kickstart using ksflatten
2. Add zerombr so you don't get the disk init dialog
3. Add clearpart --all
4. Add swap and biosboot partitions
5. bootloader target
6. Add shutdown to the kickstart
7. Add network --bootproto=dhcp --activate to activate the network
This works for F16 builds but for F15 and before you need to pass
something on the cmdline that activate the network, like sshd.
livemedia-creator --kernel-args="sshd"
8. Add a root password
rootpw rootme
network --bootproto=dhcp --activate
zerombr
clearpart --all
bootloader --location=mbr
part biosboot --size=1
part swap --size=512
shutdown
9. In the livesys script section of the %post remove the root password. This
really depends on how the spin wants to work. You could add the live user
that you create to the %wheel group so that sudo works if you wanted to.
passwd -d root > /dev/null
10. Remove /etc/fstab in %post, dracut handles mounting the rootfs
cat /dev/null > /dev/fstab
11. Don't delete initramfs files from /boot in %post
12. Have grub-efi in the package list
One drawback to using virt-install is that it pulls the packages from
the repo each time you run it. To speed things up you either need a local
mirror of the packages, or you can use a caching proxy. When using a proxy
you pass it to livemedia-creator like so:
--kernel-args="proxy=http://proxy.yourdomain.com:3128"
You also need to use a specific mirror instead of mirrormanager so that the
packages will get cached:
url --url="http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/development/16/x86_64/os/"
You can also add an update repo, but don't name it updates. Add --proxy to
it as well.
DEBUGGING PROBLEMS
------------------
Cleaning up an aborted (ctrl-c) virt-install run (as root):
virsh list to show the name of the virt
virsh destroy <name>
virsh undefine <name>
umount /tmp/tmpXXXX
rm -rf /tmp/tmpXXXX
rm /tmp/diskXXXXX
The logs from the virt-install run are stored in virt-install.log,
logs from livemedia-creator are in livemedia.log and program.log
You can add --image-only to skip the .iso creation and examine the resulting
disk image. Or you can pass --keep-image to keep it around after lorax is
run.
THE FUTURE
----------
The current release only supports creating live iso's. In the future
I want it to be able to create ami images as well as appliance images.
It is also limited to x86 architectures because of it's use of virt-install.
I hope to be able to support other arches by using Anaconda's image install
feature instead of virt-install. This will require that livemedia-creator
be running on the same release as is being created in order to avoid odd
problems.
I would like to provide a set of alternate lorax template scripts to create
other media.
HACKING
-------
Development on this will take place as part of the lorax project, and on the
anaconda-devel-list mailing list.
Feedback, enhancements and bugs are welcome.
You can use http://bugzilla.redhat.com to report bugs.

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#version=DEVEL
sshpw --username=root --plaintext randOmStrinGhERE
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled --service=mdns
# Use network installation
url --url="http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/16/Everything/x86_64/os/"
# X Window System configuration information
xconfig --startxonboot
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext removethispw
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on --activate
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# SELinux configuration
selinux --enforcing
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Shutdown after installation
shutdown
# System services
services --disabled="network,sshd" --enabled="NetworkManager"
