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kernel/block/blk-iocost.c

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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
*
* IO cost model based controller.
*
* Copyright (C) 2019 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
* Copyright (C) 2019 Andy Newell <newella@fb.com>
* Copyright (C) 2019 Facebook
*
* One challenge of controlling IO resources is the lack of trivially
* observable cost metric. This is distinguished from CPU and memory where
* wallclock time and the number of bytes can serve as accurate enough
* approximations.
*
* Bandwidth and iops are the most commonly used metrics for IO devices but
* depending on the type and specifics of the device, different IO patterns
* easily lead to multiple orders of magnitude variations rendering them
* useless for the purpose of IO capacity distribution. While on-device
* time, with a lot of clutches, could serve as a useful approximation for
* non-queued rotational devices, this is no longer viable with modern
* devices, even the rotational ones.
*
* While there is no cost metric we can trivially observe, it isn't a
* complete mystery. For example, on a rotational device, seek cost
* dominates while a contiguous transfer contributes a smaller amount
* proportional to the size. If we can characterize at least the relative
* costs of these different types of IOs, it should be possible to
* implement a reasonable work-conserving proportional IO resource
* distribution.
*
* 1. IO Cost Model
*
* IO cost model estimates the cost of an IO given its basic parameters and
* history (e.g. the end sector of the last IO). The cost is measured in
* device time. If a given IO is estimated to cost 10ms, the device should
* be able to process ~100 of those IOs in a second.
*
* Currently, there's only one builtin cost model - linear. Each IO is
* classified as sequential or random and given a base cost accordingly.
* On top of that, a size cost proportional to the length of the IO is
* added. While simple, this model captures the operational
* characteristics of a wide varienty of devices well enough. Default
* parameters for several different classes of devices are provided and the
* parameters can be configured from userspace via
* /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.model.
*
* If needed, tools/cgroup/iocost_coef_gen.py can be used to generate
* device-specific coefficients.
*
* 2. Control Strategy
*
* The device virtual time (vtime) is used as the primary control metric.
* The control strategy is composed of the following three parts.
*
* 2-1. Vtime Distribution
*
* When a cgroup becomes active in terms of IOs, its hierarchical share is
* calculated. Please consider the following hierarchy where the numbers
* inside parentheses denote the configured weights.
*
* root
* / \
* A (w:100) B (w:300)
* / \
* A0 (w:100) A1 (w:100)
*
* If B is idle and only A0 and A1 are actively issuing IOs, as the two are
* of equal weight, each gets 50% share. If then B starts issuing IOs, B
* gets 300/(100+300) or 75% share, and A0 and A1 equally splits the rest,
* 12.5% each. The distribution mechanism only cares about these flattened
* shares. They're called hweights (hierarchical weights) and always add
* upto 1 (WEIGHT_ONE).
*
* A given cgroup's vtime runs slower in inverse proportion to its hweight.
* For example, with 12.5% weight, A0's time runs 8 times slower (100/12.5)
* against the device vtime - an IO which takes 10ms on the underlying
* device is considered to take 80ms on A0.
*
* This constitutes the basis of IO capacity distribution. Each cgroup's
* vtime is running at a rate determined by its hweight. A cgroup tracks
* the vtime consumed by past IOs and can issue a new IO if doing so
* wouldn't outrun the current device vtime. Otherwise, the IO is
* suspended until the vtime has progressed enough to cover it.
*
* 2-2. Vrate Adjustment
*
* It's unrealistic to expect the cost model to be perfect. There are too
* many devices and even on the same device the overall performance
* fluctuates depending on numerous factors such as IO mixture and device
* internal garbage collection. The controller needs to adapt dynamically.
*
* This is achieved by adjusting the overall IO rate according to how busy
* the device is. If the device becomes overloaded, we're sending down too
* many IOs and should generally slow down. If there are waiting issuers
* but the device isn't saturated, we're issuing too few and should
* generally speed up.
*
* To slow down, we lower the vrate - the rate at which the device vtime
* passes compared to the wall clock. For example, if the vtime is running
* at the vrate of 75%, all cgroups added up would only be able to issue
* 750ms worth of IOs per second, and vice-versa for speeding up.
*
* Device business is determined using two criteria - rq wait and
* completion latencies.
*
* When a device gets saturated, the on-device and then the request queues
* fill up and a bio which is ready to be issued has to wait for a request
* to become available. When this delay becomes noticeable, it's a clear
* indication that the device is saturated and we lower the vrate. This
* saturation signal is fairly conservative as it only triggers when both
* hardware and software queues are filled up, and is used as the default
* busy signal.
*
* As devices can have deep queues and be unfair in how the queued commands
* are executed, solely depending on rq wait may not result in satisfactory
* control quality. For a better control quality, completion latency QoS
* parameters can be configured so that the device is considered saturated
* if N'th percentile completion latency rises above the set point.
*
* The completion latency requirements are a function of both the
* underlying device characteristics and the desired IO latency quality of
* service. There is an inherent trade-off - the tighter the latency QoS,
* the higher the bandwidth lossage. Latency QoS is disabled by default
* and can be set through /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.qos.
*
* 2-3. Work Conservation
*
* Imagine two cgroups A and B with equal weights. A is issuing a small IO
* periodically while B is sending out enough parallel IOs to saturate the
* device on its own. Let's say A's usage amounts to 100ms worth of IO
* cost per second, i.e., 10% of the device capacity. The naive
* distribution of half and half would lead to 60% utilization of the
* device, a significant reduction in the total amount of work done
* compared to free-for-all competition. This is too high a cost to pay
* for IO control.
*
* To conserve the total amount of work done, we keep track of how much
* each active cgroup is actually using and yield part of its weight if
* there are other cgroups which can make use of it. In the above case,
* A's weight will be lowered so that it hovers above the actual usage and
* B would be able to use the rest.
*
* As we don't want to penalize a cgroup for donating its weight, the
* surplus weight adjustment factors in a margin and has an immediate
* snapback mechanism in case the cgroup needs more IO vtime for itself.
*
* Note that adjusting down surplus weights has the same effects as
* accelerating vtime for other cgroups and work conservation can also be
* implemented by adjusting vrate dynamically. However, squaring who can
* donate and should take back how much requires hweight propagations
* anyway making it easier to implement and understand as a separate
* mechanism.
*
* 3. Monitoring
*
* Instead of debugfs or other clumsy monitoring mechanisms, this
* controller uses a drgn based monitoring script -
* tools/cgroup/iocost_monitor.py. For details on drgn, please see
* https://github.com/osandov/drgn. The output looks like the following.
*
* sdb RUN per=300ms cur_per=234.218:v203.695 busy= +1 vrate= 62.12%
* active weight hweight% inflt% dbt delay usages%
* test/a * 50/ 50 33.33/ 33.33 27.65 2 0*041 033:033:033
* test/b * 100/ 100 66.67/ 66.67 17.56 0 0*000 066:079:077
*
* - per : Timer period
* - cur_per : Internal wall and device vtime clock
* - vrate : Device virtual time rate against wall clock
* - weight : Surplus-adjusted and configured weights
* - hweight : Surplus-adjusted and configured hierarchical weights
* - inflt : The percentage of in-flight IO cost at the end of last period
* - del_ms : Deferred issuer delay induction level and duration
* - usages : Usage history
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <linux/parser.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <asm/local.h>
#include <asm/local64.h>
#include "blk-rq-qos.h"
#include "blk-stat.h"
#include "blk-wbt.h"
#include "blk-cgroup.h"
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS
/* copied from TRACE_CGROUP_PATH, see cgroup-internal.h */
#define TRACE_IOCG_PATH_LEN 1024
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(trace_iocg_path_lock);
static char trace_iocg_path[TRACE_IOCG_PATH_LEN];
#define TRACE_IOCG_PATH(type, iocg, ...) \
do { \
unsigned long flags; \
if (trace_iocost_##type##_enabled()) { \
spin_lock_irqsave(&trace_iocg_path_lock, flags); \
cgroup_path(iocg_to_blkg(iocg)->blkcg->css.cgroup, \
trace_iocg_path, TRACE_IOCG_PATH_LEN); \
trace_iocost_##type(iocg, trace_iocg_path, \
##__VA_ARGS__); \
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&trace_iocg_path_lock, flags); \
} \
} while (0)
#else /* CONFIG_TRACE_POINTS */
#define TRACE_IOCG_PATH(type, iocg, ...) do { } while (0)
#endif /* CONFIG_TRACE_POINTS */
enum {
MILLION = 1000000,
/* timer period is calculated from latency requirements, bound it */
MIN_PERIOD = USEC_PER_MSEC,
MAX_PERIOD = USEC_PER_SEC,
/*
* iocg->vtime is targeted at 50% behind the device vtime, which
* serves as its IO credit buffer. Surplus weight adjustment is
* immediately canceled if the vtime margin runs below 10%.
*/
MARGIN_MIN_PCT = 10,
MARGIN_LOW_PCT = 20,
MARGIN_TARGET_PCT = 50,
INUSE_ADJ_STEP_PCT = 25,
/* Have some play in timer operations */
TIMER_SLACK_PCT = 1,
/* 1/64k is granular enough and can easily be handled w/ u32 */
WEIGHT_ONE = 1 << 16,
};
enum {
/*
* As vtime is used to calculate the cost of each IO, it needs to
* be fairly high precision. For example, it should be able to
* represent the cost of a single page worth of discard with
* suffificient accuracy. At the same time, it should be able to
* represent reasonably long enough durations to be useful and
* convenient during operation.
*
* 1s worth of vtime is 2^37. This gives us both sub-nanosecond
* granularity and days of wrap-around time even at extreme vrates.
*/
VTIME_PER_SEC_SHIFT = 37,
VTIME_PER_SEC = 1LLU << VTIME_PER_SEC_SHIFT,
VTIME_PER_USEC = VTIME_PER_SEC / USEC_PER_SEC,
VTIME_PER_NSEC = VTIME_PER_SEC / NSEC_PER_SEC,
/* bound vrate adjustments within two orders of magnitude */
VRATE_MIN_PPM = 10000, /* 1% */
VRATE_MAX_PPM = 100000000, /* 10000% */
VRATE_MIN = VTIME_PER_USEC * VRATE_MIN_PPM / MILLION,
VRATE_CLAMP_ADJ_PCT = 4,
/* switch iff the conditions are met for longer than this */
AUTOP_CYCLE_NSEC = 10LLU * NSEC_PER_SEC,
};
enum {
/* if IOs end up waiting for requests, issue less */
RQ_WAIT_BUSY_PCT = 5,
/* unbusy hysterisis */
UNBUSY_THR_PCT = 75,
/*
* The effect of delay is indirect and non-linear and a huge amount of
* future debt can accumulate abruptly while unthrottled. Linearly scale
* up delay as debt is going up and then let it decay exponentially.
* This gives us quick ramp ups while delay is accumulating and long
* tails which can help reducing the frequency of debt explosions on
* unthrottle. The parameters are experimentally determined.
*
* The delay mechanism provides adequate protection and behavior in many
* cases. However, this is far from ideal and falls shorts on both
* fronts. The debtors are often throttled too harshly costing a
* significant level of fairness and possibly total work while the
* protection against their impacts on the system can be choppy and
* unreliable.
*
* The shortcoming primarily stems from the fact that, unlike for page
* cache, the kernel doesn't have well-defined back-pressure propagation
* mechanism and policies for anonymous memory. Fully addressing this
* issue will likely require substantial improvements in the area.
*/
MIN_DELAY_THR_PCT = 500,
MAX_DELAY_THR_PCT = 25000,
MIN_DELAY = 250,
MAX_DELAY = 250 * USEC_PER_MSEC,
/* halve debts if avg usage over 100ms is under 50% */
DFGV_USAGE_PCT = 50,
DFGV_PERIOD = 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC,
/* don't let cmds which take a very long time pin lagging for too long */
MAX_LAGGING_PERIODS = 10,
/*
* Count IO size in 4k pages. The 12bit shift helps keeping
* size-proportional components of cost calculation in closer
* numbers of digits to per-IO cost components.
*/
IOC_PAGE_SHIFT = 12,
IOC_PAGE_SIZE = 1 << IOC_PAGE_SHIFT,
IOC_SECT_TO_PAGE_SHIFT = IOC_PAGE_SHIFT - SECTOR_SHIFT,
/* if apart further than 16M, consider randio for linear model */
LCOEF_RANDIO_PAGES = 4096,
};
enum ioc_running {
IOC_IDLE,
IOC_RUNNING,
IOC_STOP,
};
/* io.cost.qos controls including per-dev enable of the whole controller */
enum {
QOS_ENABLE,
QOS_CTRL,
NR_QOS_CTRL_PARAMS,
};
/* io.cost.qos params */
enum {
QOS_RPPM,
QOS_RLAT,
QOS_WPPM,
QOS_WLAT,
QOS_MIN,
QOS_MAX,
NR_QOS_PARAMS,
};
/* io.cost.model controls */
enum {
COST_CTRL,
COST_MODEL,
NR_COST_CTRL_PARAMS,
};
/* builtin linear cost model coefficients */
enum {
I_LCOEF_RBPS,
I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS,
I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS,
I_LCOEF_WBPS,
I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS,
I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS,
NR_I_LCOEFS,
};
enum {
LCOEF_RPAGE,
LCOEF_RSEQIO,
LCOEF_RRANDIO,
LCOEF_WPAGE,
LCOEF_WSEQIO,
LCOEF_WRANDIO,
NR_LCOEFS,
};
enum {
AUTOP_INVALID,
AUTOP_HDD,
AUTOP_SSD_QD1,
AUTOP_SSD_DFL,
AUTOP_SSD_FAST,
};
struct ioc_params {
u32 qos[NR_QOS_PARAMS];
u64 i_lcoefs[NR_I_LCOEFS];
u64 lcoefs[NR_LCOEFS];
u32 too_fast_vrate_pct;
u32 too_slow_vrate_pct;
};
struct ioc_margins {
s64 min;
s64 low;
s64 target;
};
struct ioc_missed {
local_t nr_met;
local_t nr_missed;
u32 last_met;
u32 last_missed;
};
struct ioc_pcpu_stat {
struct ioc_missed missed[2];
local64_t rq_wait_ns;
u64 last_rq_wait_ns;
};
/* per device */
struct ioc {
struct rq_qos rqos;
bool enabled;
struct ioc_params params;
struct ioc_margins margins;
u32 period_us;
u32 timer_slack_ns;
u64 vrate_min;
u64 vrate_max;
spinlock_t lock;
struct timer_list timer;
struct list_head active_iocgs; /* active cgroups */
struct ioc_pcpu_stat __percpu *pcpu_stat;
enum ioc_running running;
atomic64_t vtime_rate;
u64 vtime_base_rate;
s64 vtime_err;
seqcount_spinlock_t period_seqcount;
u64 period_at; /* wallclock starttime */
u64 period_at_vtime; /* vtime starttime */
atomic64_t cur_period; /* inc'd each period */
int busy_level; /* saturation history */
bool weights_updated;
atomic_t hweight_gen; /* for lazy hweights */
/* debt forgivness */
u64 dfgv_period_at;
u64 dfgv_period_rem;
u64 dfgv_usage_us_sum;
u64 autop_too_fast_at;
u64 autop_too_slow_at;
int autop_idx;
bool user_qos_params:1;
bool user_cost_model:1;
};
struct iocg_pcpu_stat {
local64_t abs_vusage;
};
struct iocg_stat {
u64 usage_us;
u64 wait_us;
u64 indebt_us;
u64 indelay_us;
};
/* per device-cgroup pair */
struct ioc_gq {
struct blkg_policy_data pd;
struct ioc *ioc;
/*
* A iocg can get its weight from two sources - an explicit
* per-device-cgroup configuration or the default weight of the
* cgroup. `cfg_weight` is the explicit per-device-cgroup
* configuration. `weight` is the effective considering both
* sources.
