Add documentation for lorax-composer and composer-cli
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Brian C. Lane
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composer-cli
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============
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:Authors:
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Brian C. Lane <bcl@redhat.com>
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``composer-cli`` is used to interact with the ``lorax-composer`` API server, managing blueprints, exploring available packages, and building new images.
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It requires `lorax-composer <lorax-composer.html>`_ to be installed on the
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local system, and the user running it needs to be a member of the ``weldr``
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group. They do not need to be root, but all of the `security precautions
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<lorax-composer.html#security>`_ apply.
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composer-cli cmdline arguments
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------------------------------
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.. argparse::
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:ref: composer.cli.cmdline.composer_cli_parser
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:prog: composer-cli
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Edit a Blueprint
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----------------
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Start out by listing the available blueprints using ``composer-cli blueprints
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list``, pick one and save it to the local directory by running ``composer-cli
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blueprints save http-server``. If there are no blueprints available you can
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copy one of the examples `from the test suite
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<https://github.com/weldr/lorax/tree/master/tests/pylorax/blueprints/>`_.
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Edit the file (it will be saved with a .toml extension) and chance the
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description, add a package or module to it. Send it back to the server by
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running ``composer-cli blueprints push http-server.toml``. You can verify that it was
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saved by viewing the changelog - ``composer-cli blueprints changes http-server``.
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Build an image
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----------------
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Build a ``qcow2`` disk image from this blueprint by running ``composer-cli
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compose start http-server qcow2``. It will print a UUID that you can use to
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keep track of the build. You can also cancel the build if needed.
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The available types of images is displayed by ``composer-cli compose types``.
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Currently this consists of: ext4-filesystem, live-iso, partitioned-disk, qcow2,
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tar
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Monitor the build status
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------------------------
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Monitor it using ``composer-cli compose status``, which will show the status of
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all the builds on the system. You can view the end of the anaconda build logs
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once it is in the ``RUNNING`` state using ``composer-cli compose log UUID``
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where UUID is the UUID returned by the start command.
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Once the build is in the ``FINISHED`` state you can download the image.
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Download the image
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------------------
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Downloading the final image is done with ``composer-cli compose image UUID`` and it will
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save the qcow2 image as ``UUID-disk.qcow2`` which you can then use to boot a VM like this::
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qemu-kvm --name test-image -m 1024 -hda ./UUID-disk.qcow2
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@ -14,9 +14,16 @@ Contents:
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intro
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lorax
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livemedia-creator
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lorax-composer
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composer-cli
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product-images
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modules
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Documentation for other Lorax Branches
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======================================
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* `Fedora 28 <f28-branch/>`_
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* `RHEL7 lorax-composer <lorax-composer/>`_
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Indices and tables
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==================
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lorax-composer
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==============
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:Authors:
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Brian C. Lane <bcl@redhat.com>
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``lorax-composer`` is an API server that allows you to build disk images using
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`Blueprints`_ to describe the package versions to be installed into the image.
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It is compatible with the Weldr project's bdcs-api REST protocol. More
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information on Weldr can be found `on the Weldr blog <http://www.weldr.io>`_.
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Behind the scenes it uses `livemedia-creator <livemedia-creator.html>`_ and
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`Anaconda <https://anaconda-installer.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ to handle the
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installation and configuration of the images.
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Installation
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------------
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The best way to install ``lorax-composer`` is to use ``sudo dnf install
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lorax-composer composer-cli``, this will setup the weldr user and install the
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systemd socket activation service. You will then need to enable it with ``sudo
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systemctl enable lorax-composer.socket``. This will leave the server off until
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the first request is made. Systemd will then launch the server and it will
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remain running until the system is rebooted.
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Quickstart
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----------
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1. Create a ``weldr`` user and group by running ``useradd weldr``
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2. Remove any pre-existing socket directory with ``rm -rf /run/weldr/``
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A new directory with correct permissions will be created the first time the server runs.
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3. Enable the socket activation with ``systemctl enable lorax-composer.socket`` or
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run it directly with ``lorax-composer /path/to/blueprints/``
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The ``/path/to/blueprints/`` directory is where the blueprints' git repo will
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be created, and all the blueprints created with the ``/api/v0/blueprints/new``
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route will be stored. If there are blueprint ``.toml`` files in the top level
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of the directory they will be imported into the blueprint git storage when
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``lorax-composer`` starts.
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Logs
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----
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Logs are stored under ``/var/log/lorax-composer/`` and include all console
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messages as well as extra debugging info and API requests.
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Security
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--------
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Some security related issues that you should be aware of before running ``lorax-composer``:
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* One of the API server threads needs to retain root privileges in order to run Anaconda.
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* SELinux must be set to Permissive or disabled to allow ``livemedia-creator`` to run Anaconda.
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* Only allow authorized users access to the ``weldr`` group and socket.
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Since Anaconda kickstarts are used there is the possibility that a user could
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inject commands into a blueprint that would result in the kickstart executing
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arbitrary code on the host. Only authorized users should be allowed to build
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images using ``lorax-composer``.
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lorax-composer cmdline arguments
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--------------------------------
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.. argparse::
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:ref: pylorax.api.cmdline.lorax_composer_parser
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:prog: lorax-composer
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How it Works
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------------
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The server runs as root, and as ``weldr``. Communication with it is via a unix
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domain socket (``/run/weldr/api.socket`` by default). The directory and socket
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are owned by ``root:weldr`` so that any user in the ``weldr`` group can use the API
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to control ``lorax-composer``.
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At startup the server will check for the correct permissions and
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ownership of a pre-existing directory, or it will create a new one if it
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doesn't exist. The socket path and group owner's name can be changed from the
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cmdline by passing it the ``--socket`` and ``--group`` arguments.