# System timezone
timezone US/Eastern
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all
# Disk partitioning information
part biosboot --size=1
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=4000
part swap --size=1000
%post
# FIXME: it'd be better to get this installed from a package
cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys << EOF
#!/bin/bash
#
# live: Init script for live image
#
# chkconfig: 345 00 99
# description: Init script for live image.
. /etc/init.d/functions
if ! strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" liveimg || [ "\$1" != "start" ]; then
exit 0
fi
if [ -e /.liveimg-configured ] ; then
configdone=1
fi
exists() {
which \$1 >/dev/null 2>&1 || return
\$*
}
touch /.liveimg-configured
# mount live image
if [ -b \`readlink -f /dev/live\` ]; then
mkdir -p /mnt/live
mount -o ro /dev/live /mnt/live 2>/dev/null || mount /dev/live /mnt/live
fi
livedir="LiveOS"
for arg in \`cat /proc/cmdline\` ; do
if [ "\${arg##live_dir=}" != "\${arg}" ]; then
livedir=\${arg##live_dir=}
return
fi
done
# enable swaps unless requested otherwise
swaps=\`blkid -t TYPE=swap -o device\`
if ! strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" noswap && [ -n "\$swaps" ] ; then
for s in \$swaps ; do
action "Enabling swap partition \$s" swapon \$s
done
fi
if ! strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" noswap && [ -f /mnt/live/\${livedir}/swap.img ] ; then
action "Enabling swap file" swapon /mnt/live/\${livedir}/swap.img
fi
mountPersistentHome() {
# support label/uuid
if [ "\${homedev##LABEL=}" != "\${homedev}" -o "\${homedev##UUID=}" != "\${homedev}" ]; then
homedev=\`/sbin/blkid -o device -t "\$homedev"\`
fi
# if we're given a file rather than a blockdev, loopback it
if [ "\${homedev##mtd}" != "\${homedev}" ]; then
# mtd devs don't have a block device but get magic-mounted with -t jffs2
mountopts="-t jffs2"
elif [ ! -b "\$homedev" ]; then
loopdev=\`losetup -f\`
if [ "\${homedev##/mnt/live}" != "\${homedev}" ]; then
action "Remounting live store r/w" mount -o remount,rw /mnt/live
fi
losetup \$loopdev \$homedev
homedev=\$loopdev
fi
# if it's encrypted, we need to unlock it
if [ "\$(/sbin/blkid -s TYPE -o value \$homedev 2>/dev/null)" = "crypto_LUKS" ]; then
echo
echo "Setting up encrypted /home device"
plymouth ask-for-password --command="cryptsetup luksOpen \$homedev EncHome"
homedev=/dev/mapper/EncHome
fi
# and finally do the mount
mount \$mountopts \$homedev /home
# if we have /home under what's passed for persistent home, then
# we should make that the real /home. useful for mtd device on olpc
if [ -d /home/home ]; then mount --bind /home/home /home ; fi
[ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon /home
if [ -d /home/liveuser ]; then USERADDARGS="-M" ; fi
}
findPersistentHome() {
for arg in \`cat /proc/cmdline\` ; do
if [ "\${arg##persistenthome=}" != "\${arg}" ]; then
homedev=\${arg##persistenthome=}
return
fi
done
}
if strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" persistenthome= ; then
findPersistentHome
elif [ -e /mnt/live/\${livedir}/home.img ]; then
homedev=/mnt/live/\${livedir}/home.img
fi
# if we have a persistent /home, then we want to go ahead and mount it
if ! strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" nopersistenthome && [ -n "\$homedev" ] ; then
action "Mounting persistent /home" mountPersistentHome
fi
# make it so that we don't do writing to the overlay for things which
# are just tmpdirs/caches
mount -t tmpfs -o mode=0755 varcacheyum /var/cache/yum
mount -t tmpfs tmp /tmp
mount -t tmpfs vartmp /var/tmp
[ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon /var/cache/yum /tmp /var/tmp >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ -n "\$configdone" ]; then
exit 0
fi
# add fedora user with no passwd
action "Adding live user" useradd \$USERADDARGS -c "Live System User" liveuser
passwd -d liveuser > /dev/null
# turn off firstboot for livecd boots
chkconfig --level 345 firstboot off 2>/dev/null
# We made firstboot a native systemd service, so it can no longer be turned
# off with chkconfig. It should be possible to turn it off with systemctl, but
# that doesn't work right either. For now, this is good enough: the firstboot
# service will start up, but this tells it not to run firstboot. I suspect the
# other services 'disabled' below are not actually getting disabled properly,
# with systemd, but we can look into that later. - AdamW 2010/08 F14Alpha
echo "RUN_FIRSTBOOT=NO" > /etc/sysconfig/firstboot
# don't start yum-updatesd for livecd boots
chkconfig --level 345 yum-updatesd off 2>/dev/null
# turn off mdmonitor by default
chkconfig --level 345 mdmonitor off 2>/dev/null
# turn off setroubleshoot on the live image to preserve resources
chkconfig --level 345 setroubleshoot off 2>/dev/null
# don't do packagekit checking by default
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t string /apps/gnome-packagekit/update-icon/frequency_get_updates never >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t string /apps/gnome-packagekit/update-icon/frequency_get_upgrades never >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t string /apps/gnome-packagekit/update-icon/frequency_refresh_cache never >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/update-icon/notify_available false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/update-icon/notify_distro_upgrades false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/enable_check_firmware false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/enable_check_hardware false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/enable_codec_helper false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/enable_font_helper false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-packagekit/enable_mime_type_helper false >/dev/null