*
* When an idle cgroup becomes active its `active` goes from 0 to
* `weight`. `inuse` is the surplus adjusted active weight.
* `active` and `inuse` are used to calculate `hweight_active` and
* `hweight_inuse`.
*
* `last_inuse` remembers `inuse` while an iocg is idle to persist
* surplus adjustments.
*
* `inuse` may be adjusted dynamically during period. `saved_*` are used
* to determine and track adjustments.
*/
u32 cfg_weight;
u32 weight;
u32 active;
u32 inuse;
u32 last_inuse;
s64 saved_margin;
sector_t cursor; /* to detect randio */
/*
* `vtime` is this iocg's vtime cursor which progresses as IOs are
* issued. If lagging behind device vtime, the delta represents
* the currently available IO budget. If running ahead, the
* overage.
*
* `vtime_done` is the same but progressed on completion rather
* than issue. The delta behind `vtime` represents the cost of
* currently in-flight IOs.
*/
atomic64_t vtime;
atomic64_t done_vtime;
u64 abs_vdebt;
/* current delay in effect and when it started */
u64 delay;
u64 delay_at;
/*
* The period this iocg was last active in. Used for deactivation
* and invalidating `vtime`.
*/
atomic64_t active_period;
struct list_head active_list;
/* see __propagate_weights() and current_hweight() for details */
u64 child_active_sum;
u64 child_inuse_sum;
u64 child_adjusted_sum;
int hweight_gen;
u32 hweight_active;
u32 hweight_inuse;
u32 hweight_donating;
u32 hweight_after_donation;
struct list_head walk_list;
struct list_head surplus_list;
struct wait_queue_head waitq;
struct hrtimer waitq_timer;
/* timestamp at the latest activation */
u64 activated_at;
/* statistics */
struct iocg_pcpu_stat __percpu *pcpu_stat;
struct iocg_stat stat;
struct iocg_stat last_stat;
u64 last_stat_abs_vusage;
u64 usage_delta_us;
u64 wait_since;
u64 indebt_since;
u64 indelay_since;
/* this iocg's depth in the hierarchy and ancestors including self */
int level;
struct ioc_gq *ancestors[];
};
/* per cgroup */
struct ioc_cgrp {
struct blkcg_policy_data cpd;
unsigned int dfl_weight;
};
struct ioc_now {
u64 now_ns;
u64 now;
u64 vnow;
};
struct iocg_wait {
struct wait_queue_entry wait;
struct bio *bio;
u64 abs_cost;
bool committed;
};
struct iocg_wake_ctx {
struct ioc_gq *iocg;
u32 hw_inuse;
s64 vbudget;
};
static const struct ioc_params autop[] = {
[AUTOP_HDD] = {
.qos = {
[QOS_RLAT] = 250000, /* 250ms */
[QOS_WLAT] = 250000,
[QOS_MIN] = VRATE_MIN_PPM,
[QOS_MAX] = VRATE_MAX_PPM,
},
.i_lcoefs = {
[I_LCOEF_RBPS] = 174019176,
[I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS] = 41708,
[I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS] = 370,
[I_LCOEF_WBPS] = 178075866,
[I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS] = 42705,
[I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS] = 378,
},
},
[AUTOP_SSD_QD1] = {
.qos = {
[QOS_RLAT] = 25000, /* 25ms */
[QOS_WLAT] = 25000,
[QOS_MIN] = VRATE_MIN_PPM,
[QOS_MAX] = VRATE_MAX_PPM,
},
.i_lcoefs = {
[I_LCOEF_RBPS] = 245855193,
[I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS] = 61575,
[I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS] = 6946,
[I_LCOEF_WBPS] = 141365009,
[I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS] = 33716,
[I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS] = 26796,
},
},
[AUTOP_SSD_DFL] = {
.qos = {
[QOS_RLAT] = 25000, /* 25ms */
[QOS_WLAT] = 25000,
[QOS_MIN] = VRATE_MIN_PPM,
[QOS_MAX] = VRATE_MAX_PPM,
},
.i_lcoefs = {
[I_LCOEF_RBPS] = 488636629,
[I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS] = 8932,
[I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS] = 8518,
[I_LCOEF_WBPS] = 427891549,
[I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS] = 28755,
[I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS] = 21940,
},
.too_fast_vrate_pct = 500,
},
[AUTOP_SSD_FAST] = {
.qos = {
[QOS_RLAT] = 5000, /* 5ms */
[QOS_WLAT] = 5000,
[QOS_MIN] = VRATE_MIN_PPM,
[QOS_MAX] = VRATE_MAX_PPM,
},
.i_lcoefs = {
[I_LCOEF_RBPS] = 3102524156LLU,
[I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS] = 724816,
[I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS] = 778122,
[I_LCOEF_WBPS] = 1742780862LLU,
[I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS] = 425702,
[I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS] = 443193,
},
.too_slow_vrate_pct = 10,
},
};
/*
* vrate adjust percentages indexed by ioc->busy_level. We adjust up on
* vtime credit shortage and down on device saturation.
*/
static const u32 vrate_adj_pct[] =
{ 0, 0, 0, 0,
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 16 };
static struct blkcg_policy blkcg_policy_iocost;
/* accessors and helpers */
static struct ioc *rqos_to_ioc(struct rq_qos *rqos)
{
return container_of(rqos, struct ioc, rqos);
}
static struct ioc *q_to_ioc(struct request_queue *q)
{
return rqos_to_ioc(rq_qos_id(q, RQ_QOS_COST));
}
static const char __maybe_unused *ioc_name(struct ioc *ioc)
{
struct gendisk *disk = ioc->rqos.disk;
if (!disk)
return "<unknown>";
return disk->disk_name;
}
static struct ioc_gq *pd_to_iocg(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
{
return pd ? container_of(pd, struct ioc_gq, pd) : NULL;
}
static struct ioc_gq *blkg_to_iocg(struct blkcg_gq *blkg)
{
return pd_to_iocg(blkg_to_pd(blkg, &blkcg_policy_iocost));
}
static struct blkcg_gq *iocg_to_blkg(struct ioc_gq *iocg)
{
return pd_to_blkg(&iocg->pd);
}
static struct ioc_cgrp *blkcg_to_iocc(struct blkcg *blkcg)
{
return container_of(blkcg_to_cpd(blkcg, &blkcg_policy_iocost),
struct ioc_cgrp, cpd);
}
/*
* Scale @abs_cost to the inverse of @hw_inuse. The lower the hierarchical
* weight, the more expensive each IO. Must round up.
*/
static u64 abs_cost_to_cost(u64 abs_cost, u32 hw_inuse)
{
return DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(abs_cost * WEIGHT_ONE, hw_inuse);
}
/*
* The inverse of abs_cost_to_cost(). Must round up.
*/
static u64 cost_to_abs_cost(u64 cost, u32 hw_inuse)
{
return DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(cost * hw_inuse, WEIGHT_ONE);
}
static void iocg_commit_bio(struct ioc_gq *iocg, struct bio *bio,
u64 abs_cost, u64 cost)
{
struct iocg_pcpu_stat *gcs;
bio->bi_iocost_cost = cost;
atomic64_add(cost, &iocg->vtime);
gcs = get_cpu_ptr(iocg->pcpu_stat);
local64_add(abs_cost, &gcs->abs_vusage);
put_cpu_ptr(gcs);
}
static void iocg_lock(struct ioc_gq *iocg, bool lock_ioc, unsigned long *flags)
{
if (lock_ioc) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&iocg->ioc->lock, *flags);
spin_lock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
} else {
spin_lock_irqsave(&iocg->waitq.lock, *flags);
}
}
static void iocg_unlock(struct ioc_gq *iocg, bool unlock_ioc, unsigned long *flags)
{
if (unlock_ioc) {
spin_unlock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iocg->ioc->lock, *flags);
} else {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iocg->waitq.lock, *flags);
}
}
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/iocost.h>
static void ioc_refresh_margins(struct ioc *ioc)
{
struct ioc_margins *margins = &ioc->margins;
u32 period_us = ioc->period_us;
u64 vrate = ioc->vtime_base_rate;
margins->min = (period_us * MARGIN_MIN_PCT / 100) * vrate;
margins->low = (period_us * MARGIN_LOW_PCT / 100) * vrate;
margins->target = (period_us * MARGIN_TARGET_PCT / 100) * vrate;
}
/* latency Qos params changed, update period_us and all the dependent params */
static void ioc_refresh_period_us(struct ioc *ioc)
{
u32 ppm, lat, multi, period_us;
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
/* pick the higher latency target */
if (ioc->params.qos[QOS_RLAT] >= ioc->params.qos[QOS_WLAT]) {
ppm = ioc->params.qos[QOS_RPPM];
lat = ioc->params.qos[QOS_RLAT];
} else {
ppm = ioc->params.qos[QOS_WPPM];
lat = ioc->params.qos[QOS_WLAT];
}
/*
* We want the period to be long enough to contain a healthy number
* of IOs while short enough for granular control. Define it as a
* multiple of the latency target. Ideally, the multiplier should
* be scaled according to the percentile so that it would nominally
* contain a certain number of requests. Let's be simpler and
* scale it linearly so that it's 2x >= pct(90) and 10x at pct(50).
*/
if (ppm)
multi = max_t(u32, (MILLION - ppm) / 50000, 2);
else
multi = 2;
period_us = multi * lat;
period_us = clamp_t(u32, period_us, MIN_PERIOD, MAX_PERIOD);
/* calculate dependent params */
ioc->period_us = period_us;
ioc->timer_slack_ns = div64_u64(
(u64)period_us * NSEC_PER_USEC * TIMER_SLACK_PCT,
100);
ioc_refresh_margins(ioc);
}
/*
* ioc->rqos.disk isn't initialized when this function is called from
* the init path.
*/
static int ioc_autop_idx(struct ioc *ioc, struct gendisk *disk)
{
int idx = ioc->autop_idx;
const struct ioc_params *p = &autop[idx];
u32 vrate_pct;
u64 now_ns;
/* rotational? */
if (!blk_queue_nonrot(disk->queue))
return AUTOP_HDD;
/* handle SATA SSDs w/ broken NCQ */
if (blk_queue_depth(disk->queue) == 1)
return AUTOP_SSD_QD1;
/* use one of the normal ssd sets */
if (idx < AUTOP_SSD_DFL)
return AUTOP_SSD_DFL;
/* if user is overriding anything, maintain what was there */
if (ioc->user_qos_params || ioc->user_cost_model)
return idx;
/* step up/down based on the vrate */
vrate_pct = div64_u64(ioc->vtime_base_rate * 100, VTIME_PER_USEC);
now_ns = blk_time_get_ns();
if (p->too_fast_vrate_pct && p->too_fast_vrate_pct <= vrate_pct) {
if (!ioc->autop_too_fast_at)
ioc->autop_too_fast_at = now_ns;
if (now_ns - ioc->autop_too_fast_at >= AUTOP_CYCLE_NSEC)
return idx + 1;
} else {
ioc->autop_too_fast_at = 0;
}
if (p->too_slow_vrate_pct && p->too_slow_vrate_pct >= vrate_pct) {
if (!ioc->autop_too_slow_at)
ioc->autop_too_slow_at = now_ns;
if (now_ns - ioc->autop_too_slow_at >= AUTOP_CYCLE_NSEC)
return idx - 1;
} else {
ioc->autop_too_slow_at = 0;
}
return idx;
}
/*
* Take the followings as input
*
* @bps maximum sequential throughput
* @seqiops maximum sequential 4k iops
* @randiops maximum random 4k iops
*
* and calculate the linear model cost coefficients.