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It will then drop root privileges for the API thread and run as the ``weldr``
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user. The queue and compose thread still runs as root because it needs to be
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able to mount/umount files and run Anaconda.
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Composing Images
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----------------
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The `welder-web <https://github.com/weldr/welder-web/>`_ GUI project can be used to construct
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blueprints and create composes using a web browser.
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Or use the command line with `composer-cli <composer-cli.html>`_.
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Blueprints
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----------
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Blueprints are simple text files in `TOML <https://github.com/toml-lang/toml>`_ format that describe
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which packages, and what versions, to install into the image. They can also define a limited set
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of customizations to make to the final image.
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Example blueprints can be found in the ``lorax-composer`` `test suite
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<https://github.com/weldr/lorax/tree/master/tests/pylorax/blueprints/>`_, with a simple one
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looking like this::
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name = "base"
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description = "A base system with bash"
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version = "0.0.1"
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[[packages]]
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name = "bash"
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version = "4.4.*"
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The ``name`` field is the name of the blueprint. It can contain spaces, but they will be converted to ``-``
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when it is written to disk. It should be short and descriptive.
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``description`` can be a longer description of the blueprint, it is only used for display purposes.
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``version`` is a `semver compatible <https://semver.org/>`_ version number. If
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a new blueprint is uploaded with the same ``version`` the server will
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automatically bump the PATCH level of the ``version``. If the ``version``
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doesn't match it will be used as is. eg. Uploading a blueprint with ``version`` set to ``0.0.1`` when the existing blueprint ``version`` is ``0.0.1`` will result in the new blueprint being stored as ``version 0.0.1``.
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[[packages]] and [[modules]]
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These entries describe the package names and matching version glob to be installed into the image.
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The names must match the names exactly, and the versions can be an exact match
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or a filesystem-like glob of the version using ``*`` wildcards and ``?``
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character matching.
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NOTE: As of lorax-composer-29.2-1 the versions are not used for depsolving,
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that is planned for a future release. And currently there are no differences
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between ``packages`` and ``modules`` in ``lorax-composer``.
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Customizations
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The ``[[customizations]]`` section can be used to configure the hostname of the final image. eg.::
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[[customizations]]
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hostname = "baseimage"
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[[customizations.sshkey]]
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*************************
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Set an existing user's ssh key in the final image::
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[[customizations.sshkey]]
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user = "root"
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key = "PUBLIC SSH KEY"
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The key will be added to the user's authorized_keys file.
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[[customizations.user]]
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***********************
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Add a user to the image, and/or set their ssh key.
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All fields for this section are optional except for the ``name``, here is a complete example::
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[[customizations.user]]
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name = "admin"
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description = "Administrator account"
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password = "$6$CHO2$3rN8eviE2t50lmVyBYihTgVRHcaecmeCk31L..."
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key = "PUBLIC SSH KEY"
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home = "/srv/widget/"
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shell = "/usr/bin/bash"
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groups = ["widget", "users", "wheel"]
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uid = 1200
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gid = 1200
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If the password starts with ``$6$``, ``$5$``, or ``$2b$`` it will be stored as
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an encrypted password. Otherwise it will be treated as a plain text password.
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[[customizations.group]]
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************************
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Add a group to the image. ``name`` is required and ``gid`` is optional::
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[[customizations.group]]
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name = "widget"
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gid = 1130
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Adding Output Types
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-------------------
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``livemedia-creator`` supports a large number of output types, and only some of
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these are currently available via ``lorax-composer``. To add a new output type to
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lorax-composer a kickstart file needs to be added to ``./share/composer/``. The
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name of the kickstart is what will be used by the ``/compose/types`` route, and the
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``compose_type`` field of the POST to start a compose. It also needs to have
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code added to the :py:func:`pylorax.api.compose.compose_args` function. The
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``_MAP`` entry in this function defines what lorax-composer will pass to
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:py:func:`pylorax.installer.novirt_install` when it runs the compose. When the
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compose is finished the output files need to be copied out of the build
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directory (``/var/lib/lorax/composer/results/<UUID>/compose/``),
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:py:func:`pylorax.api.compose.move_compose_results` handles this for each type.
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You should move them instead of copying to save space.
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If the new output type does not have support in livemedia-creator it should be
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added there first. This will make the output available to the widest number of
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users.
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Example: Add partitioned disk support
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Partitioned disk support is something that livemedia-creator already supports
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via the ``--make-disk`` cmdline argument. To add this to lorax-composer it
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needs 3 things:
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* A ``partitioned-disk.ks`` file in ``./share/composer/``
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* A new entry in the _MAP in :py:func:`pylorax.api.compose.compose_args`
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* Add a bit of code to :py:func:`pylorax.api.compose.move_compose_results` to move the disk image from
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the compose directory to the results directory.
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The ``partitioned-disk.ks`` is pretty similar to the example minimal kickstart
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in ``./docs/fedora-minimal.ks``. You should remove the ``url`` and ``repo``
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commands, they will be added by the compose process. Make sure the bootloader
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packages are included in the ``%packages`` section at the end of the kickstart,
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and you will want to leave off the ``%end`` so that the compose can append the
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list of packages from the blueprint.
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The new ``_MAP`` entry should be a copy of one of the existing entries, but with ``make_disk`` set
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to ``True``. Make sure that none of the other ``make_*`` options are ``True``. The ``image_name`` is
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what the name of the final image will be.
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``move_compose_results()`` can be as simple as moving the output file into
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the results directory, or it could do some post-processing on it. The end of
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the function should always clean up the ``./compose/`` directory, removing any
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unneeded extra files. This is especially true for the ``live-iso`` since it produces
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the contents of the iso as well as the boot.iso itself.
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