# don't start cron/at as they tend to spawn things which are
# disk intensive that are painful on a live image
chkconfig --level 345 crond off 2>/dev/null
chkconfig --level 345 atd off 2>/dev/null
chkconfig --level 345 anacron off 2>/dev/null
chkconfig --level 345 readahead_early off 2>/dev/null
chkconfig --level 345 readahead_later off 2>/dev/null
# Stopgap fix for RH #217966; should be fixed in HAL instead
touch /media/.hal-mtab
# workaround clock syncing on shutdown that we don't want (#297421)
sed -i -e 's/hwclock/no-such-hwclock/g' /etc/rc.d/init.d/halt
# and hack so that we eject the cd on shutdown if we're using a CD...
if strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" CDLABEL= ; then
cat >> /sbin/halt.local << FOE
#!/bin/bash
# XXX: This often gets stuck during shutdown because /etc/init.d/halt
# (or something else still running) wants to read files from the block\
# device that was ejected. Disable for now. Bug #531924
# we want to eject the cd on halt, but let's also try to avoid
# io errors due to not being able to get files...
#cat /sbin/halt > /dev/null
#cat /sbin/reboot > /dev/null
#/usr/sbin/eject -p -m \$(readlink -f /dev/live) >/dev/null 2>&1
#echo "Please remove the CD from your drive and press Enter to finish restarting"
#read -t 30 < /dev/console
FOE
chmod +x /sbin/halt.local
fi
EOF
# bah, hal starts way too late
cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys-late << EOF
#!/bin/bash
#
# live: Late init script for live image
#
# chkconfig: 345 99 01
# description: Late init script for live image.
. /etc/init.d/functions
if ! strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" liveimg || [ "\$1" != "start" ] || [ -e /.liveimg-late-configured ] ; then
exit 0
fi
exists() {
which \$1 >/dev/null 2>&1 || return
\$*
}
touch /.liveimg-late-configured
# read some variables out of /proc/cmdline
for o in \`cat /proc/cmdline\` ; do
case \$o in
ks=*)
ks="--kickstart=\${o#ks=}"
;;
xdriver=*)
xdriver="\${o#xdriver=}"
;;
esac
done
# if liveinst or textinst is given, start anaconda
if strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" liveinst ; then
plymouth --quit
/usr/sbin/liveinst \$ks
fi
if strstr "\`cat /proc/cmdline\`" textinst ; then
plymouth --quit
/usr/sbin/liveinst --text \$ks
fi
# configure X, allowing user to override xdriver
if [ -n "\$xdriver" ]; then
cat > /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-xdriver.conf <<FOE
Section "Device"
Identifier "Videocard0"
Driver "\$xdriver"
EndSection
FOE
fi
EOF
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys
/sbin/restorecon /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys
/sbin/chkconfig --add livesys
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys-late
/sbin/restorecon /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys-late
/sbin/chkconfig --add livesys-late
# work around for poor key import UI in PackageKit
rm -f /var/lib/rpm/__db*
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora
echo "Packages within this LiveCD"
rpm -qa
# go ahead and pre-make the man -k cache (#455968)
/usr/bin/mandb
# make sure there aren't core files lying around
rm -f /core*
# convince readahead not to collect
rm -f /.readahead_collect
touch /var/lib/readahead/early.sorted
%end
%post --nochroot
cp $INSTALL_ROOT/usr/share/doc/*-release-*/GPL $LIVE_ROOT/GPL
# only works on x86, x86_64
if [ "$(uname -i)" = "i386" -o "$(uname -i)" = "x86_64" ]; then
if [ ! -d $LIVE_ROOT/LiveOS ]; then mkdir -p $LIVE_ROOT/LiveOS ; fi
cp /usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk $LIVE_ROOT/LiveOS
fi
%end
%post
cat >> /etc/rc.d/init.d/livesys << EOF
# disable screensaver locking
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_enabled false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /desktop/gnome/lockdown/disable_lock_screen true >/dev/null
# set up timed auto-login for after 60 seconds
cat >> /etc/gdm/custom.conf << FOE
[daemon]
AutomaticLoginEnable=True
AutomaticLogin=liveuser
FOE
# Show harddisk install on the desktop
sed -i -e 's/NoDisplay=true/NoDisplay=false/' /usr/share/applications/liveinst.desktop
mkdir /home/liveuser/Desktop
cp /usr/share/applications/liveinst.desktop /home/liveuser/Desktop
chown -R liveuser.liveuser /home/liveuser/Desktop
chmod a+x /home/liveuser/Desktop/liveinst.desktop
# But not trash and home
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/nautilus/desktop/trash_icon_visible false >/dev/null
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -s -t bool /apps/nautilus/desktop/home_icon_visible false >/dev/null
# Turn off PackageKit-command-not-found while uninstalled
sed -i -e 's/^SoftwareSourceSearch=true/SoftwareSourceSearch=false/' /etc/PackageKit/CommandNotFound.conf
# Use the animated laughlin background by default
gconftool-2 --direct --config-source=xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults -t str -s /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename /usr/share/backgrounds/laughlin/default-tod/laughlin.xml
EOF
# Remove root password
passwd -d root > /dev/null
# fstab from the install won't match anything. remove it and let dracut
# handle mounting.
cat /dev/null > /etc/fstab
%end
%packages
@admin-tools
@base
@base-x
@core
@dial-up
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@graphical-internet
@hardware-support
@input-methods
#@office
#@printing
#@sound-and-video
anaconda
ibus-pinyin-db-android
isomd5sum
kernel
laughlin-backgrounds-animated-gnome
memtest86+
nss-mdns
-ibus-pinyin-db-open-phrase
-smartmontools
grub-efi
grub2
%end