*
* *@page per-page cost 1s / (@bps / 4096)
* *@seqio base cost of a seq IO max((1s / @seqiops) - *@page, 0)
* @randiops base cost of a rand IO max((1s / @randiops) - *@page, 0)
*/
static void calc_lcoefs(u64 bps, u64 seqiops, u64 randiops,
u64 *page, u64 *seqio, u64 *randio)
{
u64 v;
*page = *seqio = *randio = 0;
if (bps) {
u64 bps_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL(bps, IOC_PAGE_SIZE);
if (bps_pages)
*page = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(VTIME_PER_SEC, bps_pages);
else
*page = 1;
}
if (seqiops) {
v = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(VTIME_PER_SEC, seqiops);
if (v > *page)
*seqio = v - *page;
}
if (randiops) {
v = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(VTIME_PER_SEC, randiops);
if (v > *page)
*randio = v - *page;
}
}
static void ioc_refresh_lcoefs(struct ioc *ioc)
{
u64 *u = ioc->params.i_lcoefs;
u64 *c = ioc->params.lcoefs;
calc_lcoefs(u[I_LCOEF_RBPS], u[I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS], u[I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS],
&c[LCOEF_RPAGE], &c[LCOEF_RSEQIO], &c[LCOEF_RRANDIO]);
calc_lcoefs(u[I_LCOEF_WBPS], u[I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS], u[I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS],
&c[LCOEF_WPAGE], &c[LCOEF_WSEQIO], &c[LCOEF_WRANDIO]);
}
/*
* struct gendisk is required as an argument because ioc->rqos.disk
* is not properly initialized when called from the init path.
*/
static bool ioc_refresh_params_disk(struct ioc *ioc, bool force,
struct gendisk *disk)
{
const struct ioc_params *p;
int idx;
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
idx = ioc_autop_idx(ioc, disk);
p = &autop[idx];
if (idx == ioc->autop_idx && !force)
return false;
if (idx != ioc->autop_idx) {
atomic64_set(&ioc->vtime_rate, VTIME_PER_USEC);
ioc->vtime_base_rate = VTIME_PER_USEC;
}
ioc->autop_idx = idx;
ioc->autop_too_fast_at = 0;
ioc->autop_too_slow_at = 0;
if (!ioc->user_qos_params)
memcpy(ioc->params.qos, p->qos, sizeof(p->qos));
if (!ioc->user_cost_model)
memcpy(ioc->params.i_lcoefs, p->i_lcoefs, sizeof(p->i_lcoefs));
ioc_refresh_period_us(ioc);
ioc_refresh_lcoefs(ioc);
ioc->vrate_min = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP((u64)ioc->params.qos[QOS_MIN] *
VTIME_PER_USEC, MILLION);
ioc->vrate_max = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP((u64)ioc->params.qos[QOS_MAX] *
VTIME_PER_USEC, MILLION);
return true;
}
static bool ioc_refresh_params(struct ioc *ioc, bool force)
{
return ioc_refresh_params_disk(ioc, force, ioc->rqos.disk);
}
/*
* When an iocg accumulates too much vtime or gets deactivated, we throw away
* some vtime, which lowers the overall device utilization. As the exact amount
* which is being thrown away is known, we can compensate by accelerating the
* vrate accordingly so that the extra vtime generated in the current period
* matches what got lost.
*/
static void ioc_refresh_vrate(struct ioc *ioc, struct ioc_now *now)
{
s64 pleft = ioc->period_at + ioc->period_us - now->now;
s64 vperiod = ioc->period_us * ioc->vtime_base_rate;
s64 vcomp, vcomp_min, vcomp_max;
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
/* we need some time left in this period */
if (pleft <= 0)
goto done;
/*
* Calculate how much vrate should be adjusted to offset the error.
* Limit the amount of adjustment and deduct the adjusted amount from
* the error.
*/
vcomp = -div64_s64(ioc->vtime_err, pleft);
vcomp_min = -(ioc->vtime_base_rate >> 1);
vcomp_max = ioc->vtime_base_rate;
vcomp = clamp(vcomp, vcomp_min, vcomp_max);
ioc->vtime_err += vcomp * pleft;
atomic64_set(&ioc->vtime_rate, ioc->vtime_base_rate + vcomp);
done:
/* bound how much error can accumulate */
ioc->vtime_err = clamp(ioc->vtime_err, -vperiod, vperiod);
}
static void ioc_adjust_base_vrate(struct ioc *ioc, u32 rq_wait_pct,
int nr_lagging, int nr_shortages,
int prev_busy_level, u32 *missed_ppm)
{
u64 vrate = ioc->vtime_base_rate;
u64 vrate_min = ioc->vrate_min, vrate_max = ioc->vrate_max;
if (!ioc->busy_level || (ioc->busy_level < 0 && nr_lagging)) {
if (ioc->busy_level != prev_busy_level || nr_lagging)
trace_iocost_ioc_vrate_adj(ioc, vrate,
missed_ppm, rq_wait_pct,
nr_lagging, nr_shortages);
return;
}
/*
* If vrate is out of bounds, apply clamp gradually as the
* bounds can change abruptly. Otherwise, apply busy_level
* based adjustment.
*/
if (vrate < vrate_min) {
vrate = div64_u64(vrate * (100 + VRATE_CLAMP_ADJ_PCT), 100);
vrate = min(vrate, vrate_min);
} else if (vrate > vrate_max) {
vrate = div64_u64(vrate * (100 - VRATE_CLAMP_ADJ_PCT), 100);
vrate = max(vrate, vrate_max);
} else {
int idx = min_t(int, abs(ioc->busy_level),
ARRAY_SIZE(vrate_adj_pct) - 1);
u32 adj_pct = vrate_adj_pct[idx];
if (ioc->busy_level > 0)
adj_pct = 100 - adj_pct;
else
adj_pct = 100 + adj_pct;
vrate = clamp(DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(vrate * adj_pct, 100),
vrate_min, vrate_max);
}
trace_iocost_ioc_vrate_adj(ioc, vrate, missed_ppm, rq_wait_pct,
nr_lagging, nr_shortages);
ioc->vtime_base_rate = vrate;
ioc_refresh_margins(ioc);
}
/* take a snapshot of the current [v]time and vrate */
static void ioc_now(struct ioc *ioc, struct ioc_now *now)
{
unsigned seq;
u64 vrate;
now->now_ns = blk_time_get_ns();
now->now = ktime_to_us(now->now_ns);
vrate = atomic64_read(&ioc->vtime_rate);
/*
* The current vtime is
*
* vtime at period start + (wallclock time since the start) * vrate
*
* As a consistent snapshot of `period_at_vtime` and `period_at` is
* needed, they're seqcount protected.
*/
do {
seq = read_seqcount_begin(&ioc->period_seqcount);
now->vnow = ioc->period_at_vtime +
(now->now - ioc->period_at) * vrate;
} while (read_seqcount_retry(&ioc->period_seqcount, seq));
}
static void ioc_start_period(struct ioc *ioc, struct ioc_now *now)
{
WARN_ON_ONCE(ioc->running != IOC_RUNNING);
write_seqcount_begin(&ioc->period_seqcount);
ioc->period_at = now->now;
ioc->period_at_vtime = now->vnow;
write_seqcount_end(&ioc->period_seqcount);
ioc->timer.expires = jiffies + usecs_to_jiffies(ioc->period_us);
add_timer(&ioc->timer);
}
/*
* Update @iocg's `active` and `inuse` to @active and @inuse, update level
* weight sums and propagate upwards accordingly. If @save, the current margin
* is saved to be used as reference for later inuse in-period adjustments.
*/
static void __propagate_weights(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u32 active, u32 inuse,
bool save, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
int lvl;
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
/*
* For an active leaf node, its inuse shouldn't be zero or exceed
* @active. An active internal node's inuse is solely determined by the
* inuse to active ratio of its children regardless of @inuse.
*/
if (list_empty(&iocg->active_list) && iocg->child_active_sum) {
inuse = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(active * iocg->child_inuse_sum,
iocg->child_active_sum);
} else {
inuse = clamp_t(u32, inuse, 1, active);
}
iocg->last_inuse = iocg->inuse;
if (save)
iocg->saved_margin = now->vnow - atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
if (active == iocg->active && inuse == iocg->inuse)
return;
for (lvl = iocg->level - 1; lvl >= 0; lvl--) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[lvl];
struct ioc_gq *child = iocg->ancestors[lvl + 1];
u32 parent_active = 0, parent_inuse = 0;
/* update the level sums */
parent->child_active_sum += (s32)(active - child->active);
parent->child_inuse_sum += (s32)(inuse - child->inuse);
/* apply the updates */
child->active = active;
child->inuse = inuse;
/*
* The delta between inuse and active sums indicates that
* much of weight is being given away. Parent's inuse
* and active should reflect the ratio.
*/
if (parent->child_active_sum) {
parent_active = parent->weight;
parent_inuse = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
parent_active * parent->child_inuse_sum,
parent->child_active_sum);
}
/* do we need to keep walking up? */
if (parent_active == parent->active &&
parent_inuse == parent->inuse)
break;
active = parent_active;
inuse = parent_inuse;
}
ioc->weights_updated = true;
}
static void commit_weights(struct ioc *ioc)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
if (ioc->weights_updated) {
/* paired with rmb in current_hweight(), see there */
smp_wmb();
atomic_inc(&ioc->hweight_gen);
ioc->weights_updated = false;
}
}
static void propagate_weights(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u32 active, u32 inuse,
bool save, struct ioc_now *now)
{
__propagate_weights(iocg, active, inuse, save, now);
commit_weights(iocg->ioc);
}
static void current_hweight(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u32 *hw_activep, u32 *hw_inusep)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
int lvl;
u32 hwa, hwi;
int ioc_gen;
/* hot path - if uptodate, use cached */
ioc_gen = atomic_read(&ioc->hweight_gen);
if (ioc_gen == iocg->hweight_gen)
goto out;
/*
* Paired with wmb in commit_weights(). If we saw the updated
* hweight_gen, all the weight updates from __propagate_weights() are
* visible too.
*
* We can race with weight updates during calculation and get it
* wrong. However, hweight_gen would have changed and a future
* reader will recalculate and we're guaranteed to discard the
* wrong result soon.
*/
smp_rmb();
hwa = hwi = WEIGHT_ONE;
for (lvl = 0; lvl <= iocg->level - 1; lvl++) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[lvl];
struct ioc_gq *child = iocg->ancestors[lvl + 1];
u64 active_sum = READ_ONCE(parent->child_active_sum);
u64 inuse_sum = READ_ONCE(parent->child_inuse_sum);
u32 active = READ_ONCE(child->active);
u32 inuse = READ_ONCE(child->inuse);
/* we can race with deactivations and either may read as zero */
if (!active_sum || !inuse_sum)
continue;
active_sum = max_t(u64, active, active_sum);
hwa = div64_u64((u64)hwa * active, active_sum);
inuse_sum = max_t(u64, inuse, inuse_sum);
hwi = div64_u64((u64)hwi * inuse, inuse_sum);
}
iocg->hweight_active = max_t(u32, hwa, 1);
iocg->hweight_inuse = max_t(u32, hwi, 1);
iocg->hweight_gen = ioc_gen;
out:
if (hw_activep)
*hw_activep = iocg->hweight_active;
if (hw_inusep)
*hw_inusep = iocg->hweight_inuse;
}
/*
* Calculate the hweight_inuse @iocg would get with max @inuse assuming all the
* other weights stay unchanged.
*/
static u32 current_hweight_max(struct ioc_gq *iocg)
{
u32 hwm = WEIGHT_ONE;
u32 inuse = iocg->active;
u64 child_inuse_sum;
int lvl;
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->ioc->lock);
for (lvl = iocg->level - 1; lvl >= 0; lvl--) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[lvl];
struct ioc_gq *child = iocg->ancestors[lvl + 1];
child_inuse_sum = parent->child_inuse_sum + inuse - child->inuse;
hwm = div64_u64((u64)hwm * inuse, child_inuse_sum);
inuse = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(parent->active * child_inuse_sum,
parent->child_active_sum);
}
return max_t(u32, hwm, 1);
}
static void weight_updated(struct ioc_gq *iocg, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
struct blkcg_gq *blkg = iocg_to_blkg(iocg);
struct ioc_cgrp *iocc = blkcg_to_iocc(blkg->blkcg);
u32 weight;
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
weight = iocg->cfg_weight ?: iocc->dfl_weight;
if (weight != iocg->weight && iocg->active)
propagate_weights(iocg, weight, iocg->inuse, true, now);
iocg->weight = weight;
}
static bool iocg_activate(struct ioc_gq *iocg, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
u64 __maybe_unused last_period, cur_period;
u64 vtime, vtarget;
int i;
/*
* If seem to be already active, just update the stamp to tell the
* timer that we're still active. We don't mind occassional races.
*/
if (!list_empty(&iocg->active_list)) {
ioc_now(ioc, now);
cur_period = atomic64_read(&ioc->cur_period);
if (atomic64_read(&iocg->active_period) != cur_period)
atomic64_set(&iocg->active_period, cur_period);
return true;
}
/* racy check on internal node IOs, treat as root level IOs */
if (iocg->child_active_sum)
return false;
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
ioc_now(ioc, now);
/* update period */
cur_period = atomic64_read(&ioc->cur_period);
last_period = atomic64_read(&iocg->active_period);
atomic64_set(&iocg->active_period, cur_period);
/* already activated or breaking leaf-only constraint? */
if (!list_empty(&iocg->active_list))
goto succeed_unlock;
for (i = iocg->level - 1; i > 0; i--)
if (!list_empty(&iocg->ancestors[i]->active_list))
goto fail_unlock;
if (iocg->child_active_sum)
goto fail_unlock;
/*
* Always start with the target budget. On deactivation, we throw away
* anything above it.
*/
vtarget = now->vnow - ioc->margins.target;
vtime = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
atomic64_add(vtarget - vtime, &iocg->vtime);
atomic64_add(vtarget - vtime, &iocg->done_vtime);
vtime = vtarget;
/*
* Activate, propagate weight and start period timer if not
* running. Reset hweight_gen to avoid accidental match from
* wrapping.
*/
iocg->hweight_gen = atomic_read(&ioc->hweight_gen) - 1;
list_add(&iocg->active_list, &ioc->active_iocgs);
propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->weight,
iocg->last_inuse ?: iocg->weight, true, now);
TRACE_IOCG_PATH(iocg_activate, iocg, now,
last_period, cur_period, vtime);
iocg->activated_at = now->now;
if (ioc->running == IOC_IDLE) {
ioc->running = IOC_RUNNING;
ioc->dfgv_period_at = now->now;
ioc->dfgv_period_rem = 0;
ioc_start_period(ioc, now);
}
succeed_unlock:
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
return true;
fail_unlock:
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
return false;
}
static bool iocg_kick_delay(struct ioc_gq *iocg, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
struct blkcg_gq *blkg = iocg_to_blkg(iocg);
u64 tdelta, delay, new_delay, shift;
s64 vover, vover_pct;
u32 hwa;
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->waitq.lock);
/*
* If the delay is set by another CPU, we may be in the past. No need to
* change anything if so. This avoids decay calculation underflow.
*/
if (time_before64(now->now, iocg->delay_at))
return false;
/* calculate the current delay in effect - 1/2 every second */
tdelta = now->now - iocg->delay_at;
shift = div64_u64(tdelta, USEC_PER_SEC);
if (iocg->delay && shift < BITS_PER_LONG)
delay = iocg->delay >> shift;
else
delay = 0;
/* calculate the new delay from the debt amount */
current_hweight(iocg, &hwa, NULL);
vover = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime) +
abs_cost_to_cost(iocg->abs_vdebt, hwa) - now->vnow;
vover_pct = div64_s64(100 * vover,
ioc->period_us * ioc->vtime_base_rate);
if (vover_pct <= MIN_DELAY_THR_PCT)
new_delay = 0;
else if (vover_pct >= MAX_DELAY_THR_PCT)
new_delay = MAX_DELAY;
else
new_delay = MIN_DELAY +
div_u64((MAX_DELAY - MIN_DELAY) *
(vover_pct - MIN_DELAY_THR_PCT),
MAX_DELAY_THR_PCT - MIN_DELAY_THR_PCT);
/* pick the higher one and apply */
if (new_delay > delay) {
iocg->delay = new_delay;
iocg->delay_at = now->now;
delay = new_delay;
}
if (delay >= MIN_DELAY) {
if (!iocg->indelay_since)
iocg->indelay_since = now->now;
blkcg_set_delay(blkg, delay * NSEC_PER_USEC);
return true;
} else {
if (iocg->indelay_since) {
iocg->stat.indelay_us += now->now - iocg->indelay_since;
iocg->indelay_since = 0;
}
iocg->delay = 0;
blkcg_clear_delay(blkg);
return false;
}
}
static void iocg_incur_debt(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u64 abs_cost,
struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct iocg_pcpu_stat *gcs;
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->ioc->lock);
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->waitq.lock);
WARN_ON_ONCE(list_empty(&iocg->active_list));
/*
* Once in debt, debt handling owns inuse. @iocg stays at the minimum
* inuse donating all of it share to others until its debt is paid off.
*/
if (!iocg->abs_vdebt && abs_cost) {
iocg->indebt_since = now->now;
propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->active, 0, false, now);
}
iocg->abs_vdebt += abs_cost;
gcs = get_cpu_ptr(iocg->pcpu_stat);
local64_add(abs_cost, &gcs->abs_vusage);
put_cpu_ptr(gcs);
}
static void iocg_pay_debt(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u64 abs_vpay,
struct ioc_now *now)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->ioc->lock);
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->waitq.lock);
/*
* make sure that nobody messed with @iocg. Check iocg->pd.online
* to avoid warn when removing blkcg or disk.
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(list_empty(&iocg->active_list) && iocg->pd.online);
WARN_ON_ONCE(iocg->inuse > 1);
iocg->abs_vdebt -= min(abs_vpay, iocg->abs_vdebt);
/* if debt is paid in full, restore inuse */
if (!iocg->abs_vdebt) {
iocg->stat.indebt_us += now->now - iocg->indebt_since;
iocg->indebt_since = 0;
propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->active, iocg->last_inuse,
false, now);
}
}
static int iocg_wake_fn(struct wait_queue_entry *wq_entry, unsigned mode,
int flags, void *key)
{
struct iocg_wait *wait = container_of(wq_entry, struct iocg_wait, wait);
struct iocg_wake_ctx *ctx = key;
u64 cost = abs_cost_to_cost(wait->abs_cost, ctx->hw_inuse);
ctx->vbudget -= cost;
if (ctx->vbudget < 0)
return -1;
iocg_commit_bio(ctx->iocg, wait->bio, wait->abs_cost, cost);
wait->committed = true;
/*
* autoremove_wake_function() removes the wait entry only when it
* actually changed the task state. We want the wait always removed.
* Remove explicitly and use default_wake_function(). Note that the
* order of operations is important as finish_wait() tests whether
* @wq_entry is removed without grabbing the lock.
*/
default_wake_function(wq_entry, mode, flags, key);
list_del_init_careful(&wq_entry->entry);
return 0;
}
/*
* Calculate the accumulated budget, pay debt if @pay_debt and wake up waiters
* accordingly. When @pay_debt is %true, the caller must be holding ioc->lock in
* addition to iocg->waitq.lock.
*/
static void iocg_kick_waitq(struct ioc_gq *iocg, bool pay_debt,
struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
struct iocg_wake_ctx ctx = { .iocg = iocg };
u64 vshortage, expires, oexpires;
s64 vbudget;
u32 hwa;
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->waitq.lock);
current_hweight(iocg, &hwa, NULL);
vbudget = now->vnow - atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
/* pay off debt */
if (pay_debt && iocg->abs_vdebt && vbudget > 0) {
u64 abs_vbudget = cost_to_abs_cost(vbudget, hwa);
u64 abs_vpay = min_t(u64, abs_vbudget, iocg->abs_vdebt);
u64 vpay = abs_cost_to_cost(abs_vpay, hwa);
lockdep_assert_held(&ioc->lock);
atomic64_add(vpay, &iocg->vtime);
atomic64_add(vpay, &iocg->done_vtime);
iocg_pay_debt(iocg, abs_vpay, now);
vbudget -= vpay;
}
if (iocg->abs_vdebt || iocg->delay)
iocg_kick_delay(iocg, now);
/*
* Debt can still be outstanding if we haven't paid all yet or the
* caller raced and called without @pay_debt. Shouldn't wake up waiters
* under debt. Make sure @vbudget reflects the outstanding amount and is
* not positive.
*/
if (iocg->abs_vdebt) {
s64 vdebt = abs_cost_to_cost(iocg->abs_vdebt, hwa);
vbudget = min_t(s64, 0, vbudget - vdebt);
}
/*
* Wake up the ones which are due and see how much vtime we'll need for
* the next one. As paying off debt restores hw_inuse, it must be read
* after the above debt payment.
*/
ctx.vbudget = vbudget;
current_hweight(iocg, NULL, &ctx.hw_inuse);
__wake_up_locked_key(&iocg->waitq, TASK_NORMAL, &ctx);
if (!waitqueue_active(&iocg->waitq)) {
if (iocg->wait_since) {
iocg->stat.wait_us += now->now - iocg->wait_since;
iocg->wait_since = 0;
}
return;
}
if (!iocg->wait_since)
iocg->wait_since = now->now;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ctx.vbudget >= 0))
return;
/* determine next wakeup, add a timer margin to guarantee chunking */
vshortage = -ctx.vbudget;
expires = now->now_ns +
DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(vshortage, ioc->vtime_base_rate) *
NSEC_PER_USEC;
expires += ioc->timer_slack_ns;
/* if already active and close enough, don't bother */
oexpires = ktime_to_ns(hrtimer_get_softexpires(&iocg->waitq_timer));
if (hrtimer_is_queued(&iocg->waitq_timer) &&
abs(oexpires - expires) <= ioc->timer_slack_ns)
return;
hrtimer_start_range_ns(&iocg->waitq_timer, ns_to_ktime(expires),
ioc->timer_slack_ns, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
}
static enum hrtimer_restart iocg_waitq_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg = container_of(timer, struct ioc_gq, waitq_timer);
bool pay_debt = READ_ONCE(iocg->abs_vdebt);
struct ioc_now now;
unsigned long flags;
ioc_now(iocg->ioc, &now);
iocg_lock(iocg, pay_debt, &flags);
iocg_kick_waitq(iocg, pay_debt, &now);
iocg_unlock(iocg, pay_debt, &flags);
return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}
static void ioc_lat_stat(struct ioc *ioc, u32 *missed_ppm_ar, u32 *rq_wait_pct_p)
{
u32 nr_met[2] = { };
u32 nr_missed[2] = { };
u64 rq_wait_ns = 0;
int cpu, rw;
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
struct ioc_pcpu_stat *stat = per_cpu_ptr(ioc->pcpu_stat, cpu);
u64 this_rq_wait_ns;
for (rw = READ; rw <= WRITE; rw++) {
u32 this_met = local_read(&stat->missed[rw].nr_met);
u32 this_missed = local_read(&stat->missed[rw].nr_missed);
nr_met[rw] += this_met - stat->missed[rw].last_met;
nr_missed[rw] += this_missed - stat->missed[rw].last_missed;
stat->missed[rw].last_met = this_met;
stat->missed[rw].last_missed = this_missed;
}
this_rq_wait_ns = local64_read(&stat->rq_wait_ns);
rq_wait_ns += this_rq_wait_ns - stat->last_rq_wait_ns;
stat->last_rq_wait_ns = this_rq_wait_ns;
}
for (rw = READ; rw <= WRITE; rw++) {
if (nr_met[rw] + nr_missed[rw])
missed_ppm_ar[rw] =
DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP((u64)nr_missed[rw] * MILLION,
nr_met[rw] + nr_missed[rw]);
else
missed_ppm_ar[rw] = 0;
}
*rq_wait_pct_p = div64_u64(rq_wait_ns * 100,
ioc->period_us * NSEC_PER_USEC);
}
/* was iocg idle this period? */
static bool iocg_is_idle(struct ioc_gq *iocg)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
/* did something get issued this period? */
if (atomic64_read(&iocg->active_period) ==
atomic64_read(&ioc->cur_period))
return false;
/* is something in flight? */
if (atomic64_read(&iocg->done_vtime) != atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime))
return false;
return true;
}
/*
* Call this function on the target leaf @iocg's to build pre-order traversal
* list of all the ancestors in @inner_walk. The inner nodes are linked through
* ->walk_list and the caller is responsible for dissolving the list after use.
*/
static void iocg_build_inner_walk(struct ioc_gq *iocg,
struct list_head *inner_walk)
{
int lvl;
WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&iocg->walk_list));
/* find the first ancestor which hasn't been visited yet */
for (lvl = iocg->level - 1; lvl >= 0; lvl--) {
if (!list_empty(&iocg->ancestors[lvl]->walk_list))
break;
}
/* walk down and visit the inner nodes to get pre-order traversal */
while (++lvl <= iocg->level - 1) {
struct ioc_gq *inner = iocg->ancestors[lvl];
/* record traversal order */
list_add_tail(&inner->walk_list, inner_walk);
}
}
/* propagate the deltas to the parent */
static void iocg_flush_stat_upward(struct ioc_gq *iocg)
{
if (iocg->level > 0) {
struct iocg_stat *parent_stat =
&iocg->ancestors[iocg->level - 1]->stat;
parent_stat->usage_us +=
iocg->stat.usage_us - iocg->last_stat.usage_us;
parent_stat->wait_us +=
iocg->stat.wait_us - iocg->last_stat.wait_us;
parent_stat->indebt_us +=
iocg->stat.indebt_us - iocg->last_stat.indebt_us;
parent_stat->indelay_us +=
iocg->stat.indelay_us - iocg->last_stat.indelay_us;
}
iocg->last_stat = iocg->stat;
}
/* collect per-cpu counters and propagate the deltas to the parent */
static void iocg_flush_stat_leaf(struct ioc_gq *iocg, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
u64 abs_vusage = 0;
u64 vusage_delta;
int cpu;
lockdep_assert_held(&iocg->ioc->lock);
/* collect per-cpu counters */
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
abs_vusage += local64_read(
per_cpu_ptr(&iocg->pcpu_stat->abs_vusage, cpu));
}
vusage_delta = abs_vusage - iocg->last_stat_abs_vusage;
iocg->last_stat_abs_vusage = abs_vusage;
iocg->usage_delta_us = div64_u64(vusage_delta, ioc->vtime_base_rate);
iocg->stat.usage_us += iocg->usage_delta_us;
iocg_flush_stat_upward(iocg);
}
/* get stat counters ready for reading on all active iocgs */
static void iocg_flush_stat(struct list_head *target_iocgs, struct ioc_now *now)
{
LIST_HEAD(inner_walk);
struct ioc_gq *iocg, *tiocg;
/* flush leaves and build inner node walk list */
list_for_each_entry(iocg, target_iocgs, active_list) {
iocg_flush_stat_leaf(iocg, now);
iocg_build_inner_walk(iocg, &inner_walk);
}
/* keep flushing upwards by walking the inner list backwards */
list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(iocg, tiocg, &inner_walk, walk_list) {
iocg_flush_stat_upward(iocg);
list_del_init(&iocg->walk_list);
}
}
/*
* Determine what @iocg's hweight_inuse should be after donating unused
* capacity. @hwm is the upper bound and used to signal no donation. This
* function also throws away @iocg's excess budget.
*/
static u32 hweight_after_donation(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u32 old_hwi, u32 hwm,
u32 usage, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
u64 vtime = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
s64 excess, delta, target, new_hwi;
/* debt handling owns inuse for debtors */
if (iocg->abs_vdebt)
return 1;
/* see whether minimum margin requirement is met */
if (waitqueue_active(&iocg->waitq) ||
time_after64(vtime, now->vnow - ioc->margins.min))
return hwm;
/* throw away excess above target */
excess = now->vnow - vtime - ioc->margins.target;
if (excess > 0) {
atomic64_add(excess, &iocg->vtime);
atomic64_add(excess, &iocg->done_vtime);
vtime += excess;
ioc->vtime_err -= div64_u64(excess * old_hwi, WEIGHT_ONE);
}
/*
* Let's say the distance between iocg's and device's vtimes as a
* fraction of period duration is delta. Assuming that the iocg will
* consume the usage determined above, we want to determine new_hwi so
* that delta equals MARGIN_TARGET at the end of the next period.
*
* We need to execute usage worth of IOs while spending the sum of the
* new budget (1 - MARGIN_TARGET) and the leftover from the last period
* (delta):
*
* usage = (1 - MARGIN_TARGET + delta) * new_hwi
*
* Therefore, the new_hwi is:
*
* new_hwi = usage / (1 - MARGIN_TARGET + delta)
*/
delta = div64_s64(WEIGHT_ONE * (now->vnow - vtime),
now->vnow - ioc->period_at_vtime);
target = WEIGHT_ONE * MARGIN_TARGET_PCT / 100;
new_hwi = div64_s64(WEIGHT_ONE * usage, WEIGHT_ONE - target + delta);
return clamp_t(s64, new_hwi, 1, hwm);
}
/*
* For work-conservation, an iocg which isn't using all of its share should
* donate the leftover to other iocgs. There are two ways to achieve this - 1.
* bumping up vrate accordingly 2. lowering the donating iocg's inuse weight.
*
* #1 is mathematically simpler but has the drawback of requiring synchronous
* global hweight_inuse updates when idle iocg's get activated or inuse weights
* change due to donation snapbacks as it has the possibility of grossly
* overshooting what's allowed by the model and vrate.
*
* #2 is inherently safe with local operations. The donating iocg can easily
* snap back to higher weights when needed without worrying about impacts on
* other nodes as the impacts will be inherently correct. This also makes idle
* iocg activations safe. The only effect activations have is decreasing
* hweight_inuse of others, the right solution to which is for those iocgs to
* snap back to higher weights.
*
* So, we go with #2. The challenge is calculating how each donating iocg's
* inuse should be adjusted to achieve the target donation amounts. This is done
* using Andy's method described in the following pdf.
*
* https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PsJwxPFtjUnwOY1QJ5AeICCcsL7BM3bo
*
* Given the weights and target after-donation hweight_inuse values, Andy's
* method determines how the proportional distribution should look like at each
* sibling level to maintain the relative relationship between all non-donating
* pairs. To roughly summarize, it divides the tree into donating and
* non-donating parts, calculates global donation rate which is used to
* determine the target hweight_inuse for each node, and then derives per-level
* proportions.
*
* The following pdf shows that global distribution calculated this way can be
* achieved by scaling inuse weights of donating leaves and propagating the
* adjustments upwards proportionally.
*
* https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vONz1-fzVO7oY5DXXsLjSxEtYYQbOvsE
*
* Combining the above two, we can determine how each leaf iocg's inuse should
* be adjusted to achieve the target donation.
*
* https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WcrltBOSPN0qXVdBgnKm4mdp9FhuEFQN
*
* The inline comments use symbols from the last pdf.
*
* b is the sum of the absolute budgets in the subtree. 1 for the root node.
* f is the sum of the absolute budgets of non-donating nodes in the subtree.
* t is the sum of the absolute budgets of donating nodes in the subtree.
* w is the weight of the node. w = w_f + w_t
* w_f is the non-donating portion of w. w_f = w * f / b
* w_b is the donating portion of w. w_t = w * t / b
* s is the sum of all sibling weights. s = Sum(w) for siblings
* s_f and s_t are the non-donating and donating portions of s.
*
* Subscript p denotes the parent's counterpart and ' the adjusted value - e.g.
* w_pt is the donating portion of the parent's weight and w'_pt the same value
* after adjustments. Subscript r denotes the root node's values.
*/
static void transfer_surpluses(struct list_head *surpluses, struct ioc_now *now)
{
LIST_HEAD(over_hwa);
LIST_HEAD(inner_walk);
struct ioc_gq *iocg, *tiocg, *root_iocg;
u32 after_sum, over_sum, over_target, gamma;
/*
* It's pretty unlikely but possible for the total sum of
* hweight_after_donation's to be higher than WEIGHT_ONE, which will
* confuse the following calculations. If such condition is detected,
* scale down everyone over its full share equally to keep the sum below
* WEIGHT_ONE.
*/
after_sum = 0;
over_sum = 0;
list_for_each_entry(iocg, surpluses, surplus_list) {
u32 hwa;
current_hweight(iocg, &hwa, NULL);
after_sum += iocg->hweight_after_donation;
if (iocg->hweight_after_donation > hwa) {
over_sum += iocg->hweight_after_donation;
list_add(&iocg->walk_list, &over_hwa);
}
}
if (after_sum >= WEIGHT_ONE) {
/*
* The delta should be deducted from the over_sum, calculate
* target over_sum value.
*/
u32 over_delta = after_sum - (WEIGHT_ONE - 1);
WARN_ON_ONCE(over_sum <= over_delta);
over_target = over_sum - over_delta;
} else {
over_target = 0;
}
list_for_each_entry_safe(iocg, tiocg, &over_hwa, walk_list) {
if (over_target)
iocg->hweight_after_donation =
div_u64((u64)iocg->hweight_after_donation *
over_target, over_sum);
list_del_init(&iocg->walk_list);
}
/*
* Build pre-order inner node walk list and prepare for donation
* adjustment calculations.
*/
list_for_each_entry(iocg, surpluses, surplus_list) {
iocg_build_inner_walk(iocg, &inner_walk);
}
root_iocg = list_first_entry(&inner_walk, struct ioc_gq, walk_list);
WARN_ON_ONCE(root_iocg->level > 0);
list_for_each_entry(iocg, &inner_walk, walk_list) {
iocg->child_adjusted_sum = 0;
iocg->hweight_donating = 0;
iocg->hweight_after_donation = 0;
}
/*
* Propagate the donating budget (b_t) and after donation budget (b'_t)
* up the hierarchy.
*/
list_for_each_entry(iocg, surpluses, surplus_list) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[iocg->level - 1];
parent->hweight_donating += iocg->hweight_donating;
parent->hweight_after_donation += iocg->hweight_after_donation;
}
list_for_each_entry_reverse(iocg, &inner_walk, walk_list) {
if (iocg->level > 0) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[iocg->level - 1];
parent->hweight_donating += iocg->hweight_donating;
parent->hweight_after_donation += iocg->hweight_after_donation;
}
}
/*
* Calculate inner hwa's (b) and make sure the donation values are
* within the accepted ranges as we're doing low res calculations with
* roundups.
*/
list_for_each_entry(iocg, &inner_walk, walk_list) {
if (iocg->level) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[iocg->level - 1];
iocg->hweight_active = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
(u64)parent->hweight_active * iocg->active,
parent->child_active_sum);
}
iocg->hweight_donating = min(iocg->hweight_donating,
iocg->hweight_active);
iocg->hweight_after_donation = min(iocg->hweight_after_donation,
iocg->hweight_donating - 1);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(iocg->hweight_active <= 1 ||
iocg->hweight_donating <= 1 ||
iocg->hweight_after_donation == 0)) {
pr_warn("iocg: invalid donation weights in ");
pr_cont_cgroup_path(iocg_to_blkg(iocg)->blkcg->css.cgroup);
pr_cont(": active=%u donating=%u after=%u\n",
iocg->hweight_active, iocg->hweight_donating,
iocg->hweight_after_donation);
}
}
/*
* Calculate the global donation rate (gamma) - the rate to adjust
* non-donating budgets by.
*
* No need to use 64bit multiplication here as the first operand is
* guaranteed to be smaller than WEIGHT_ONE (1<<16).
*
* We know that there are beneficiary nodes and the sum of the donating
* hweights can't be whole; however, due to the round-ups during hweight
* calculations, root_iocg->hweight_donating might still end up equal to
* or greater than whole. Limit the range when calculating the divider.
*
* gamma = (1 - t_r') / (1 - t_r)
*/
gamma = DIV_ROUND_UP(
(WEIGHT_ONE - root_iocg->hweight_after_donation) * WEIGHT_ONE,
WEIGHT_ONE - min_t(u32, root_iocg->hweight_donating, WEIGHT_ONE - 1));
/*
* Calculate adjusted hwi, child_adjusted_sum and inuse for the inner
* nodes.
*/
list_for_each_entry(iocg, &inner_walk, walk_list) {
struct ioc_gq *parent;
u32 inuse, wpt, wptp;
u64 st, sf;
if (iocg->level == 0) {
/* adjusted weight sum for 1st level: s' = s * b_pf / b'_pf */
iocg->child_adjusted_sum = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
iocg->child_active_sum * (WEIGHT_ONE - iocg->hweight_donating),
WEIGHT_ONE - iocg->hweight_after_donation);
continue;
}
parent = iocg->ancestors[iocg->level - 1];
/* b' = gamma * b_f + b_t' */
iocg->hweight_inuse = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
(u64)gamma * (iocg->hweight_active - iocg->hweight_donating),
WEIGHT_ONE) + iocg->hweight_after_donation;
/* w' = s' * b' / b'_p */
inuse = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
(u64)parent->child_adjusted_sum * iocg->hweight_inuse,
parent->hweight_inuse);
/* adjusted weight sum for children: s' = s_f + s_t * w'_pt / w_pt */
st = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
iocg->child_active_sum * iocg->hweight_donating,
iocg->hweight_active);
sf = iocg->child_active_sum - st;
wpt = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
(u64)iocg->active * iocg->hweight_donating,
iocg->hweight_active);
wptp = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
(u64)inuse * iocg->hweight_after_donation,
iocg->hweight_inuse);
iocg->child_adjusted_sum = sf + DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(st * wptp, wpt);
}
/*
* All inner nodes now have ->hweight_inuse and ->child_adjusted_sum and
* we can finally determine leaf adjustments.
*/
list_for_each_entry(iocg, surpluses, surplus_list) {
struct ioc_gq *parent = iocg->ancestors[iocg->level - 1];
u32 inuse;
/*
* In-debt iocgs participated in the donation calculation with
* the minimum target hweight_inuse. Configuring inuse
* accordingly would work fine but debt handling expects
* @iocg->inuse stay at the minimum and we don't wanna
* interfere.
*/
if (iocg->abs_vdebt) {
WARN_ON_ONCE(iocg->inuse > 1);
continue;
}
/* w' = s' * b' / b'_p, note that b' == b'_t for donating leaves */
inuse = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
parent->child_adjusted_sum * iocg->hweight_after_donation,
parent->hweight_inuse);
TRACE_IOCG_PATH(inuse_transfer, iocg, now,
iocg->inuse, inuse,
iocg->hweight_inuse,
iocg->hweight_after_donation);
__propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->active, inuse, true, now);
}
/* walk list should be dissolved after use */
list_for_each_entry_safe(iocg, tiocg, &inner_walk, walk_list)
list_del_init(&iocg->walk_list);
}
/*
* A low weight iocg can amass a large amount of debt, for example, when
* anonymous memory gets reclaimed aggressively. If the system has a lot of
* memory paired with a slow IO device, the debt can span multiple seconds or
* more. If there are no other subsequent IO issuers, the in-debt iocg may end
* up blocked paying its debt while the IO device is idle.
*
* The following protects against such cases. If the device has been
* sufficiently idle for a while, the debts are halved and delays are
* recalculated.
*/
static void ioc_forgive_debts(struct ioc *ioc, u64 usage_us_sum, int nr_debtors,
struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg;
u64 dur, usage_pct, nr_cycles, nr_cycles_shift;
/* if no debtor, reset the cycle */
if (!nr_debtors) {
ioc->dfgv_period_at = now->now;
ioc->dfgv_period_rem = 0;
ioc->dfgv_usage_us_sum = 0;
return;
}
/*
* Debtors can pass through a lot of writes choking the device and we
* don't want to be forgiving debts while the device is struggling from
* write bursts. If we're missing latency targets, consider the device
* fully utilized.
*/
if (ioc->busy_level > 0)
usage_us_sum = max_t(u64, usage_us_sum, ioc->period_us);
ioc->dfgv_usage_us_sum += usage_us_sum;
if (time_before64(now->now, ioc->dfgv_period_at + DFGV_PERIOD))
return;
/*
* At least DFGV_PERIOD has passed since the last period. Calculate the
* average usage and reset the period counters.
*/
dur = now->now - ioc->dfgv_period_at;
usage_pct = div64_u64(100 * ioc->dfgv_usage_us_sum, dur);
ioc->dfgv_period_at = now->now;
ioc->dfgv_usage_us_sum = 0;
/* if was too busy, reset everything */
if (usage_pct > DFGV_USAGE_PCT) {
ioc->dfgv_period_rem = 0;
return;
}
/*
* Usage is lower than threshold. Let's forgive some debts. Debt
* forgiveness runs off of the usual ioc timer but its period usually
* doesn't match ioc's. Compensate the difference by performing the
* reduction as many times as would fit in the duration since the last
* run and carrying over the left-over duration in @ioc->dfgv_period_rem
* - if ioc period is 75% of DFGV_PERIOD, one out of three consecutive
* reductions is doubled.
*/
nr_cycles = dur + ioc->dfgv_period_rem;
ioc->dfgv_period_rem = do_div(nr_cycles, DFGV_PERIOD);
list_for_each_entry(iocg, &ioc->active_iocgs, active_list) {
u64 __maybe_unused old_debt, __maybe_unused old_delay;
if (!iocg->abs_vdebt && !iocg->delay)
continue;
spin_lock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
old_debt = iocg->abs_vdebt;
old_delay = iocg->delay;
nr_cycles_shift = min_t(u64, nr_cycles, BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
if (iocg->abs_vdebt)
iocg->abs_vdebt = iocg->abs_vdebt >> nr_cycles_shift ?: 1;
if (iocg->delay)
iocg->delay = iocg->delay >> nr_cycles_shift ?: 1;
iocg_kick_waitq(iocg, true, now);
TRACE_IOCG_PATH(iocg_forgive_debt, iocg, now, usage_pct,
old_debt, iocg->abs_vdebt,
old_delay, iocg->delay);
spin_unlock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
}
}
/*
* Check the active iocgs' state to avoid oversleeping and deactive
* idle iocgs.
*
* Since waiters determine the sleep durations based on the vrate
* they saw at the time of sleep, if vrate has increased, some
* waiters could be sleeping for too long. Wake up tardy waiters
* which should have woken up in the last period and expire idle
* iocgs.
*/
static int ioc_check_iocgs(struct ioc *ioc, struct ioc_now *now)
{
int nr_debtors = 0;
struct ioc_gq *iocg, *tiocg;
list_for_each_entry_safe(iocg, tiocg, &ioc->active_iocgs, active_list) {
if (!waitqueue_active(&iocg->waitq) && !iocg->abs_vdebt &&
!iocg->delay && !iocg_is_idle(iocg))
continue;
spin_lock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
/* flush wait and indebt stat deltas */
if (iocg->wait_since) {
iocg->stat.wait_us += now->now - iocg->wait_since;
iocg->wait_since = now->now;
}
if (iocg->indebt_since) {
iocg->stat.indebt_us +=
now->now - iocg->indebt_since;
iocg->indebt_since = now->now;
}
if (iocg->indelay_since) {
iocg->stat.indelay_us +=
now->now - iocg->indelay_since;
iocg->indelay_since = now->now;
}
if (waitqueue_active(&iocg->waitq) || iocg->abs_vdebt ||
iocg->delay) {
/* might be oversleeping vtime / hweight changes, kick */
iocg_kick_waitq(iocg, true, now);
if (iocg->abs_vdebt || iocg->delay)
nr_debtors++;
} else if (iocg_is_idle(iocg)) {
/* no waiter and idle, deactivate */
u64 vtime = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
s64 excess;
/*
* @iocg has been inactive for a full duration and will
* have a high budget. Account anything above target as
* error and throw away. On reactivation, it'll start
* with the target budget.
*/
excess = now->vnow - vtime - ioc->margins.target;
if (excess > 0) {
u32 old_hwi;
current_hweight(iocg, NULL, &old_hwi);
ioc->vtime_err -= div64_u64(excess * old_hwi,
WEIGHT_ONE);
}
TRACE_IOCG_PATH(iocg_idle, iocg, now,
atomic64_read(&iocg->active_period),
atomic64_read(&ioc->cur_period), vtime);
__propagate_weights(iocg, 0, 0, false, now);
list_del_init(&iocg->active_list);
}
spin_unlock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
}
commit_weights(ioc);
return nr_debtors;
}
static void ioc_timer_fn(struct timer_list *timer)
{
struct ioc *ioc = container_of(timer, struct ioc, timer);
struct ioc_gq *iocg, *tiocg;
struct ioc_now now;
LIST_HEAD(surpluses);
int nr_debtors, nr_shortages = 0, nr_lagging = 0;
u64 usage_us_sum = 0;
u32 ppm_rthr;
u32 ppm_wthr;
u32 missed_ppm[2], rq_wait_pct;
u64 period_vtime;
int prev_busy_level;
/* how were the latencies during the period? */
ioc_lat_stat(ioc, missed_ppm, &rq_wait_pct);
/* take care of active iocgs */
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
ppm_rthr = MILLION - ioc->params.qos[QOS_RPPM];
ppm_wthr = MILLION - ioc->params.qos[QOS_WPPM];
ioc_now(ioc, &now);
period_vtime = now.vnow - ioc->period_at_vtime;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!period_vtime)) {
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
return;
}
nr_debtors = ioc_check_iocgs(ioc, &now);
/*
* Wait and indebt stat are flushed above and the donation calculation
* below needs updated usage stat. Let's bring stat up-to-date.
*/
iocg_flush_stat(&ioc->active_iocgs, &now);
/* calc usage and see whether some weights need to be moved around */
list_for_each_entry(iocg, &ioc->active_iocgs, active_list) {
u64 vdone, vtime, usage_us;
u32 hw_active, hw_inuse;
/*
* Collect unused and wind vtime closer to vnow to prevent
* iocgs from accumulating a large amount of budget.
*/
vdone = atomic64_read(&iocg->done_vtime);
vtime = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
current_hweight(iocg, &hw_active, &hw_inuse);
/*
* Latency QoS detection doesn't account for IOs which are
* in-flight for longer than a period. Detect them by
* comparing vdone against period start. If lagging behind
* IOs from past periods, don't increase vrate.
*/
if ((ppm_rthr != MILLION || ppm_wthr != MILLION) &&
!atomic_read(&iocg_to_blkg(iocg)->use_delay) &&
time_after64(vtime, vdone) &&
time_after64(vtime, now.vnow -
MAX_LAGGING_PERIODS * period_vtime) &&
time_before64(vdone, now.vnow - period_vtime))
nr_lagging++;
/*
* Determine absolute usage factoring in in-flight IOs to avoid
* high-latency completions appearing as idle.
*/
usage_us = iocg->usage_delta_us;
usage_us_sum += usage_us;
/* see whether there's surplus vtime */
WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&iocg->surplus_list));
if (hw_inuse < hw_active ||
(!waitqueue_active(&iocg->waitq) &&
time_before64(vtime, now.vnow - ioc->margins.low))) {
u32 hwa, old_hwi, hwm, new_hwi, usage;
u64 usage_dur;
if (vdone != vtime) {
u64 inflight_us = DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(
cost_to_abs_cost(vtime - vdone, hw_inuse),
ioc->vtime_base_rate);
usage_us = max(usage_us, inflight_us);
}
/* convert to hweight based usage ratio */
if (time_after64(iocg->activated_at, ioc->period_at))
usage_dur = max_t(u64, now.now - iocg->activated_at, 1);
else
usage_dur = max_t(u64, now.now - ioc->period_at, 1);
usage = clamp_t(u32,
DIV64_U64_ROUND_UP(usage_us * WEIGHT_ONE,
usage_dur),
1, WEIGHT_ONE);
/*
* Already donating or accumulated enough to start.
* Determine the donation amount.
*/
current_hweight(iocg, &hwa, &old_hwi);
hwm = current_hweight_max(iocg);
new_hwi = hweight_after_donation(iocg, old_hwi, hwm,
usage, &now);
/*
* Donation calculation assumes hweight_after_donation
* to be positive, a condition that a donor w/ hwa < 2
* can't meet. Don't bother with donation if hwa is
* below 2. It's not gonna make a meaningful difference
* anyway.
*/
if (new_hwi < hwm && hwa >= 2) {
iocg->hweight_donating = hwa;
iocg->hweight_after_donation = new_hwi;
list_add(&iocg->surplus_list, &surpluses);
} else if (!iocg->abs_vdebt) {
/*
* @iocg doesn't have enough to donate. Reset
* its inuse to active.
*
* Don't reset debtors as their inuse's are
* owned by debt handling. This shouldn't affect
* donation calculuation in any meaningful way
* as @iocg doesn't have a meaningful amount of
* share anyway.
*/
TRACE_IOCG_PATH(inuse_shortage, iocg, &now,
iocg->inuse, iocg->active,
iocg->hweight_inuse, new_hwi);
__propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->active,
iocg->active, true, &now);
nr_shortages++;
}
} else {
/* genuinely short on vtime */
nr_shortages++;
}
}
if (!list_empty(&surpluses) && nr_shortages)
transfer_surpluses(&surpluses, &now);
commit_weights(ioc);
/* surplus list should be dissolved after use */
list_for_each_entry_safe(iocg, tiocg, &surpluses, surplus_list)
list_del_init(&iocg->surplus_list);
/*
* If q is getting clogged or we're missing too much, we're issuing
* too much IO and should lower vtime rate. If we're not missing
* and experiencing shortages but not surpluses, we're too stingy
* and should increase vtime rate.
*/
prev_busy_level = ioc->busy_level;
if (rq_wait_pct > RQ_WAIT_BUSY_PCT ||
missed_ppm[READ] > ppm_rthr ||
missed_ppm[WRITE] > ppm_wthr) {
/* clearly missing QoS targets, slow down vrate */
ioc->busy_level = max(ioc->busy_level, 0);
ioc->busy_level++;
} else if (rq_wait_pct <= RQ_WAIT_BUSY_PCT * UNBUSY_THR_PCT / 100 &&
missed_ppm[READ] <= ppm_rthr * UNBUSY_THR_PCT / 100 &&
missed_ppm[WRITE] <= ppm_wthr * UNBUSY_THR_PCT / 100) {
/* QoS targets are being met with >25% margin */
if (nr_shortages) {
/*
* We're throttling while the device has spare
* capacity. If vrate was being slowed down, stop.
*/
ioc->busy_level = min(ioc->busy_level, 0);
/*
* If there are IOs spanning multiple periods, wait
* them out before pushing the device harder.
*/
if (!nr_lagging)
ioc->busy_level--;
} else {
/*
* Nobody is being throttled and the users aren't
* issuing enough IOs to saturate the device. We
* simply don't know how close the device is to
* saturation. Coast.
*/
ioc->busy_level = 0;
}
} else {
/* inside the hysterisis margin, we're good */
ioc->busy_level = 0;
}
ioc->busy_level = clamp(ioc->busy_level, -1000, 1000);
ioc_adjust_base_vrate(ioc, rq_wait_pct, nr_lagging, nr_shortages,
prev_busy_level, missed_ppm);
ioc_refresh_params(ioc, false);
ioc_forgive_debts(ioc, usage_us_sum, nr_debtors, &now);
/*
* This period is done. Move onto the next one. If nothing's
* going on with the device, stop the timer.
*/
atomic64_inc(&ioc->cur_period);
if (ioc->running != IOC_STOP) {
if (!list_empty(&ioc->active_iocgs)) {
ioc_start_period(ioc, &now);
} else {
ioc->busy_level = 0;
ioc->vtime_err = 0;
ioc->running = IOC_IDLE;
}
ioc_refresh_vrate(ioc, &now);
}
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
}
static u64 adjust_inuse_and_calc_cost(struct ioc_gq *iocg, u64 vtime,
u64 abs_cost, struct ioc_now *now)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
struct ioc_margins *margins = &ioc->margins;
u32 __maybe_unused old_inuse = iocg->inuse, __maybe_unused old_hwi;
u32 hwi, adj_step;
s64 margin;
u64 cost, new_inuse;
unsigned long flags;
current_hweight(iocg, NULL, &hwi);
old_hwi = hwi;
cost = abs_cost_to_cost(abs_cost, hwi);
margin = now->vnow - vtime - cost;
/* debt handling owns inuse for debtors */
if (iocg->abs_vdebt)
return cost;
/*
* We only increase inuse during period and do so if the margin has
* deteriorated since the previous adjustment.
*/
if (margin >= iocg->saved_margin || margin >= margins->low ||
iocg->inuse == iocg->active)
return cost;
spin_lock_irqsave(&ioc->lock, flags);
/* we own inuse only when @iocg is in the normal active state */
if (iocg->abs_vdebt || list_empty(&iocg->active_list)) {
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ioc->lock, flags);
return cost;
}
/*
* Bump up inuse till @abs_cost fits in the existing budget.
* adj_step must be determined after acquiring ioc->lock - we might
* have raced and lost to another thread for activation and could
* be reading 0 iocg->active before ioc->lock which will lead to
* infinite loop.
*/
new_inuse = iocg->inuse;
adj_step = DIV_ROUND_UP(iocg->active * INUSE_ADJ_STEP_PCT, 100);
do {
new_inuse = new_inuse + adj_step;
propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->active, new_inuse, true, now);
current_hweight(iocg, NULL, &hwi);
cost = abs_cost_to_cost(abs_cost, hwi);
} while (time_after64(vtime + cost, now->vnow) &&
iocg->inuse != iocg->active);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ioc->lock, flags);
TRACE_IOCG_PATH(inuse_adjust, iocg, now,
old_inuse, iocg->inuse, old_hwi, hwi);
return cost;
}
static void calc_vtime_cost_builtin(struct bio *bio, struct ioc_gq *iocg,
bool is_merge, u64 *costp)
{
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
u64 coef_seqio, coef_randio, coef_page;
u64 pages = max_t(u64, bio_sectors(bio) >> IOC_SECT_TO_PAGE_SHIFT, 1);
u64 seek_pages = 0;
u64 cost = 0;
/* Can't calculate cost for empty bio */
if (!bio->bi_iter.bi_size)
goto out;
switch (bio_op(bio)) {
case REQ_OP_READ:
coef_seqio = ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_RSEQIO];
coef_randio = ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_RRANDIO];
coef_page = ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_RPAGE];
break;
case REQ_OP_WRITE:
coef_seqio = ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_WSEQIO];
coef_randio = ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_WRANDIO];
coef_page = ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_WPAGE];
break;
default:
goto out;
}
if (iocg->cursor) {
seek_pages = abs(bio->bi_iter.bi_sector - iocg->cursor);
seek_pages >>= IOC_SECT_TO_PAGE_SHIFT;
}
if (!is_merge) {
if (seek_pages > LCOEF_RANDIO_PAGES) {
cost += coef_randio;
} else {
cost += coef_seqio;
}
}
cost += pages * coef_page;
out:
*costp = cost;
}
static u64 calc_vtime_cost(struct bio *bio, struct ioc_gq *iocg, bool is_merge)
{
u64 cost;
calc_vtime_cost_builtin(bio, iocg, is_merge, &cost);
return cost;
}
static void calc_size_vtime_cost_builtin(struct request *rq, struct ioc *ioc,
u64 *costp)
{
unsigned int pages = blk_rq_stats_sectors(rq) >> IOC_SECT_TO_PAGE_SHIFT;
switch (req_op(rq)) {
case REQ_OP_READ:
*costp = pages * ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_RPAGE];
break;
case REQ_OP_WRITE:
*costp = pages * ioc->params.lcoefs[LCOEF_WPAGE];
break;
default:
*costp = 0;
}
}
static u64 calc_size_vtime_cost(struct request *rq, struct ioc *ioc)
{
u64 cost;
calc_size_vtime_cost_builtin(rq, ioc, &cost);
return cost;
}
static void ioc_rqos_throttle(struct rq_qos *rqos, struct bio *bio)
{
struct blkcg_gq *blkg = bio->bi_blkg;
struct ioc *ioc = rqos_to_ioc(rqos);
struct ioc_gq *iocg = blkg_to_iocg(blkg);
struct ioc_now now;
struct iocg_wait wait;
u64 abs_cost, cost, vtime;
bool use_debt, ioc_locked;
unsigned long flags;
/* bypass IOs if disabled, still initializing, or for root cgroup */
if (!ioc->enabled || !iocg || !iocg->level)
return;
/* calculate the absolute vtime cost */
abs_cost = calc_vtime_cost(bio, iocg, false);
if (!abs_cost)
return;
if (!iocg_activate(iocg, &now))
return;
iocg->cursor = bio_end_sector(bio);
vtime = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
cost = adjust_inuse_and_calc_cost(iocg, vtime, abs_cost, &now);
/*
* If no one's waiting and within budget, issue right away. The
* tests are racy but the races aren't systemic - we only miss once
* in a while which is fine.
*/
if (!waitqueue_active(&iocg->waitq) && !iocg->abs_vdebt &&
time_before_eq64(vtime + cost, now.vnow)) {
iocg_commit_bio(iocg, bio, abs_cost, cost);
return;
}
/*
* We're over budget. This can be handled in two ways. IOs which may
* cause priority inversions are punted to @ioc->aux_iocg and charged as
* debt. Otherwise, the issuer is blocked on @iocg->waitq. Debt handling
* requires @ioc->lock, waitq handling @iocg->waitq.lock. Determine
* whether debt handling is needed and acquire locks accordingly.
*/
use_debt = bio_issue_as_root_blkg(bio) || fatal_signal_pending(current);
ioc_locked = use_debt || READ_ONCE(iocg->abs_vdebt);
retry_lock:
iocg_lock(iocg, ioc_locked, &flags);
/*
* @iocg must stay activated for debt and waitq handling. Deactivation
* is synchronized against both ioc->lock and waitq.lock and we won't
* get deactivated as long as we're waiting or has debt, so we're good
* if we're activated here. In the unlikely cases that we aren't, just
* issue the IO.
*/
if (unlikely(list_empty(&iocg->active_list))) {
iocg_unlock(iocg, ioc_locked, &flags);
iocg_commit_bio(iocg, bio, abs_cost, cost);
return;
}
/*
* We're over budget. If @bio has to be issued regardless, remember
* the abs_cost instead of advancing vtime. iocg_kick_waitq() will pay
* off the debt before waking more IOs.
*
* This way, the debt is continuously paid off each period with the
* actual budget available to the cgroup. If we just wound vtime, we
* would incorrectly use the current hw_inuse for the entire amount
* which, for example, can lead to the cgroup staying blocked for a
* long time even with substantially raised hw_inuse.
*
* An iocg with vdebt should stay online so that the timer can keep
* deducting its vdebt and [de]activate use_delay mechanism
* accordingly. We don't want to race against the timer trying to
* clear them and leave @iocg inactive w/ dangling use_delay heavily
* penalizing the cgroup and its descendants.
*/
if (use_debt) {
iocg_incur_debt(iocg, abs_cost, &now);
if (iocg_kick_delay(iocg, &now))
blkcg_schedule_throttle(rqos->disk,
(bio->bi_opf & REQ_SWAP) == REQ_SWAP);
iocg_unlock(iocg, ioc_locked, &flags);
return;
}
/* guarantee that iocgs w/ waiters have maximum inuse */
if (!iocg->abs_vdebt && iocg->inuse != iocg->active) {
if (!ioc_locked) {
iocg_unlock(iocg, false, &flags);
ioc_locked = true;
goto retry_lock;
}
propagate_weights(iocg, iocg->active, iocg->active, true,
&now);
}
/*
* Append self to the waitq and schedule the wakeup timer if we're
* the first waiter. The timer duration is calculated based on the
* current vrate. vtime and hweight changes can make it too short
* or too long. Each wait entry records the absolute cost it's
* waiting for to allow re-evaluation using a custom wait entry.
*
* If too short, the timer simply reschedules itself. If too long,
* the period timer will notice and trigger wakeups.
*
* All waiters are on iocg->waitq and the wait states are
* synchronized using waitq.lock.
*/
init_waitqueue_func_entry(&wait.wait, iocg_wake_fn);
wait.wait.private = current;
wait.bio = bio;
wait.abs_cost = abs_cost;
wait.committed = false; /* will be set true by waker */
__add_wait_queue_entry_tail(&iocg->waitq, &wait.wait);
iocg_kick_waitq(iocg, ioc_locked, &now);
iocg_unlock(iocg, ioc_locked, &flags);
while (true) {
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
if (wait.committed)
break;
io_schedule();
}
/* waker already committed us, proceed */
finish_wait(&iocg->waitq, &wait.wait);
}
static void ioc_rqos_merge(struct rq_qos *rqos, struct request *rq,
struct bio *bio)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg = blkg_to_iocg(bio->bi_blkg);
struct ioc *ioc = rqos_to_ioc(rqos);
sector_t bio_end = bio_end_sector(bio);
struct ioc_now now;
u64 vtime, abs_cost, cost;
unsigned long flags;
/* bypass if disabled, still initializing, or for root cgroup */
if (!ioc->enabled || !iocg || !iocg->level)
return;
abs_cost = calc_vtime_cost(bio, iocg, true);
if (!abs_cost)
return;
ioc_now(ioc, &now);
vtime = atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime);
cost = adjust_inuse_and_calc_cost(iocg, vtime, abs_cost, &now);
/* update cursor if backmerging into the request at the cursor */
if (blk_rq_pos(rq) < bio_end &&
blk_rq_pos(rq) + blk_rq_sectors(rq) == iocg->cursor)
iocg->cursor = bio_end;
/*
* Charge if there's enough vtime budget and the existing request has
* cost assigned.
*/
if (rq->bio && rq->bio->bi_iocost_cost &&
time_before_eq64(atomic64_read(&iocg->vtime) + cost, now.vnow)) {
iocg_commit_bio(iocg, bio, abs_cost, cost);
return;
}
/*
* Otherwise, account it as debt if @iocg is online, which it should
* be for the vast majority of cases. See debt handling in
* ioc_rqos_throttle() for details.
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&ioc->lock, flags);
spin_lock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
if (likely(!list_empty(&iocg->active_list))) {
iocg_incur_debt(iocg, abs_cost, &now);
if (iocg_kick_delay(iocg, &now))
blkcg_schedule_throttle(rqos->disk,
(bio->bi_opf & REQ_SWAP) == REQ_SWAP);
} else {
iocg_commit_bio(iocg, bio, abs_cost, cost);
}
spin_unlock(&iocg->waitq.lock);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ioc->lock, flags);
}
static void ioc_rqos_done_bio(struct rq_qos *rqos, struct bio *bio)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg = blkg_to_iocg(bio->bi_blkg);
if (iocg && bio->bi_iocost_cost)
atomic64_add(bio->bi_iocost_cost, &iocg->done_vtime);
}
static void ioc_rqos_done(struct rq_qos *rqos, struct request *rq)
{
struct ioc *ioc = rqos_to_ioc(rqos);
struct ioc_pcpu_stat *ccs;
u64 on_q_ns, rq_wait_ns, size_nsec;
int pidx, rw;
if (!ioc->enabled || !rq->alloc_time_ns || !rq->start_time_ns)
return;
switch (req_op(rq)) {
case REQ_OP_READ:
pidx = QOS_RLAT;
rw = READ;
break;
case REQ_OP_WRITE:
pidx = QOS_WLAT;
rw = WRITE;
break;
default:
return;
}
on_q_ns = blk_time_get_ns() - rq->alloc_time_ns;
rq_wait_ns = rq->start_time_ns - rq->alloc_time_ns;
size_nsec = div64_u64(calc_size_vtime_cost(rq, ioc), VTIME_PER_NSEC);
ccs = get_cpu_ptr(ioc->pcpu_stat);
if (on_q_ns <= size_nsec ||
on_q_ns - size_nsec <= ioc->params.qos[pidx] * NSEC_PER_USEC)
local_inc(&ccs->missed[rw].nr_met);
else
local_inc(&ccs->missed[rw].nr_missed);
local64_add(rq_wait_ns, &ccs->rq_wait_ns);
put_cpu_ptr(ccs);
}
static void ioc_rqos_queue_depth_changed(struct rq_qos *rqos)
{
struct ioc *ioc = rqos_to_ioc(rqos);
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
ioc_refresh_params(ioc, false);
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
}
static void ioc_rqos_exit(struct rq_qos *rqos)
{
struct ioc *ioc = rqos_to_ioc(rqos);
blkcg_deactivate_policy(rqos->disk, &blkcg_policy_iocost);
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
ioc->running = IOC_STOP;
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
timer_shutdown_sync(&ioc->timer);
free_percpu(ioc->pcpu_stat);
kfree(ioc);
}
static const struct rq_qos_ops ioc_rqos_ops = {
.throttle = ioc_rqos_throttle,
.merge = ioc_rqos_merge,
.done_bio = ioc_rqos_done_bio,
.done = ioc_rqos_done,
.queue_depth_changed = ioc_rqos_queue_depth_changed,
.exit = ioc_rqos_exit,
};
static int blk_iocost_init(struct gendisk *disk)
{
struct ioc *ioc;
int i, cpu, ret;
ioc = kzalloc(sizeof(*ioc), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ioc)
return -ENOMEM;
ioc->pcpu_stat = alloc_percpu(struct ioc_pcpu_stat);
if (!ioc->pcpu_stat) {
kfree(ioc);
return -ENOMEM;
}
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
struct ioc_pcpu_stat *ccs = per_cpu_ptr(ioc->pcpu_stat, cpu);
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ccs->missed); i++) {
local_set(&ccs->missed[i].nr_met, 0);
local_set(&ccs->missed[i].nr_missed, 0);
}
local64_set(&ccs->rq_wait_ns, 0);
}
spin_lock_init(&ioc->lock);
timer_setup(&ioc->timer, ioc_timer_fn, 0);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ioc->active_iocgs);
ioc->running = IOC_IDLE;
ioc->vtime_base_rate = VTIME_PER_USEC;
atomic64_set(&ioc->vtime_rate, VTIME_PER_USEC);
seqcount_spinlock_init(&ioc->period_seqcount, &ioc->lock);
ioc->period_at = ktime_to_us(blk_time_get());
atomic64_set(&ioc->cur_period, 0);
atomic_set(&ioc->hweight_gen, 0);
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
ioc->autop_idx = AUTOP_INVALID;
ioc_refresh_params_disk(ioc, true, disk);
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
/*
* rqos must be added before activation to allow ioc_pd_init() to
* lookup the ioc from q. This means that the rqos methods may get
* called before policy activation completion, can't assume that the
* target bio has an iocg associated and need to test for NULL iocg.
*/
ret = rq_qos_add(&ioc->rqos, disk, RQ_QOS_COST, &ioc_rqos_ops);
if (ret)
goto err_free_ioc;
ret = blkcg_activate_policy(disk, &blkcg_policy_iocost);
if (ret)
goto err_del_qos;
return 0;
err_del_qos:
rq_qos_del(&ioc->rqos);
err_free_ioc:
free_percpu(ioc->pcpu_stat);
kfree(ioc);
return ret;
}
static struct blkcg_policy_data *ioc_cpd_alloc(gfp_t gfp)
{
struct ioc_cgrp *iocc;
iocc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ioc_cgrp), gfp);
if (!iocc)
return NULL;
iocc->dfl_weight = CGROUP_WEIGHT_DFL * WEIGHT_ONE;
return &iocc->cpd;
}
static void ioc_cpd_free(struct blkcg_policy_data *cpd)
{
kfree(container_of(cpd, struct ioc_cgrp, cpd));
}
static struct blkg_policy_data *ioc_pd_alloc(struct gendisk *disk,
struct blkcg *blkcg, gfp_t gfp)
{
int levels = blkcg->css.cgroup->level + 1;
struct ioc_gq *iocg;
iocg = kzalloc_node(struct_size(iocg, ancestors, levels), gfp,
disk->node_id);
if (!iocg)
return NULL;
iocg->pcpu_stat = alloc_percpu_gfp(struct iocg_pcpu_stat, gfp);
if (!iocg->pcpu_stat) {
kfree(iocg);
return NULL;
}
return &iocg->pd;
}
static void ioc_pd_init(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg = pd_to_iocg(pd);
struct blkcg_gq *blkg = pd_to_blkg(&iocg->pd);
struct ioc *ioc = q_to_ioc(blkg->q);
struct ioc_now now;
struct blkcg_gq *tblkg;
unsigned long flags;
ioc_now(ioc, &now);
iocg->ioc = ioc;
atomic64_set(&iocg->vtime, now.vnow);
atomic64_set(&iocg->done_vtime, now.vnow);
atomic64_set(&iocg->active_period, atomic64_read(&ioc->cur_period));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&iocg->active_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&iocg->walk_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&iocg->surplus_list);
iocg->hweight_active = WEIGHT_ONE;
iocg->hweight_inuse = WEIGHT_ONE;
init_waitqueue_head(&iocg->waitq);
hrtimer_init(&iocg->waitq_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
iocg->waitq_timer.function = iocg_waitq_timer_fn;
iocg->level = blkg->blkcg->css.cgroup->level;
for (tblkg = blkg; tblkg; tblkg = tblkg->parent) {
struct ioc_gq *tiocg = blkg_to_iocg(tblkg);
iocg->ancestors[tiocg->level] = tiocg;
}
spin_lock_irqsave(&ioc->lock, flags);
weight_updated(iocg, &now);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ioc->lock, flags);
}
static void ioc_pd_free(struct blkg_policy_data *pd)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg = pd_to_iocg(pd);
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
unsigned long flags;
if (ioc) {
spin_lock_irqsave(&ioc->lock, flags);
if (!list_empty(&iocg->active_list)) {
struct ioc_now now;
ioc_now(ioc, &now);
propagate_weights(iocg, 0, 0, false, &now);
list_del_init(&iocg->active_list);
}
WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&iocg->walk_list));
WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&iocg->surplus_list));
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ioc->lock, flags);
hrtimer_cancel(&iocg->waitq_timer);
}
free_percpu(iocg->pcpu_stat);
kfree(iocg);
}
static void ioc_pd_stat(struct blkg_policy_data *pd, struct seq_file *s)
{
struct ioc_gq *iocg = pd_to_iocg(pd);
struct ioc *ioc = iocg->ioc;
if (!ioc->enabled)
return;
if (iocg->level == 0) {
unsigned vp10k = DIV64_U64_ROUND_CLOSEST(
ioc->vtime_base_rate * 10000,
VTIME_PER_USEC);
seq_printf(s, " cost.vrate=%u.%02u", vp10k / 100, vp10k % 100);
}
seq_printf(s, " cost.usage=%llu", iocg->last_stat.usage_us);
if (blkcg_debug_stats)
seq_printf(s, " cost.wait=%llu cost.indebt=%llu cost.indelay=%llu",
iocg->last_stat.wait_us,
iocg->last_stat.indebt_us,
iocg->last_stat.indelay_us);
}
static u64 ioc_weight_prfill(struct seq_file *sf, struct blkg_policy_data *pd,
int off)
{
const char *dname = blkg_dev_name(pd->blkg);
struct ioc_gq *iocg = pd_to_iocg(pd);
if (dname && iocg->cfg_weight)
seq_printf(sf, "%s %u\n", dname, iocg->cfg_weight / WEIGHT_ONE);
return 0;
}
static int ioc_weight_show(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
{
struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf));
struct ioc_cgrp *iocc = blkcg_to_iocc(blkcg);
seq_printf(sf, "default %u\n", iocc->dfl_weight / WEIGHT_ONE);
blkcg_print_blkgs(sf, blkcg, ioc_weight_prfill,
&blkcg_policy_iocost, seq_cft(sf)->private, false);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t ioc_weight_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *buf,
size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(of_css(of));
struct ioc_cgrp *iocc = blkcg_to_iocc(blkcg);
struct blkg_conf_ctx ctx;
struct ioc_now now;
struct ioc_gq *iocg;
u32 v;
int ret;
if (!strchr(buf, ':')) {
struct blkcg_gq *blkg;
if (!sscanf(buf, "default %u", &v) && !sscanf(buf, "%u", &v))
return -EINVAL;
if (v < CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN || v > CGROUP_WEIGHT_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
spin_lock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
iocc->dfl_weight = v * WEIGHT_ONE;
hlist_for_each_entry(blkg, &blkcg->blkg_list, blkcg_node) {
struct ioc_gq *iocg = blkg_to_iocg(blkg);
if (iocg) {
spin_lock(&iocg->ioc->lock);
ioc_now(iocg->ioc, &now);
weight_updated(iocg, &now);
spin_unlock(&iocg->ioc->lock);
}
}
spin_unlock_irq(&blkcg->lock);
return nbytes;
}
blkg_conf_init(&ctx, buf);
ret = blkg_conf_prep(blkcg, &blkcg_policy_iocost, &ctx);
if (ret)
goto err;
iocg = blkg_to_iocg(ctx.blkg);
if (!strncmp(ctx.body, "default", 7)) {
v = 0;
} else {
if (!sscanf(ctx.body, "%u", &v))
goto einval;
if (v < CGROUP_WEIGHT_MIN || v > CGROUP_WEIGHT_MAX)
goto einval;
}
spin_lock(&iocg->ioc->lock);
iocg->cfg_weight = v * WEIGHT_ONE;
ioc_now(iocg->ioc, &now);
weight_updated(iocg, &now);
spin_unlock(&iocg->ioc->lock);
blkg_conf_exit(&ctx);
return nbytes;
einval:
ret = -EINVAL;
err:
blkg_conf_exit(&ctx);
return ret;
}
static u64 ioc_qos_prfill(struct seq_file *sf, struct blkg_policy_data *pd,
int off)
{
const char *dname = blkg_dev_name(pd->blkg);
struct ioc *ioc = pd_to_iocg(pd)->ioc;
if (!dname)
return 0;
spin_lock(&ioc->lock);
seq_printf(sf, "%s enable=%d ctrl=%s rpct=%u.%02u rlat=%u wpct=%u.%02u wlat=%u min=%u.%02u max=%u.%02u\n",
dname, ioc->enabled, ioc->user_qos_params ? "user" : "auto",
ioc->params.qos[QOS_RPPM] / 10000,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_RPPM] % 10000 / 100,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_RLAT],
ioc->params.qos[QOS_WPPM] / 10000,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_WPPM] % 10000 / 100,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_WLAT],
ioc->params.qos[QOS_MIN] / 10000,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_MIN] % 10000 / 100,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_MAX] / 10000,
ioc->params.qos[QOS_MAX] % 10000 / 100);
spin_unlock(&ioc->lock);
return 0;
}
static int ioc_qos_show(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
{
struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf));
blkcg_print_blkgs(sf, blkcg, ioc_qos_prfill,
&blkcg_policy_iocost, seq_cft(sf)->private, false);
return 0;
}
static const match_table_t qos_ctrl_tokens = {
{ QOS_ENABLE, "enable=%u" },
{ QOS_CTRL, "ctrl=%s" },
{ NR_QOS_CTRL_PARAMS, NULL },
};
static const match_table_t qos_tokens = {
{ QOS_RPPM, "rpct=%s" },
{ QOS_RLAT, "rlat=%u" },
{ QOS_WPPM, "wpct=%s" },
{ QOS_WLAT, "wlat=%u" },
{ QOS_MIN, "min=%s" },
{ QOS_MAX, "max=%s" },
{ NR_QOS_PARAMS, NULL },
};
static ssize_t ioc_qos_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *input,
size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
struct blkg_conf_ctx ctx;
struct gendisk *disk;
struct ioc *ioc;
u32 qos[NR_QOS_PARAMS];
bool enable, user;
char *body, *p;
int ret;
blkg_conf_init(&ctx, input);
ret = blkg_conf_open_bdev(&ctx);
if (ret)
goto err;
body = ctx.body;
disk = ctx.bdev->bd_disk;
if (!queue_is_mq(disk->queue)) {
ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
goto err;
}
ioc = q_to_ioc(disk->queue);
if (!ioc) {
ret = blk_iocost_init(disk);
if (ret)
goto err;
ioc = q_to_ioc(disk->queue);
}
blk_mq_freeze_queue(disk->queue);
blk_mq_quiesce_queue(disk->queue);
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
memcpy(qos, ioc->params.qos, sizeof(qos));
enable = ioc->enabled;
user = ioc->user_qos_params;
while ((p = strsep(&body, " \t\n"))) {
substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
char buf[32];
int tok;
s64 v;
if (!*p)
continue;
switch (match_token(p, qos_ctrl_tokens, args)) {
case QOS_ENABLE:
if (match_u64(&args[0], &v))
goto einval;
enable = v;
continue;
case QOS_CTRL:
match_strlcpy(buf, &args[0], sizeof(buf));
if (!strcmp(buf, "auto"))
user = false;
else if (!strcmp(buf, "user"))
user = true;
else
goto einval;
continue;
}
tok = match_token(p, qos_tokens, args);
switch (tok) {
case QOS_RPPM:
case QOS_WPPM:
if (match_strlcpy(buf, &args[0], sizeof(buf)) >=
sizeof(buf))
goto einval;
if (cgroup_parse_float(buf, 2, &v))
goto einval;
if (v < 0 || v > 10000)
goto einval;
qos[tok] = v * 100;
break;
case QOS_RLAT:
case QOS_WLAT:
if (match_u64(&args[0], &v))
goto einval;
qos[tok] = v;
break;
case QOS_MIN:
case QOS_MAX:
if (match_strlcpy(buf, &args[0], sizeof(buf)) >=
sizeof(buf))
goto einval;
if (cgroup_parse_float(buf, 2, &v))
goto einval;
if (v < 0)
goto einval;
qos[tok] = clamp_t(s64, v * 100,
VRATE_MIN_PPM, VRATE_MAX_PPM);
break;
default:
goto einval;
}
user = true;
}
if (qos[QOS_MIN] > qos[QOS_MAX])
goto einval;
if (enable && !ioc->enabled) {
blk_stat_enable_accounting(disk->queue);
blk_queue_flag_set(QUEUE_FLAG_RQ_ALLOC_TIME, disk->queue);
ioc->enabled = true;
} else if (!enable && ioc->enabled) {
blk_stat_disable_accounting(disk->queue);
blk_queue_flag_clear(QUEUE_FLAG_RQ_ALLOC_TIME, disk->queue);
ioc->enabled = false;
}
if (user) {
memcpy(ioc->params.qos, qos, sizeof(qos));
ioc->user_qos_params = true;
} else {
ioc->user_qos_params = false;
}
ioc_refresh_params(ioc, true);
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
if (enable)
wbt_disable_default(disk);
else
wbt_enable_default(disk);
blk_mq_unquiesce_queue(disk->queue);
blk_mq_unfreeze_queue(disk->queue);
blkg_conf_exit(&ctx);
return nbytes;
einval:
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
blk_mq_unquiesce_queue(disk->queue);
blk_mq_unfreeze_queue(disk->queue);
ret = -EINVAL;
err:
blkg_conf_exit(&ctx);
return ret;
}
static u64 ioc_cost_model_prfill(struct seq_file *sf,
struct blkg_policy_data *pd, int off)
{
const char *dname = blkg_dev_name(pd->blkg);
struct ioc *ioc = pd_to_iocg(pd)->ioc;
u64 *u = ioc->params.i_lcoefs;
if (!dname)
return 0;
spin_lock(&ioc->lock);
seq_printf(sf, "%s ctrl=%s model=linear "
"rbps=%llu rseqiops=%llu rrandiops=%llu "
"wbps=%llu wseqiops=%llu wrandiops=%llu\n",
dname, ioc->user_cost_model ? "user" : "auto",
u[I_LCOEF_RBPS], u[I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS], u[I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS],
u[I_LCOEF_WBPS], u[I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS], u[I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS]);
spin_unlock(&ioc->lock);
return 0;
}
static int ioc_cost_model_show(struct seq_file *sf, void *v)
{
struct blkcg *blkcg = css_to_blkcg(seq_css(sf));
blkcg_print_blkgs(sf, blkcg, ioc_cost_model_prfill,
&blkcg_policy_iocost, seq_cft(sf)->private, false);
return 0;
}
static const match_table_t cost_ctrl_tokens = {
{ COST_CTRL, "ctrl=%s" },
{ COST_MODEL, "model=%s" },
{ NR_COST_CTRL_PARAMS, NULL },
};
static const match_table_t i_lcoef_tokens = {
{ I_LCOEF_RBPS, "rbps=%u" },
{ I_LCOEF_RSEQIOPS, "rseqiops=%u" },
{ I_LCOEF_RRANDIOPS, "rrandiops=%u" },
{ I_LCOEF_WBPS, "wbps=%u" },
{ I_LCOEF_WSEQIOPS, "wseqiops=%u" },
{ I_LCOEF_WRANDIOPS, "wrandiops=%u" },
{ NR_I_LCOEFS, NULL },
};
static ssize_t ioc_cost_model_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of, char *input,
size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
{
struct blkg_conf_ctx ctx;
struct request_queue *q;
struct ioc *ioc;
u64 u[NR_I_LCOEFS];
bool user;
char *body, *p;
int ret;
blkg_conf_init(&ctx, input);
ret = blkg_conf_open_bdev(&ctx);
if (ret)
goto err;
body = ctx.body;
q = bdev_get_queue(ctx.bdev);
if (!queue_is_mq(q)) {
ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
goto err;
}
ioc = q_to_ioc(q);
if (!ioc) {
ret = blk_iocost_init(ctx.bdev->bd_disk);
if (ret)
goto err;
ioc = q_to_ioc(q);
}
blk_mq_freeze_queue(q);
blk_mq_quiesce_queue(q);
spin_lock_irq(&ioc->lock);
memcpy(u, ioc->params.i_lcoefs, sizeof(u));
user = ioc->user_cost_model;
while ((p = strsep(&body, " \t\n"))) {
substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
char buf[32];
int tok;
u64 v;
if (!*p)
continue;
switch (match_token(p, cost_ctrl_tokens, args)) {
case COST_CTRL:
match_strlcpy(buf, &args[0], sizeof(buf));
if (!strcmp(buf, "auto"))
user = false;
else if (!strcmp(buf, "user"))
user = true;
else
goto einval;
continue;
case COST_MODEL:
match_strlcpy(buf, &args[0], sizeof(buf));
if (strcmp(buf, "linear"))
goto einval;
continue;
}
tok = match_token(p, i_lcoef_tokens, args);
if (tok == NR_I_LCOEFS)
goto einval;
if (match_u64(&args[0], &v))
goto einval;
u[tok] = v;
user = true;
}
if (user) {
memcpy(ioc->params.i_lcoefs, u, sizeof(u));
ioc->user_cost_model = true;
} else {
ioc->user_cost_model = false;
}
ioc_refresh_params(ioc, true);
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
blk_mq_unquiesce_queue(q);
blk_mq_unfreeze_queue(q);
blkg_conf_exit(&ctx);
return nbytes;
einval:
spin_unlock_irq(&ioc->lock);
blk_mq_unquiesce_queue(q);
blk_mq_unfreeze_queue(q);
ret = -EINVAL;
err:
blkg_conf_exit(&ctx);
return ret;
}
static struct cftype ioc_files[] = {
{
.name = "weight",
.flags = CFTYPE_NOT_ON_ROOT,
.seq_show = ioc_weight_show,
.write = ioc_weight_write,
},
{
.name = "cost.qos",
.flags = CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_ROOT,
.seq_show = ioc_qos_show,
.write = ioc_qos_write,
},
{
.name = "cost.model",
.flags = CFTYPE_ONLY_ON_ROOT,
.seq_show = ioc_cost_model_show,
.write = ioc_cost_model_write,
},
{}
};
static struct blkcg_policy blkcg_policy_iocost = {
.dfl_cftypes = ioc_files,
.cpd_alloc_fn = ioc_cpd_alloc,
.cpd_free_fn = ioc_cpd_free,
.pd_alloc_fn = ioc_pd_alloc,
.pd_init_fn = ioc_pd_init,
.pd_free_fn = ioc_pd_free,
.pd_stat_fn = ioc_pd_stat,
};
static int __init ioc_init(void)
{
return blkcg_policy_register(&blkcg_policy_iocost);
}
static void __exit ioc_exit(void)
{
blkcg_policy_unregister(&blkcg_policy_iocost);
}
module_init(ioc_init);
module_exit(ioc_exit);
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